GIS-based Study on the Evolution of County-scale Land Use Landscape Pattern —A Case Study of Da'an City, China

With land use landscape pattern of Da'an City in west Jilin Province as an example, internal mechanism of regional land use changes was explored on the basis of GIS and remote sensing interpretation data. County-scale RS images were processed in ENVI, relevant indexes of land use change and landscape ecology selected to analyze quantity structure change, dynamic change and transition matrix of land use, and evolution trends of land use/cover change and landscape pattern in the study area analyzed. The results showed that from 1995 to 2005 Da'an City has witnessed a decreasing mean patch area of farmland, grassland and woodland, aggravating fragmentation of woodland and grassland; declining landscape diversity and increasing dominance degrees of certain landscapes; diversified land use types but lower rationality, increasing areas of certain landscape types.

The Scale of Constructing Mountainous Cities in Yunnan Province based on “Benchmark” Farmlands

In 2011, Yunnan provincial committee and government proposed the strat- egy of constructing mountainous cities in order to protect farmlands and guarantee crop safety, which makes full use of hills and gentle-slopes and transforms land use pattern. However, social and economic development performs unevenly in Yun- nan, supplemented by varied geographical conditions, so that constructing mountain- ous cities should proceed as per local conditions. The research proposed the con- trol of constructing mountainous cities provided crop safety under the principle of farmland protection and measured the quantities of demanded construction lands ac- cording to science of population prediction and ekistics, based on which the control scales of constructing mountainous cities were determined by multiplying basic farm- land coefficient and the area of newly increased construction lands. The research is of significance for guiding the construction of mountainous cities and avoiding the occupation of construction lands on farmlands.

Understanding the Relationship Between Shrinking Cities and Land Prices:Spatial Pattern,Effectiveness,and Policy Implications

Urban shrinkage has emerged as a widespread phenomenon globally and has a significant impact on land,particularly in terms of land use and price.This study focuses on 2851 county-level cities in China in 2005–2018(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan,and‘no data’areas in Qinhai-Tibet Plateau)as the fundamental units of analysis.By employing nighttime light(NTL)data to identify shrinking cities,the propensity score matching(PSM)model was used to quantitatively examine the impact of shrinking cities on land prices,and evaluate the magnitude of this influence.The findings demonstrate the following:1)there were 613 shrinking cities in China,with moderate shrinkage being the most prevalent and severe shrinkage being the least.2)Regional disparities are evident in the spatial distribution of shrinking cities,especially in areas with diverse terrain.3)The spatial pattern of land price exhibits a significant correlated to the economic and administrative levels.4)Shrinking cities significantly negatively impact on the overall land price(ATT=–0.1241,P<0.05).However,the extent of the effect varies significantly among different spatial regions.This study contributes novel insights into the investigation of land prices and shrinking cities,ultimately serving as a foundation for government efforts to promote the sustainable development of urban areas.

The causes of land landscape changes in semi-arid area of Northwest China: a case study of Yulin city

Rapid land landscape change has taken place in many arid and semi-arid regions such as the vulnerable ecological area over the last decade. In this paper, we quantified land landscape change of Yulin in this area between 1985 and 2000 using remote sensing and GIS. It was found that fallow landscape decreased by 125,148 hm^2 while grassland and woodland increased by 107,975 hm^2 and 17,157 hm^2, respectively. The major factors responsible for these changes are identified as the change in the government policy on preserving the environment, continued growth in mining, and urbanization. The efforts in restoring the deteriorated ecosystem have reaped certain benefits in reducing the spatial extent of sandy land through replacement by non-irrigated farmland, woodland and grassland. On the other hand, continued expansion of mining industry and urbanization has exerted adverse impacts on the land landscape. At present regional economic development conflicts directly with the protection of the natural environment. Such a conflict has caused the destruction to the land resources and fragmentation of the landscape accompanied by land desertification, the case is even serious in some localities.

Carrying Capacity and Coupling Coordination of Water and Land Resources Systems in Arid and Semi-arid Areas: A Case Study of Yulin City, China

Quantitatively assessing the carrying capacity of water and land resources systems in arid and semi-arid areas is crucial for achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.In this work,taking Yulin City in China as a case study and employing the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation(CRITIC)method,a modified model of coupling degree was developed to evaluate the car-rying capacity of water and land resources systems endowment and utilization,as well as their coupling coordination degree from 2013 to 2020.Our findings indicate that the water and land resources of Yulin are diminishing due to declines in agriculture,higher industrial water use,and wetland shrinkage.However,reallocating domestic water for ecological sustainability and reducing sloping farmland can mitigate this trend of decline.Temporally,as the coupling coordination between water and land resources system endowment in Yulin continuously improved,the coupling coordination between water and land resources system utilization first decreased and then in-creased with 2016 as the turning point.Spatially,the carrying capacity of water and land resources systems,the coupling coordination degree between water and land resources system endowment,and the coupling coordination degree between water and land resources system utilization in Yulin exhibited the same pattern of being higher in the six northern counties than in the six southern counties.Improving the water resources endowment is vital for the highly efficient use of water and land resources.

