Urban shrinkage has emerged as a widespread phenomenon globally and has a significant impact on land,particularly in terms of land use and price.This study focuses on 2851 county-level cities in China in 2005–2018(ex...Urban shrinkage has emerged as a widespread phenomenon globally and has a significant impact on land,particularly in terms of land use and price.This study focuses on 2851 county-level cities in China in 2005–2018(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan,and‘no data’areas in Qinhai-Tibet Plateau)as the fundamental units of analysis.By employing nighttime light(NTL)data to identify shrinking cities,the propensity score matching(PSM)model was used to quantitatively examine the impact of shrinking cities on land prices,and evaluate the magnitude of this influence.The findings demonstrate the following:1)there were 613 shrinking cities in China,with moderate shrinkage being the most prevalent and severe shrinkage being the least.2)Regional disparities are evident in the spatial distribution of shrinking cities,especially in areas with diverse terrain.3)The spatial pattern of land price exhibits a significant correlated to the economic and administrative levels.4)Shrinking cities significantly negatively impact on the overall land price(ATT=–0.1241,P<0.05).However,the extent of the effect varies significantly among different spatial regions.This study contributes novel insights into the investigation of land prices and shrinking cities,ultimately serving as a foundation for government efforts to promote the sustainable development of urban areas.展开更多
Promoting the coupling coordination development of port and its hinterland city environments is an important way to improve urban economic competitiveness.Based on relevant data of 13 coastal port cities in eastern Ch...Promoting the coupling coordination development of port and its hinterland city environments is an important way to improve urban economic competitiveness.Based on relevant data of 13 coastal port cities in eastern China from 2000 to 2018,this study explores the coupling coordination development of port and city environments and its impact on urban economic competitiveness by constructing the coupling coordination degree model and the panel threshold model.The research results show that:(1)In terms of the coupling coordination development of port and city environments,most coastal ports and their hinterland cities are in a state of moderate or serious disorder.Overall,the degree of coupling coordination of port and city environments needs to be further improved;(2)The coupling coordination degree of port and city environments has a significant impact on urban economic competitiveness,and this effect gradually increases with the development of the ports and the urban economy.Among the variables that impact the urban economic competitiveness,fixed assets investment and foreign trade are significant factors that can enhance urban economic competitiveness.(3)At present,there is a“U-shaped”relationship between the coupling coordination degree of port-city environments and the urban economic competitiveness.This relationship lies on the right side of the inflection point of the“U-shaped”curve.Therefore,following the concept of assigning priority to ecological development,expanding fixed assets investment and actively developing foreign trade can further enhance the urban economic competitiveness.展开更多
Smart cities are a way for China to construct an innovative and environmentally conscious nation.The paper examines the impact of smart cities on corporate green governance and provides a theoretical foundation for fo...Smart cities are a way for China to construct an innovative and environmentally conscious nation.The paper examines the impact of smart cities on corporate green governance and provides a theoretical foundation for formulating and executing smart city policy in China.Based on panel data from Chinese A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2008 to 2020,this study constructs a multiperiod double-difference model to examine the influence of smart cities on corporate green governance.Additionally,it uses a spatial double-difference model to investigate the spatial spillover effect of smart cities on neighboring areas.The findings indicate that smart cities effectively enhance corporate green governance.Analyzing the influencing mechanisms reveals that resource allocation efficiency,technological innovation,management environmental awareness,and regional environmental enforcement efforts act as mediators.Furthermore,the study reveals that the impact of smart cities on promoting corporate green governance is more pronounced in regions with lower levels of marketization and resource-based cities.Moreover,the research explores the spatial spillover effects of smart cities,with an effective radius of approximately 350 km.The optimal spatial correlation zone for green governance of businesses in neighboring areas in relation to smart cities is within a range of 250-350 km.This is manifested by the significant promotion of green governance in neighboring area businesses facilitated by smart cities.展开更多
