The distribution and ecological risks of antibiotics in surface water in key cities along the lower reaches of the Yellow River:A case study of Kaifeng City,China

A large number of antibiotics have been discharged into rivers by human activities,posing a threat to aquatic ecosystems.The surface water of the Yellow River Basin also suffers antibiotic pollution,which hinders the improvement in the aquatic ecological environment.This study investigated and analyzed the characteristics and assessed the ecological risks of antibiotic pollution in surface water bodies such as canals,rivers and fish ponds in Kaifeng,Henan Province,which is a key city along the lower reaches of the Yellow River.The test results are as follows.A total of 15 types of antibiotics were detected in the surface water.They had a total antibiotic concentration of 12.2-249.9μg/L,of which tetracyclines(TCs)and quinolones accounted for the highest percentages.Six types of quinolones had detection rates of up to 100%,and doxycycline(DC)and oxytetracycline(OTC)had average concentrations of 29.52μg/L1 and 13.71μg/L,respectively.The major canals with water diverted from the Yellow River had total concentrations of quinolones and TCs of 22.0μg/L and 14.9μg/L,respectively,which were higher than those in previous studies.This phenomenon may be related to the decrease in the water flow of the Yellow River during the dry season and the increase in the antibiotic consumption of residents in the context of the Covid-19 outbreak.The upper reaches of the Huiji River in the Xiangfu District had higher antibiotic content than other districts in Kaifeng.Specifically,TCs accounted for 72.38%-91.84%of all antibiotics,and the DC and OTC concentrations were significantly higher than other antibiotics in the upper reaches.As indicated by the ecological risk assessment results,TCs had the highest ecological risks to green algae.Among them,DC had medium-high risks;TC,OTC,and chlortetracycline(CTC)had medium-high risks;trimethoprim(TMP)and lomefloxacin(LOM)had low risks;other TC antibiotics had no risk.Compared with green algae,most antibiotics showed higher ecological risks to daphnia and lower ecological risks to fish.DC and OTC dominate antibiotic pollutants in the surface water in Kaifeng City,and especially in Xiangfu District,where DC and OTC have medium-high risks.The TCs in the major Yellow River showed medium risks to both green algae and daphnia.It can be speculated that the antibiotic pollution in the Yellow River might pose a certain threat to the ecological security of water in Kaifeng City.

The comprehensive evaluation on resource environmental bearing capacity of central cities in the Yellow River Delta-A case study on Dongying City

Dongying City, which is the most important central city in the Yellow River Delta, is located in the estuary of the Yellow River. With a short land formation time, ecological environment is very weak in this area. To realize the sustainable economic development of the Yellow River Delta, resource environment and resource environmental bearing capacity(REBC) must be improved. This study builds assessment system of regional REBC through resource and economic characteristics in Yellow River Delta and uses principal component analysis(PCA) method to evaluate REBC of five counties and districts in Dongying City in 2011-2015 on the dimensions of time and space. Results show that, on the time dimension, Guangrao County is ranked first, Dongying district second for four years and Hekou and Kenli districts with lower ranks in 2012-2015, indicating that more attention needs to be paid to REBC of Hekou and Dongying districts and these two districts should be included into key monitoring areas. From space scale, REBC in five counties and districts has been gradually improving. In order to further develop REBC in Dongying City, measures such as intensifying protection of urban ecological environment and developing circular economy, etc. should be implemented.