Balance of Datum Land Prices Among Cities Based on the City Gravitation Model and Stochastic Diffusion Equation

A balance of urban datum land prices is achieved to harmonize regional land prices and make the prices truly reflect different economic development levels and land prices among cities. The current piecewise linear interpolation balance method widely used has two drawbacks that always lead to an unsatisfactory balance among some cities. When the excess of land price in the central city to the surrounding zone reaches a certain degree, land price in the circumjacent city is not only consistent with the local land grade and land use level, but also influenced by the diffusion of land price in the central city. Thus, a new balanced scheme of datum land prices based on the city gravitation model and stochastic diffusion equation is brought forward. Finally, the new method is examined in the practice of datum land price balance in Hubei Province, China.

Land Use Evolution of Rural Settlements Based on Landscape Ecology and Analysis of Its Influence Factors: A Case Study of Panshi City, Jilin City of China

GIS spatial analysis and quantitative analysis of landscape indexes were applied to analyze land use features and influence factors of rural settlements in Panshi City, Jilin Province in view of the comprehensive regional environment. The results showed that (A) Rural settlements are mostly scattered, and concentrated in small groups, showing the co-existence and disorderly expansion of modern and traditional development features; (B) Layouts of rural settlements are closely related to agricultural production; (C) Rural settlements are mostly distributed in the linear patterns along rivers and in the ring patterns around reservoirs; (D) Distribution of rural settlements gradually expands to the neighboring areas of traffic arteries. Against the macro background of urbanization, studying the intensive utilization of rural settlements is a fundamental approach of relieving restriction of land elements, and also an important approach of promoting the construction of new socialist countryside, optimizing industrial structure and accelerating regional urbanization.

Spatio-temporal Evolution Characteristics and Driving Forces of Winter Urban Heat Island:A Case Study of Rapid Urbanization Area of Fuzhou City,China

Under the influence of anthropogenic and climate change,the problems caused by urban heat island(UHI)has become increasingly prominent.In order to promote urban sustainable development and improve the quality of human settlements,it is significant for exploring the evolution characteristics of urban thermal environment and analyzing its driving forces.Taking the Landsat series images as the basic data sources,the winter land surface temperature(LST)of the rapid urbanization area of Fuzhou City in China was quantitatively retrieved from 2001 to 2021.Combing comprehensively the standard deviation ellipse model,profile analysis and GeoDetector model,the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the winter urban thermal environment were systematically analyzed.The results showed that the winter LST presented an increasing trend in the study area during 2001–2021,and the winter LST of the central urban regions was significantly higher than the suburbs.There was a strong UHI effect from 2001 to 2021with an expansion trend from the central urban regions to the suburbs and coastal areas in space scale.The LST of green lands and wetlands are significantly lower than croplands,artificial surface and unvegetated lands.Vegetation and water bodies had a significant mitigation effect on UHI,especially in the micro-scale.The winter UHI had been jointly driven by the underlying surface and socio-economic factors in a nonlinear or two-factor interactive enhancement mode,and socio-economic factors had played a leading role.This research could provide data support and decision-making references for rationally planning urban layout and promoting sustainable urban development.

GIS-based Ecological Control Line Planning of Landscape City

Against the background of accelerated urbanization in China, the expansion of urban land uses, especially the construction of development zones have incorporated urban development land uses, and more ecological spaces have been invaded by construction activities. However, the maintenance of urban ecological security, scientificity, integrality and continuity of ecosystem, as well as scientificity of the defining methods and the effective supervision of the basic ecological control line have become bones of contention. This paper, from the perspective of "anti-planning", synthesized the theories and methods such as urban-rural planning, ecology and GIS, coupled ecological sensitivity assessment and ecological security pattern to define the basic ecological control lines of the planning area in Anqing City. The basic ecological control line area includes ecological baseline area and ecological development area. Management and control strategies of basic ecological control line were elaborated from the following aspects: implementation of the basic ecological control line, protection and utilization of ecological resources within the lines, solutions to existing construction land within the lines, adjustment mechanism and implementation guarantee mechanism of basic ecological control line.