Rural-urban land conversion is a universal phenomenon in the rapid process of economic development and urban growth.The welfare of farmers who lost their farmland attracted a widespread concern within the society and ...Rural-urban land conversion is a universal phenomenon in the rapid process of economic development and urban growth.The welfare of farmers who lost their farmland attracted a widespread concern within the society and academia.However,further research about differentiated policies according to the characteristics of different farmer groups is still need to be conducted.This article divides the land-lost farmers into three age groups:younger than 45,45-65,and more than 65.It proposes a welfare index system including eight functional areas based on different age groups of affected farmers,taking four districts of Wuhan City as case study area.Fuzzy mathematics method is used to derive the aggregated welfare effect index.Our analysis show that the overall welfare levels of land-lost farmers of all age groups declined,but with a varying degree,with the level of welfare in those farmers who are 45-65 years old,younger than 45 years old,and older than 65 years old decreased by 18.7%,16.6%,and 12.7%,respectively.The direction and degree of effects on the functional activity index varies among different groups.Economic conditions,living environment,health,and social participation of all age groups decrease while social security and housing conditions increase.On the other hand,development opportunities,social communication,and leisure have different changing directions in different age stages.These results call for differentiated and tailor-made compensation policies for land-lost farmers,towards improving the welfare levels of all farmers and reduce the disparity among them.展开更多
Since the London fog in 1952, numerous epidemioLogical studies have revealed that both short-term and long-term exposure to air pollutants is associated with the development of diseases[1]. Up to date, the assessment ...Since the London fog in 1952, numerous epidemioLogical studies have revealed that both short-term and long-term exposure to air pollutants is associated with the development of diseases[1]. Up to date, the assessment of air quality on health and air quality standard establishment in developing countries were mainly relied on extrapolation based on the results from long-term cohort studies conducted in Europe and North America.展开更多
From the perspective of man–land relationship, Yancheng City(ruins of Yancheng in the Spring and Autumn Period) as a typical theme tourist destination is selected to construct the structural model of driving effect o...From the perspective of man–land relationship, Yancheng City(ruins of Yancheng in the Spring and Autumn Period) as a typical theme tourist destination is selected to construct the structural model of driving effect of tourist destination attributes on tourists' place attachment, and carry out the empirical research. The results show that attributes of Yancheng City contain 4 dimensions, and tourists' perception of the attributes declines in the sequence "recreational and entertainment attribute→ attribute of culture of the Spring and Autumn Period→ attribute of landscapes and ruins→ attribute of humanistic concern"; the four-dimension attributes vary greatly in driving tourists' place attachment, recreational and entertainment attribute and attribute of culture of the Spring and Autumn Period have obvious positive driving effect, attribute of landscapes and ruins and attribute of humanistic concern have poorer driving effect; generally speaking, driving effect of tourist destination attributes on tourists' place attachment is demonstrated as "highlighted value functions of tourist destination attributes→‘predominant area' of tourists' perceptual experience→ obvious driving effect on tourists' place attachment" and "hysteretic value functions of tourist destination attributes→‘vulnerable area' of tourists' perceptual experience→ weakened driving effect on tourists' place attachment"; driving effect of the overall attributes of tourist destination on tourists' place attachment is to be further improved and optimized.展开更多
APEC conference was held in Beijing during November 3- 12,2014. Hohhot City and Baotou City fall into the peripheral key air pollution control cities in the " Beijing- Tianjin- Hebei" region. Inner Mongolia governme...APEC conference was held in Beijing during November 3- 12,2014. Hohhot City and Baotou City fall into the peripheral key air pollution control cities in the " Beijing- Tianjin- Hebei" region. Inner Mongolia government adopted powerful pollution control measures in the period of the conference. According to pollutant concentration data and meteorological data etc. in the course of the event and the same period of last year,the atmospheric pollution variations and control effect were discussed in this study. The results showed that during October 1- 25,2014,there were 16 days with air pollution in Hohhot City and 15 days with air pollution in Baotou City,respectively increasing by 8% and 34% compared with the same period of 2013,and the concentration of particulate matter was also higher than that of last year. During October 22- 24,2014,Hohhot and Baotou cities were polluted persistently. The variation features of hourly concentration of main pollutants PM(10) and PM2. 5were similar to those in the same period of 2013. That is,the pollutant concentration reached the maximum from 21:00 to 23:00,and the minimum appeared from 15: 00 to 19: 00 in the next day. In the course of the event,the concentration of particulate matter in the two cities stared to reduce greatly on October 26. From October 26 to November 13,there were no days with air pollution in Hohhot City,decreasing by 100% compared with the same period of 2013; there were five days with air pollution in Baotou City,and the numbers of days with slight,moderate and severe pollution reduced by 37%,100% and67% respectively compared with the same period of last year. The persistent air pollution from October 22 to the first 10 days of November was related to unfavorable meteorological conditions,and the meteorological condition in the same period of 2014 was even worse. In the course of the event,the Inner Mongolia Government adopted air pollution control measures around October 25 and began to adopt some powerful pollution control measures on November 1. As a result,air pollution in key cities has been controlled effectively. This event showed that urban atmospheric pollution problem can be resolved,and we should take an optimistic attitude towards this matter.展开更多