Spatiotemporal variations and driving factors of habitat quality in the loess hilly area of the Yellow River Basin:A case study of Lanzhou City,China

Rapid industrialization and urbanization have led to the most serious habitat degradation in China,especially in the loess hilly area of the Yellow River Basin,where the ecological environment is relatively fragile.The contradiction between economic development and ecological environment protection has aroused widespread concern.In this study,we used the habitat quality of Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST-HQ)model at different scales to evaluate the dynamic evolution characteristics of habitat quality in Lanzhou City,Gansu Province of China.The spatiotemporal variations of habitat quality were analyzed by spatial autocorrelation.A Geographical Detector(Geodetector)model was used to explore the driving factors that influencing the spatial differentiation of habitat quality,including natural factors,socio-economic factors,and ecological protection factors.The results showed that the habitat quality index of Lanzhou City decreased from 0.4638 to 0.4548 during 2000-2018.The areas with reduced the habitat quality index were mainly located in the Yellow River Basin and Qinwangchuan Basin,where are the main urban areas and the new economic development areas,respectively.The spatial distribution of habitat quality presented a trend of high in the surrounding areas and low in the middle,and showed a significant positive spatial autocorrelation.With the increase of study scale,the spatial distribution of habitat quality changed from concentrated to dispersed.The spatial differentiation of habitat quality in the study area was the result of multiple factors.Among them,topographic relief and slope were the key factors.The synergistic enhancement among these driving factors intensified the spatial differentiation of habitat quality.The findings of this study can provide a scientific basis for land resources utilization and ecosystem restoration in the arid and semi-arid land.

THE RATIONAL UTILIZATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN IRRIGATED AREA OF THE YELLOW RIVER IN NINGXIA

The paper describes the water resources in the irrigated area of Ningxia, China, andthe methods for improving the utilization of the water resources, and puts forward somesuggestions so as to utilize the water resources rationally. The history of irrigation farming in Ningxia can be traced back to more than two thou-

Prediction of Maize Yield and Its Component Factors in Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia under Climate Change

[Objective] The aim was to quantitatively predict the variation trend of maize yield in Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia under future climate change scenarios.[Method] Based on the data of daily temperature,precipitation and radiation in 25 km × 25 km grid in Ningxia from 2010 to 2100 obtained by regional climate model,maize yield in Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia in the 21st century was studied by means of corrected CERES-Maize model.[Result] With climate warming,maize yield in Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia in 2020s and 2050s showed increase trend compared with base years（average in 1961-1990）when current adaptive maize variety and optimum production management measures were adopted,while maize yield went down in 2080s with the further increase of temperature.The grain number per spike and spike grain weight as the yield components of maize also showed the same trend with maize yield.In 2020s and 2050s,the increase of maize yield under B2 scenario was higher than that under A2 scenario,while the decrease of maize yield under B2 scenario was lower than that under A2 scenario in 2080s.[Conclusion] With the increase of temperature,maize yield in Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia went up firstly and then went down.

Coordinated Development of Human Settlement and Economy in County-level Cities in the Yellow River Basin

[Objective] To provide quantification means for comprehensively analyzing the coordinated development of urban human settlement and economy by constructing an index system of economy and human settlement. [Method] By constructing an evaluation index system of economy and human settlement, and using the coordinate measurement model of them, 22 county-level cities in the Yellow River Basin were analyzed. [Result] In the Yellow River Basin, the construction level of economy and human settlement in those county-level cities is low with distinct spatial differences and deteriorating polarization; there is a great spatial corresponding between coordinated development degree and economic level, the higher the economic development level, the higher coordinated development degree in county-level cities; county-level cities around the boundaries of provinces have difficulties in development. [Conclusion] Evaluation standards and models are clear in significance, convenient in application, which can successfully evaluate the coordination of human settlement development in the study region.

