A Novel Fusion System Based on Iris and Ear Biometrics for E-exams

With the rapid spread of the coronavirus epidemic all over the world,educational and other institutions are heading towards digitization.In the era of digitization,identifying educational e-platform users using ear and iris based multi-modal biometric systems constitutes an urgent and interesting research topic to pre-serve enterprise security,particularly with wearing a face mask as a precaution against the new coronavirus epidemic.This study proposes a multimodal system based on ear and iris biometrics at the feature fusion level to identify students in electronic examinations(E-exams)during the COVID-19 pandemic.The proposed system comprises four steps.Thefirst step is image preprocessing,which includes enhancing,segmenting,and extracting the regions of interest.The second step is feature extraction,where the Haralick texture and shape methods are used to extract the features of ear images,whereas Tamura texture and color histogram methods are used to extract the features of iris images.The third step is feature fusion,where the extracted features of the ear and iris images are combined into one sequential fused vector.The fourth step is the matching,which is executed using the City Block Dis-tance(CTB)for student identification.Thefindings of the study indicate that the system’s recognition accuracy is 97%,with a 2%False Acceptance Rate(FAR),a 4%False Rejection Rate(FRR),a 94%Correct Recognition Rate(CRR),and a 96%Genuine Acceptance Rate(GAR).In addition,the proposed recognition sys-tem achieved higher accuracy than other related systems.

Comparative Analysis on Space Form of Block in Arid Region and Ecological Design Strategy

Due to unique geographical position and climatic characteristics,there are more economic,social,resource,environmental and other problems in urban construction of arid region. Old urban block of Kashgar and typical block of Masdar ecological city of Abu Dhabi are taken as the research objects. Based on summarizing the characteristics of traditional block and newly built ecological block in arid region,comparative analysis on their space forms and environmental designs is conducted,and the association mechanism between ecological adaptability and space form is generalized. From the aspects of block layout,block space,open space and architectural form,ecological design strategy of the block in arid region is proposed,which could provide the reference for development and construction of ecological city in arid region of China.