Objective.To investigate the clinical effects of phlegm and phlegm and magnesium sulfate combined with magnesium sulfate in sea lice in Qinhuangdao City.Methods.A total of 78 patients with sea lice in Qinhuangdao City...Objective.To investigate the clinical effects of phlegm and phlegm and magnesium sulfate combined with magnesium sulfate in sea lice in Qinhuangdao City.Methods.A total of 78 patients with sea lice in Qinhuangdao City from June to May 2018 were enrolled.They were randomly divided into control group(n=39 cases)and observation group(n=39 cases).The control group was treated with magnesium sulfate.The observation group was treated with Qibai Colshi Decoction on the basisof the control group.The effect of the patients was evaluated after 5 days of treatment.The disappearance time of symptoms,inflammatory factors and adverse drug reactions were compared.Results.After treatment,the onset,pain time,skin loss,swelling time and course of treatment were shorter in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of inflammatory factors were lower than those before treatment(P<5).The levels of TNF-a,IL-6,HIS and 5-HT in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The rash,itching,drug allergy,liver and kidney were observed in the observation group and the control group.There was no significant difference in the incidence of dysfunction and blood pressure(P>0.05).Conclusion.The combination of magnesium sulfate and magnesium sulfate in the treatment of sea lice in Qinhuangdao City can shorten the disappearance of symptoms,reduce the level of inflammatory factors,and increase the incidence of adverse drug reactions.It is worthy of popularization and application.展开更多
Accompanied with the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization,the large and medium-scale valley-cities in the western China are facing environmental problems at respective levels in common. The urban environ...Accompanied with the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization,the large and medium-scale valley-cities in the western China are facing environmental problems at respective levels in common. The urban environmental pollution causes economic losses,and also brings out negative effects on urban society. Based on the social investigation method,this paper aims to study the harms to urban society brought by environmental pollution. After the investigation to the inhabitants of six typical valley-cities:Lanzhou,Xining,Chongqing,Baiyin,Luzhou and Zigong,we found that the urban environmental pollution has resulted in negative influences with different levels on residents' physical,psychological,work,recreations,studies and social activities. The problem of environmental pollution has become a serious restriction to sustainable development of cities mentioned above. Herewith,it has become urgent to strengthen the government regulations for controlling urban environmental pollution.展开更多
The studies on environmental effects of foreign trade and its spatial variations are helpful to design and implement environmental protection countermeasures.In order to eliminate the adverse effects of insufficient o...The studies on environmental effects of foreign trade and its spatial variations are helpful to design and implement environmental protection countermeasures.In order to eliminate the adverse effects of insufficient observation values on the accuracy of regression results and dynamic information quantity of fitting equation during empirical study,panel data of the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China from 1985 to 2007 were selected based on the adjustment of classical regression model in this paper.Panel unit root test and panel cointegration analysis method were applied to investigating the environmental effects of foreign trade and its spatial variations in the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China and its three groups divided by foreign trade dependence.The results show that all scale effects are positive,while all technical effects are negative and unable to counteract positive scale effects.Foreign trade development is regarded as an important cause for outstanding eco-environmental problems in the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China.Total effects and structural effects are significantly different among different groups because of spatial variations in environmental policies,export destinations,source of FDI,etc.Following the principle of′coordinating generality and considering differences comprehensively′,it is essential to issue a series of policies and countermeasures corresponding to differences in regional environmental effect of foreign trade,in order to coordinate the relationship between foreign trade development and eco-environment in each region.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42071222,41771194)。
文摘Urban shrinkage has emerged as a widespread phenomenon globally and has a significant impact on land,particularly in terms of land use and price.This study focuses on 2851 county-level cities in China in 2005–2018(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan,and‘no data’areas in Qinhai-Tibet Plateau)as the fundamental units of analysis.By employing nighttime light(NTL)data to identify shrinking cities,the propensity score matching(PSM)model was used to quantitatively examine the impact of shrinking cities on land prices,and evaluate the magnitude of this influence.The findings demonstrate the following:1)there were 613 shrinking cities in China,with moderate shrinkage being the most prevalent and severe shrinkage being the least.2)Regional disparities are evident in the spatial distribution of shrinking cities,especially in areas with diverse terrain.3)The spatial pattern of land price exhibits a significant correlated to the economic and administrative levels.4)Shrinking cities significantly negatively impact on the overall land price(ATT=–0.1241,P<0.05).However,the extent of the effect varies significantly among different spatial regions.This study contributes novel insights into the investigation of land prices and shrinking cities,ultimately serving as a foundation for government efforts to promote the sustainable development of urban areas.