沿黄城市生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调时空演变分析

为丰富黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展研究,并为沿黄城市经济发展提供对策建议,分别构建生态保护和高质量发展评价指标体系,以60个沿黄地级市为样本单元,采用熵值法对指标赋权并计算2010—2020年沿黄各市生态保护指数、高质量发展指数,采用耦合协调度模型计算生态保护与高质量发展耦合度、协调度并划分协调等级,计算相对发展度以判断生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调类型,分析沿黄城市生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调动态演变情况,结果表明:2010—2020年沿黄城市生态保护与高质量发展协调度大都稳中有升、少数城市呈下降趋势,2020年协调等级整体上还较低,尚有37个城市处于失调状态,生态保护与高质量发展的耦合协调任重道远;从空间上看,沿黄城市生态保护和高质量发展协调度总体上呈现下游>中游>上游的格局,研究时段生态保护与高质量发展协调度平均值大小排序前十位的城市多为沿海城市或省会城市、后十位的城市多为各省(区)的边缘城市,地理位置、资源禀赋、政策扶持程度和经济发展模式等对耦合协调度有重要影响;2020年沿黄城市生态保护与高质量发展耦合协调类型为生态保护滞后型的城市有31个、为均衡型的城市有5个、为生态保护领先型的城市有24个,表明沿黄城市生态保护整体上滞后于高质量发展。

考虑生态耗水的干旱区绿洲灌溉用水效率评价指标与方法

针对现行干旱区绿洲尺度灌溉用水效率评价对生态服务效益考虑不足的问题,提出了在绿洲尺度上考虑生态耗水的灌溉用水效率评价指标和方法,并应用于宁夏引黄灌溉绿洲。结果表明:宁夏引黄灌溉绿洲农田蒸散消耗水量中的灌溉水量平均占比达74.7%,生态系统蒸散消耗水量中的灌溉水量平均占比达39.8%,灌溉水对生态系统的支撑作用显著;考虑生态耗水前后的灌溉用水效率差为0.052~0.074,占未考虑生态耗水灌溉用水效率的13.9%~16.1%,灌溉水的生态服务效益明显;提出的评价指标与方法合理可行,能客观反映干旱区灌溉用水的综合效益。

黄河流域乡村集群的空间协同发展路径——以黄河滨州段为例

立足于黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展、乡村振兴国家战略在山东的地域性实践背景,基于对黄河流域乡村集群的空间协同发展路径研究,阐释乡村集群的概念并归纳沿黄乡村集群特征,从黄河流域乡村的发展壁垒入手,将乡村集群类型划分为城乡融合型、带状集聚型、组团提升型等3种集群空间模式,提出统筹体系架构与空间优化两层面的协同路径。随后,以《滨州市黄河沿岸国土空间规划》为例,以229个村庄为样本,构建由城乡融合示范区、特色集聚段、门户提升段构成的“一区三段”乡村集群空间格局,提出“尺度嵌合、显隐结合、城乡融合”的空间协同路径,以及空间多尺度的分类传导和规划多嵌套的分级传导体系,以期为黄河流域乡村高质量发展提供可参考的路径模式。

宁夏引黄灌区果园生草处理对土壤理化性质的影响

本研究选用多年生黑麦草、紫花苜蓿、高羊茅、长柔毛野豌豆4种功能草种,以清耕和自然生草作为对照,探究不同生草处理对果园土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,与多年生黑麦草生草处理相比,紫花苜蓿与长柔毛野豌豆生草处理可以显著提高0~20 cm土层土壤总孔隙度和0~20 cm、21~40 cm土层田间持水量(P<0.05),显著降低0~20 cm土层土壤容重(P<0.05)。与处理前相比,2022年10月紫花苜蓿与长柔毛野豌豆生草处理的土壤有机质含量、全盐含量、碱解氮含量(0~20 cm土层)、有效钾含量(0~20 cm土层)显著提高(P<0.05),土壤pH(0~20 cm土层)显著降低(P<0.05)。因此,在干旱和半干旱地区可以选择苜蓿和长柔毛野豌豆进行果园生草处理。本研究结果为改良果园土壤,提高水果产量提供了理论依据。