Construction land expansion and influencing factors of typical river valley cities in Northeast China: Taking Jilin City as an example

Jilin City is a typical river valley city in Northeast China.In this paper,the authors studied the spatial and temporal expansion characteristics of the built-up areas in Jilin City from 1990 to 2020 using the analysis of expansion speed and strength,fractal dimension,barycenter coordinate transfer index and sector analysis.The ultimate-goal is to analyze the driving and restrictive factors that affect the spatial expansion of river valley cities.The results indicate that(1)the expansion speed of urban land in Jilin City has been re-latively slow in the past 30 years,while only slightly faster in 2010–2020;(2)in the spatial dimension,Jilin City mainly expanded to the south,then to the west,and extensive expansion has resulted in complex mor-phology with little stability and compactness;(3)the expansion is affected by multiple factors,of which the positive factor is industrial development,while the restrictive factors include natural factors,population loss,etc.This study provides a case for the formulation of land use policies and land space planning in river valley cities.

基于Landsat ETM+数据的福州市土地利用/覆被与城市热岛的关系研究

在利用Landsat ETM+遥感数据提取的4种信息指数的基础上,采用决策树方法,对福州市土地利用/覆被进行分类,并运用辐射传输方程算法反演了地表温度,进而对研究区城市热岛的空间分布特征及其与土地利用/覆盖类型的关系进行定量研究.结果表明,福州市存在热岛效应,热岛空间分布与城市建成区轮廓基本一致;城市建筑用地和裸地对地表温度的贡献最大,是城市热岛的主要贡献因素,而水体和林草地具有较好的降温作用;不同土地利用/覆盖类型的地表温度存在较大差异,并且地表温度与反映土地利用/覆盖类型的4种指数在一定范围内具有明显的相关性.

基于Landsat8卫星影像的重工业城市热岛效应研究——以柳州市为例

以中国南方重工业城市广西柳州市为研究区,选择2013年12月、2014年6月Landsat8 OLI/TIRS多光谱和热红外影像为数据源,经辐射定标、大气校正等预处理后采用单窗算法反演地表温度(LST),利用决策树方法进行土地利用/覆盖分类,并分析柳州市城市热岛的时空分布特征、地表温度与土地利用/覆盖的关系等相关规律。结果表明:柳州市存在明显的热岛效应,夏季热岛强烈区域面积比冬季增加72.54%;地表温度与土地利用/覆盖有显著关系,地表平均温度表现为城市>裸地>耕地>林地>水体,在城市建成区适当增加绿化和水体面积是缓解城市热岛效应的有效方法。

基于Landsat影像的西宁市主城区热岛效应分析

利用西宁市主城区1987、2001年和2013年3个时期的Landsat遥感影像反演出了不同时期的地表温度,并对地表温度进行归一化处理后得到相应时期的热岛等级分布图。结果表明,西宁市城区的热岛效应呈先减弱后增强的态势,热岛区分布逐渐集中,主要分布在城市边缘未利用地、主城区中商业区、工业区以及城市交通线路周围;热岛效应的范围在扩展,其分布与建成区的扩展范围在空间上基本相吻合,但是强度有小幅减弱;热岛效应与植被覆盖度呈负相关,植被覆盖度每增加10%,地表温度下降约1.23℃;建设用地及未利用地的均温最高,而水体及有植被覆盖区域均温较低;绿色植被和水体有缓解热岛效应的作用,而因建成区的扩大有大规模的不透水面是热岛效应加剧的主要原因;气候和天气因素也对热岛效应有一定的影响。

Effects of Different Land Use Patterns on Soil Microbial Quantity and Activity in Hongta District,Yuxi City

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different land use patterns on soil ecological environment. [Method] Total three representative land use patterns （corn field, cherry tree land, wood land） were selected from Hongta District, Yuxi City, and under these three patterns, soil microbial quantity and activity were studied. [Result] Under the three land use patterns, soil microorganisms were domi- nated by bacteria; soil microbial quantity ranked as wood land＇s〉cheery tree land＇s〉 corn field＇s; and total microbial activity, catalase activity and urease activity all ranked as cherry tree land＇s〉wood land＇s〉corn field＇s. [Conclusion] Soil microbial activity and functions are related to farmland management measures, as well as land use pattern and soil nutrients.