基金This research is supported by Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2021JJ30304)the General Topics of Hunan Social Science Achievement Evaluation Committee of China(Grant No.XSP22YBC366)the Key Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education of China(Grant No.21B0592).
文摘Promoting the coupling coordination development of port and its hinterland city environments is an important way to improve urban economic competitiveness.Based on relevant data of 13 coastal port cities in eastern China from 2000 to 2018,this study explores the coupling coordination development of port and city environments and its impact on urban economic competitiveness by constructing the coupling coordination degree model and the panel threshold model.The research results show that:(1)In terms of the coupling coordination development of port and city environments,most coastal ports and their hinterland cities are in a state of moderate or serious disorder.Overall,the degree of coupling coordination of port and city environments needs to be further improved;(2)The coupling coordination degree of port and city environments has a significant impact on urban economic competitiveness,and this effect gradually increases with the development of the ports and the urban economy.Among the variables that impact the urban economic competitiveness,fixed assets investment and foreign trade are significant factors that can enhance urban economic competitiveness.(3)At present,there is a“U-shaped”relationship between the coupling coordination degree of port-city environments and the urban economic competitiveness.This relationship lies on the right side of the inflection point of the“U-shaped”curve.Therefore,following the concept of assigning priority to ecological development,expanding fixed assets investment and actively developing foreign trade can further enhance the urban economic competitiveness.
基金Supported National Social Science Foundation of China[Grant No.18BGL085]Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province[Grant No.KYCX23_0832].
文摘Smart cities are a way for China to construct an innovative and environmentally conscious nation.The paper examines the impact of smart cities on corporate green governance and provides a theoretical foundation for formulating and executing smart city policy in China.Based on panel data from Chinese A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2008 to 2020,this study constructs a multiperiod double-difference model to examine the influence of smart cities on corporate green governance.Additionally,it uses a spatial double-difference model to investigate the spatial spillover effect of smart cities on neighboring areas.The findings indicate that smart cities effectively enhance corporate green governance.Analyzing the influencing mechanisms reveals that resource allocation efficiency,technological innovation,management environmental awareness,and regional environmental enforcement efforts act as mediators.Furthermore,the study reveals that the impact of smart cities on promoting corporate green governance is more pronounced in regions with lower levels of marketization and resource-based cities.Moreover,the research explores the spatial spillover effects of smart cities,with an effective radius of approximately 350 km.The optimal spatial correlation zone for green governance of businesses in neighboring areas in relation to smart cities is within a range of 250-350 km.This is manifested by the significant promotion of green governance in neighboring area businesses facilitated by smart cities.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(71003041)the Fundamental Research Funds of the Central Universities(2662015PY198)
文摘Rural-urban land conversion is a universal phenomenon in the rapid process of economic development and urban growth.The welfare of farmers who lost their farmland attracted a widespread concern within the society and academia.However,further research about differentiated policies according to the characteristics of different farmer groups is still need to be conducted.This article divides the land-lost farmers into three age groups:younger than 45,45-65,and more than 65.It proposes a welfare index system including eight functional areas based on different age groups of affected farmers,taking four districts of Wuhan City as case study area.Fuzzy mathematics method is used to derive the aggregated welfare effect index.Our analysis show that the overall welfare levels of land-lost farmers of all age groups declined,but with a varying degree,with the level of welfare in those farmers who are 45-65 years old,younger than 45 years old,and older than 65 years old decreased by 18.7%,16.6%,and 12.7%,respectively.The direction and degree of effects on the functional activity index varies among different groups.Economic conditions,living environment,health,and social participation of all age groups decrease while social security and housing conditions increase.On the other hand,development opportunities,social communication,and leisure have different changing directions in different age stages.These results call for differentiated and tailor-made compensation policies for land-lost farmers,towards improving the welfare levels of all farmers and reduce the disparity among them.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program (973 program) of China (2011CB503802)the Gong-Yi Program of the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection (201209008)+2 种基金Shanghai Municipal Committee of Science and Technology (12dz1202602)Shanghai Health Bureau (GWDTR201212)the Scholarship Award for Excellent Doctoral Student granted by Ministry of Education (2011)