宁夏沿黄城市带土壤重金属分布特征及其生态风险评价

宁夏沿黄城市带是黄河中上游重要的产业聚集区,其土壤健康状况对黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展先行区建设具有重要意义。为摸清沿黄城市带土壤重金属现状及生态风险,该研究取样检测了该区域682个样点的土壤重金属元素含量,分析了其生态风险,并进行了溯源。研究结果表明:(1)宁夏沿黄城市带0~20 cm土壤砷(As)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)、镍(Ni)和镉(Cd)8种重金属元素平均值分别为(3.11±1.88)、(60.66±15.64)、(17.86±6.10)、(509.92±186.74)、(17.62±11.10)、(57.36±25.33)、(25.23±4.95)和(0.77±0.49) mg/kg。0~20 cm土层重金属元素平均含量均低于土壤背景值,也低于农用地土壤污染风险筛选值。0~5 cm土层重金属元素含量高于0~20 cm土层,且Cr、Mn、Zn和Cd 4种元素含量超过了土壤背景值。(2)沿黄城市带中As、Cr、Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn和Ni这7种元素对环境污染风险极低。大部分区域土壤Cd含量明显高于背景值,污染风险较高。(3)沿黄城市带重金属元素有5种来源,其中母质源对重金属来源贡献率最高,其次为农业和工业复合源、交通运输源,农业源和工业源对重金属元素贡献小。研究结果表明宁夏沿黄城市带土壤重金属有较高等级的Cd生态风险,值得关注。

西北地区体育公共服务体系高质量发展先行区建设研究--以黄河流域宁夏段为例

体育公共服务体系高质量发展是我国体育事业重要的战略目标,其先行区的建设是满足人们多样化的体育需求,促进地区发展,推动我国从体育大国向体育强国迈进的有力保障。运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等对宁夏地区体育公共服务体系高质量发展先行区建设的目标定位及现实基础等进行研究,分析宁夏地区体育公共服务体系动态建设过程中的困境与实践路径。研究认为,宁夏地区体育公共服务体系建设中体制不完善,机制不健全;提供社会服务的场地设施资源保障脆弱、体育社会组织和体育人才资源保障不足及体育服务资金投入的渠道不广泛;在协同发展层面表现出供给形式单一,竞技体育与群众体育不能良性互动形成协同发展的格局。基于此,提出要完善体育公共服务运行机制,加强整体规划与标准化建设;保障体育公共服务供给需求,提升供给效率与均等化发展;丰富体育公共服务组织形式,推进载体创新与智慧化升级的具体实践路径。

资源型城市韧性水平与绿色发展效率耦合的时空分异特征

城市韧性建设和绿色发展已成为资源型城市转型发展的重要方向。以黄河流域资源型城市为研究对象,通过构建城市韧性水平与绿色发展效率的耦合机理,利用物理学耦合模型,定量测度了2009—2019年40个资源型城市的韧性水平与绿色发展效率耦合协调的时空格局;通过构建随机效应面板Tobit模型,探究黄河流域资源型城市韧性水平与绿色发展效率耦合的影响因素。研究发现:(1)黄河流域资源型城市韧性建设成效显著,呈稳步增长态势;绿色发展效率随时间呈“W”形波动增长态势,但总体增长效率不显著。(2)两者耦合度均值在[0.7,0.8]内波动,呈现较高的耦合关系;耦合协调度随时间呈稳步提升态势,从“濒临失调阶段”逐步过渡到“良好协调阶段”。(3)城市韧性水平、绿色发展效率,以及两者间的耦合度和耦合协调度的空间异质性具有一致性,即中下游资源型城市强于上游。(4)政府能力、教育投入和人口规模对耦合协调度的影响存在较显著的空间异质性,而基础设施、产业结构和环境规制的影响具有空间同质性。

黄河流域收缩城市“三生”功能耦合协调分析

利用第五、第六和第七次全国人口普查资料对黄河流域的收缩城市进行识别并测算其收缩强度,借助多指标综合评价法、耦合协调度模型分析2010年、2015年和2020年收缩城市的“三生”功能大小及耦合协调度,进一步运用随机森林模型探究其关键影响因素。结果表明:在黄河流域内90个地级市(州、盟)中,持续收缩型城市有27个,阶段收缩型城市有9个,潜在收缩型城市有29个,城市收缩现象显著;不同区域收缩城市的“三生”功能水平差异显著,其中生产和生活功能整体呈上升态势;“三生”功能的耦合协调度呈现由勉强协调向初级协调发展的特征,中、下游区域协调度优于上游,经济社会的快速发展和人民生活水平的提高有助于“三生”功能的耦合协调发展。