基于Landsat TM的2001～2015年哈尔滨市地表温度变化特征分析

以哈尔滨市为例,基于2001年、2004年、2008年和2015年夏季Landsat TM 5/OLI 8遥感影像为基础数据源,采用＂单窗算法＂遥感技术手段定量反演瞬时地表温度格局,并深入分析温度特征,分区差异和重心变化。研究表明：2001～2015年研究区温度增加1.44℃,平均温年增0.10℃,3时段（2001～2004年、2005～2008年、2009～2015年）年均温分别增加0.08℃、0.09℃、0.12℃,具有加速上升趋势;最高温增加2.74℃,始终位于香坊区,最低温基本恒定,始终位于道里区;2001～2015年极高、高、极低温度分区面积增加4.92 km2、104.07 km2、87.71 km2,年均增量均具有持续增加趋势,中、低分区面积减少110.61 km2、84.94 km2,具有波动降低趋势,极高、高、中、低分区格局总体按照城区-城乡结合地区-乡村的水平梯度扩展;地表温度重心向东偏南70.58°方向移动536.90 m,其中6个市辖区迁移方向和距离差异明显,表明地表能量移动方向和温度重新分布的活跃程度不同。总体来看,研究区地表温度上升明显,分区时空变化剧烈,能量的轨迹移动过程具有折返特征。

基于landsat8 oli数据的合肥市热岛时空特征分析

热岛效应是一种城市化进程中所产生的特有环境问题,是一个地区的气温高于周围地区的现象。为了揭示快速城市化地区热岛的时空变化特点,利用2014年的Landsat8 oli遥感数据,通过遥感算法反演合肥市地表温度,并对合肥市热岛分布及成因加以分析,同时分析了归一化植被指数(NDVI)、归一化建筑指数(NDBI)与热岛分布的关系,以及城市下垫面对热岛效应的影响,并对城市热场进行生态评价分析。结果表明,合肥市四季均存在热岛现象,热岛强度表现为夏季最强,最高温度达57.86℃,秋季次之,春季、冬季较弱。春、夏、秋3个季节热岛多集中在主城区,冬季热岛多分布在乡镇及裸土区,城区热岛强度较弱。热岛效应多集中在不透水面和裸土区,城市冷岛多出现在水体位置。城市热岛分布与归一化植被指数呈负相关关系,与归一化建筑指数呈正相关关系。改进半径法可以较好区分城市建成区,建成区与郊区温度分布存在明显差异。

基于QUEST决策树的Landsat 8遥感影像的南京市土地分类研究

以南京市为研究对象,获取研究区域Landsat8 OLI遥感影像,利用QUEST决策树的分类方法对影像进行分类。将植被覆盖指数(NDVI)、迭代自组织数据分析技术(ISODATA)非监督分类作为地学辅助数据因子添加到分类波段中,构建多源数据集进行不同特征的融合,处理目标类别之间的非线性关系。该方法灵活性大,总精度达91.045%,Kappa系数为0.851,取得了比普通方法更好的精度。精度的提高有助于解决南京市复杂的规划、决策和管理等问题。

基于Landsat/TM资料研究东莞市地表温度地理分区

以快速城市化的典型地区广东省东莞市为例,以Landsat/TM资料为主要数据源,采用覃志豪单窗算法进行地表温度反演,计算32个区的平均地表温度,并依据各镇区平均地表温度和数字高程模型数据,进行地表温度的地理分区。结果表明:东莞市可划分为山地低温区、河网次低温、丘陵—近河网次高温区、平原高温区4个温度区间,其中山地低温区仅指谢岗镇,河网次低温区位于东莞市西北部东江河网区,丘陵—近河网次高温区包括西南部濒临珠江口的江河冲积平原、东北部的东江河滨及东部的丘陵台地,平原高温区位于中部、南部的平原地区。由此可见,地形地貌对地表温度影响显著,城市化进程必须因地制宜、合理规划。

Study on Spatial Heterogeneity of Urban Green Land Based on ETM+ Image in Shenzhen City

[Objective] To discuss the influence of the spatial heterogeneity of different green land types on their corresponding ecological efficiency and functions. [Method] ETM+ Images are utilized to classify urban green land into three categories, i.e. park green land, affiliated green land and other green lands; the principles of geostatistics are adopted to analyze their spatial heterogeneity. [Result] Spatial heterogeneity of different green land types differs greatly, which follows the scale law of 'affiliated green land < other green lands < park green land'. [Conclusion] The ecological functions and process of different green land types are different in scale; and the shapes of semi-variance functions are closely related to the spatial range, size and variety of ground objects, which however differ slightly in different directions, look similar or tend to isotropy.

Research on Regional Land Use Structure Change and Influencing Factors——A Case Study of Yining City in Xinjiang

This paper analyzes the land use status and land use structure change in 1995-2004 in Yining City, revealing that the agricultural land area has decreased rapidly, and construction land has increased dramatically. Moreover, this paper inves- tigates the relation of economy, urbanization, location, land system policy with land use structure, and puts forward rationalization proposal for optimization of land use structure, to provide reference for land use measurements in the future.