文摘Since the London fog in 1952, numerous epidemioLogical studies have revealed that both short-term and long-term exposure to air pollutants is associated with the development of diseases[1]. Up to date, the assessment of air quality on health and air quality standard establishment in developing countries were mainly relied on extrapolation based on the results from long-term cohort studies conducted in Europe and North America.
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation(41401152)Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Program of the Ministry of Education(14YJCZH228)2013 Key Humanities and Social Sciences Program of Nanjing Institute of Industry Technology(YK13-05-03)
文摘From the perspective of man–land relationship, Yancheng City(ruins of Yancheng in the Spring and Autumn Period) as a typical theme tourist destination is selected to construct the structural model of driving effect of tourist destination attributes on tourists' place attachment, and carry out the empirical research. The results show that attributes of Yancheng City contain 4 dimensions, and tourists' perception of the attributes declines in the sequence "recreational and entertainment attribute→ attribute of culture of the Spring and Autumn Period→ attribute of landscapes and ruins→ attribute of humanistic concern"; the four-dimension attributes vary greatly in driving tourists' place attachment, recreational and entertainment attribute and attribute of culture of the Spring and Autumn Period have obvious positive driving effect, attribute of landscapes and ruins and attribute of humanistic concern have poorer driving effect; generally speaking, driving effect of tourist destination attributes on tourists' place attachment is demonstrated as "highlighted value functions of tourist destination attributes→‘predominant area' of tourists' perceptual experience→ obvious driving effect on tourists' place attachment" and "hysteretic value functions of tourist destination attributes→‘vulnerable area' of tourists' perceptual experience→ weakened driving effect on tourists' place attachment"; driving effect of the overall attributes of tourist destination on tourists' place attachment is to be further improved and optimized.
基金Supported by the Small-scale Service Construction Program of China Meteorological Administration(Construction of Environmental Meteorological Early Warning Service System in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,Changjiang River Delta and Zhujiang River Dalta)Expert Forecaster Innovation Panel of Dust Storm and Haze in Inner MongoliaSci-tech Innovation Program of Inner Mongolia Meteorological Bureau(nmqxkjcx201411)
文摘APEC conference was held in Beijing during November 3- 12,2014. Hohhot City and Baotou City fall into the peripheral key air pollution control cities in the " Beijing- Tianjin- Hebei" region. Inner Mongolia government adopted powerful pollution control measures in the period of the conference. According to pollutant concentration data and meteorological data etc. in the course of the event and the same period of last year,the atmospheric pollution variations and control effect were discussed in this study. The results showed that during October 1- 25,2014,there were 16 days with air pollution in Hohhot City and 15 days with air pollution in Baotou City,respectively increasing by 8% and 34% compared with the same period of 2013,and the concentration of particulate matter was also higher than that of last year. During October 22- 24,2014,Hohhot and Baotou cities were polluted persistently. The variation features of hourly concentration of main pollutants PM(10) and PM2. 5were similar to those in the same period of 2013. That is,the pollutant concentration reached the maximum from 21:00 to 23:00,and the minimum appeared from 15: 00 to 19: 00 in the next day. In the course of the event,the concentration of particulate matter in the two cities stared to reduce greatly on October 26. From October 26 to November 13,there were no days with air pollution in Hohhot City,decreasing by 100% compared with the same period of 2013; there were five days with air pollution in Baotou City,and the numbers of days with slight,moderate and severe pollution reduced by 37%,100% and67% respectively compared with the same period of last year. The persistent air pollution from October 22 to the first 10 days of November was related to unfavorable meteorological conditions,and the meteorological condition in the same period of 2014 was even worse. In the course of the event,the Inner Mongolia Government adopted air pollution control measures around October 25 and began to adopt some powerful pollution control measures on November 1. As a result,air pollution in key cities has been controlled effectively. This event showed that urban atmospheric pollution problem can be resolved,and we should take an optimistic attitude towards this matter.