黄河流域城市能源综合效率时空分异与影响因素研究

经济发展和环境保护的双重压力下,能源效率成为反映一国经济发展质量的关键指标,不断提升能源效率是必然的趋势。本文使用非参数的super-SBM模型、地理信息系统空间分析法、面板Tobit回归和地理加权回归(GWR)模型对黄河流域2007—2018年城市能源综合效率的时空格局和影响因素进行分析。结果表明:①研究期内,城市能源综合效率基本保持平稳,但有下降趋势。效率分布的区域差异有所缩小,且呈现出明显的连片分布特征,具体来说上游城市多处于低效、中低效率区间,中下游城市多位于中低和中高效率区间;②影响因素的Tobit回归结果表明,经济发展水平和绿色创新对城市能源综合效率具有显著正向影响,碳排放水平、产业结构和环境规制对城市能源综合效率具有显著的负向影响,区域异质性回归结果也基本保持不变;③地理加权回归结果表明,各影响因素作用的空间异质性存在并且具有一定分布规律。研究结论为促进黄河流域城市能源综合效率提供思路。

宁夏区域黄河水文化的三种形态及多元价值表现

宁夏区域黄河水文化涵盖物质、制度、精神三种形态,是一个内涵极其丰富的文化体系,新时代条件下表现出对于宁夏地域文化、中华民族、世界文明,以及对于人与自然关系的独特作用和价值。系统梳理和挖掘宁夏境内黄河水文化内涵及其价值,是对区域黄河文化研究的一种补充,可为深度探究将这一优势文化资源转化为地区发展实力奠定学术基础,有助于传播和发展优秀的黄河水文化,进一步传承和弘扬黄河文化,推进新时代宁夏黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展先行区建设。

黄河流域城市群水资源利用与城市发展协调水平评价

黄河流域城市群水资源利用与城市发展交互状态是影响流域城市群高质量发展的关键,亟须在可持续发展目标下探讨二者之间的耦合协调关系,为探索黄河流域城市群生态保护与高质量发展协同机制提供新思路。以黄河流域5个城市群为例,依据联合国提出的可持续发展目标,建立2010—2019年水足迹与城市发展指数的耦合协调度及水资源利用差异分析框架,采用Theil变异指数方法,对耦合协调结果的空间差异进行评价。结果表明:2010—2019年黄河流域城市群水足迹年均减少0.43%,城市发展指数年均增长0.73%,二者耦合协调等级呈升—降—升的不稳定状态;城市群水资源利用水平差异是造成城市发展水平差异的主要原因,且在不同城市群发展阶段中水资源利用与城市发展协调关系差异显著。建议构建跨域水资源共治体系、发挥城市群水资源公共政策的调节作用、系统规划城市群水环境保护与水资源开发利用安全格局。

A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR UNSTEADY SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN NINGXIA REACH OF THE YELLOW RIVER

A one-dimensional mathematical model for unsteady sediment transport in the Ningxia reach of the Yellow River was developed. In the model, the formulas for the sediment carrying capacity and the manning roughness coefficient, which reflect the features of the Yellow River, were adopted. A coefficient of sediment distribution was defined to represent the ratio of the bottom to the average concentration under the equilibrium conditions, which is not constant and is evaluated by using an empirical expression obtained by integrating the sediment concentration along water depth. The concentration distributions and the mean diameter distributions of suspended sediment in the transversal direction were also estimated in this model. A four-point (Preismann type) finite difference scheme and TDMA were employed in the numerical simulation. The amount of sediment deposition during the period of 1993～1999 in the Ningxia reach of the Yellow River from Xiaheyan to Shizuishan with a length of 197.43km were numerically simulated with the model. The computed results, such as the amount of sediment deposition and water stage agree well with the field data. Finally the validated model was used to predict the riverbed deformation during the period of 1999～2019 in the Ningxia reach of the Yellow River.

明代宁夏通志中的黄河书写

黄河是中华民族的母亲河,黄河文化是中华文化的根和魂。历史上,黄河曾流经过十三个省份,今流经九省区。在这些省区的地方文献特别是旧志中,都有关于黄河的书写。传世的四种明代宁夏通志中,关于黄河的记述主要集中在《山川》《河渠》《水利》类目中,所附地图一般均绘制有黄河及黄河水系信息。各志除了从自然地理的角度记载黄河外,还在社会生活、政治制度、经济民生等层面的类目,如《土产》《屯田》《职官》中记载与黄河相关的内容。同时,各志都收录有歌咏黄河的诗文。明代宁夏通志中,《[正统]宁夏志》最早记载了黄河宁夏段的流向、水势情况,其后弘治、嘉靖、万历三朝宁夏通志在此史料基础上进一步丰富记载;《[弘治]宁夏新志》中,最早出现了绘制有黄河地理信息的地图,嘉靖、万历两朝宁夏通志继承了这一做法,于所附地图中均绘有黄河信息,该志首次指出宁夏引黄灌溉的田亩数量及黄河对河套平原形成所起的关键作用,还首次收录了专题歌咏黄河的诗篇;《[嘉靖]宁夏新志》则首次全面梳理有关黄河之于宁夏重要性的代表性观点,开始记载黄河对宁夏的负面影响;《[万历]朔方新志》对黄河的专门记述内容更加全面,首次提及黄河的发源地为星宿海,进一步强调部分明朝地方官对黄河有害于宁夏的认识,所附朱笈《豁免屯粮赔累疏》强调,随着历史的推移,黄河为宁夏赢得的“塞北江南”美誉,在一定程度上已严重影响到宁夏的民生问题。

黄河流域城市群碳足迹及隐含碳转移研究

选择黄河流域5个国家级城市群合计71个城市构建了2017年环境扩展的MRIO模型,评估了包括化石能源燃烧､煤炭开采逃逸､农业非能源排放等3个来源的碳足迹,分析了城市群之间以及城市群内部城市､部门之间的隐含碳转移.结果表明:5个城市群碳足迹总计约2478.34Mt,其中化石能源燃烧贡献了86.42%,是碳足迹的主要来源,煤炭开采逃逸和农业非能源排放亦不容忽视,分别贡献了10.09%和3.49%.煤炭开采和洗选业､金属冶炼和压延加工业､电力热力的生产和供应业是碳足迹的重点部门,生产和消费两个视角下合计分别占总碳足迹的62.67%和36.77%.金属冶炼和压延加工业､电力热力的生产和供应业是隐含碳输出的关键部门,输出量合计占城市群内隐含碳转移量的51.43%,批发零售和住宿餐饮业是输入的关键部门,占比为26.79%,金属冶炼和压延加工业→批发零售和住宿餐饮业是隐含碳主要转移路径.碳足迹和隐含碳转出的重点城市多为资源消耗型､重化工产业占比较高的城市,如鄂尔多斯､滨州等.隐含碳转入的重点城市为维持自身发展需要消耗大量其他城市的产品,如青岛､呼和浩特等.碳足迹主要集中在“几”字弯都市圈､山东半岛和中原城市群,三者碳足迹合计占比在生产和消费视角下分别达到了85.89%和85.02%,“几”字弯都市圈是隐含碳输出最大的城市群,输出量约占城市群间转移量的40.68%,中原城市群是隐含碳输入最多的城市群,输入量约占42.24%.研究结果可为制定和完善黄河流域城市群控碳政策和降碳措施提供更充分合理的依据.