文摘Objective.To investigate the clinical effects of phlegm and phlegm and magnesium sulfate combined with magnesium sulfate in sea lice in Qinhuangdao City.Methods.A total of 78 patients with sea lice in Qinhuangdao City from June to May 2018 were enrolled.They were randomly divided into control group(n=39 cases)and observation group(n=39 cases).The control group was treated with magnesium sulfate.The observation group was treated with Qibai Colshi Decoction on the basisof the control group.The effect of the patients was evaluated after 5 days of treatment.The disappearance time of symptoms,inflammatory factors and adverse drug reactions were compared.Results.After treatment,the onset,pain time,skin loss,swelling time and course of treatment were shorter in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of inflammatory factors were lower than those before treatment(P<5).The levels of TNF-a,IL-6,HIS and 5-HT in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The rash,itching,drug allergy,liver and kidney were observed in the observation group and the control group.There was no significant difference in the incidence of dysfunction and blood pressure(P>0.05).Conclusion.The combination of magnesium sulfate and magnesium sulfate in the treatment of sea lice in Qinhuangdao City can shorten the disappearance of symptoms,reduce the level of inflammatory factors,and increase the incidence of adverse drug reactions.It is worthy of popularization and application.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40201016)
文摘Accompanied with the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization,the large and medium-scale valley-cities in the western China are facing environmental problems at respective levels in common. The urban environmental pollution causes economic losses,and also brings out negative effects on urban society. Based on the social investigation method,this paper aims to study the harms to urban society brought by environmental pollution. After the investigation to the inhabitants of six typical valley-cities:Lanzhou,Xining,Chongqing,Baiyin,Luzhou and Zigong,we found that the urban environmental pollution has resulted in negative influences with different levels on residents' physical,psychological,work,recreations,studies and social activities. The problem of environmental pollution has become a serious restriction to sustainable development of cities mentioned above. Herewith,it has become urgent to strengthen the government regulations for controlling urban environmental pollution.
基金Under the auspices of Major State Basic Research Development Program(No.2007FY110300)Soft Science Research Project of Chongqing Science&Technology Commission(No.CSTC2011cx-rkxA0120)Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing(No.CSTC,2009CB2015)
文摘The studies on environmental effects of foreign trade and its spatial variations are helpful to design and implement environmental protection countermeasures.In order to eliminate the adverse effects of insufficient observation values on the accuracy of regression results and dynamic information quantity of fitting equation during empirical study,panel data of the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China from 1985 to 2007 were selected based on the adjustment of classical regression model in this paper.Panel unit root test and panel cointegration analysis method were applied to investigating the environmental effects of foreign trade and its spatial variations in the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China and its three groups divided by foreign trade dependence.The results show that all scale effects are positive,while all technical effects are negative and unable to counteract positive scale effects.Foreign trade development is regarded as an important cause for outstanding eco-environmental problems in the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China.Total effects and structural effects are significantly different among different groups because of spatial variations in environmental policies,export destinations,source of FDI,etc.Following the principle of′coordinating generality and considering differences comprehensively′,it is essential to issue a series of policies and countermeasures corresponding to differences in regional environmental effect of foreign trade,in order to coordinate the relationship between foreign trade development and eco-environment in each region.