Comparison and Selection of Water Restoration Techniques for Artificial Landscape Lakes in Nantong City

As an important part of urban infrastructure,urban water system is of great and far-reaching significance for ensuring urban flood control and waterlogging safety,protecting ecological environment and building livable homes.Taking the urban water system of Nantong as an example,Nantong Water Resources Bureau issued R evision of Nantong Urban Water System Planning in 2017,and put forward the construction of the"two circles,eight lakes and nine veins"water system layout,giving new vitality to the urban water system.In view of problems existing in newly excavated artificial landscape lakes,such as fragile water ecosystem,strong eutrophication trend,poor environmental sensory effect and unsatisfactory water landscape effect,it is urgent to study the in-situ water ecological restoration technique of"algae-controlling zooplankton+submerged plant community"to build a"grass-type clear water"ecosystem for artificial landscape lakes,so as to improve the water sensory index and self-purification ability and finally realize the double improvement of"sensory effect and water quality"of artificial landscape lakes.

Landscape pattern dynamics of water body in Kaifeng city in the 20th century

Landscape spatial pattern mainly refers to the distribution of patches, which are different in size and shape in space owing to the interaction of various ecological activities. In landscape ecology study, landscape pattern has been one of the key study areas. Water body landscape plays an important role in the development history of a city, but at present city water body landscape in many cities has been destroyed, hence protecting water body in the city is becoming more and more important. In order to protect city water body landscape reasonably, the precondition is to probe the dynamics of water body landscape. Based on historical data and remote sensing data, six indexes including patch number, patch area, landscape dominance index, fractal dimension, patch density and connectivity index etc. were used to analyze landscape pattern dynamics of water body in Kaifeng city since the end of the Qing Dynasty (in the 20th century). The results showed: (1) Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, landscape area of water body in Kaifeng city increased first and then decreased from 1898 to 2002AD; the landscape dominant degree had the same changing tendency with the area. (2) Patch number of water body landscape in Kaifeng city had an increase from 1898 to 2002, but maximum area of patch, minimum area of patch and average area of patch decreased, which resulted in an increase in landscape fragment degree. (3) Connectivity index decreased and fractal dimension increased from 1898 to 2002. The reasons for these changes were the repeated overflows and flooding of the Yellow River and the influence of human activities.

Development of Prataculture and Construction of Landscape City Based on the Rule of Water and Soil Ecology

This paper explored the necessity of protecting and using grasslands, grass mountains, grass slopes and grass shallows, the significance of prataculture for the economic transformation and upgrading and urbanization, feasibility, scientificity and naturalness of landscape city construction. It was proposed that pratacultural development, construction of landscape city, agricultural, water conservancy and planning should all follow the laws of water and soil ecology, the relationship between man, water, soil, vegetation and natural environment should be handled properly, ecological balance should be kept, so as to achieve the harmony between man and nature in addition to economic development.

Landscape Architecture Development Path of Water Resource-Scarcity Cities: Summary of Jinchang City's Efforts in Constructing National Garden City

Jinchang City, a city with scarce water resources, has developed through 32 years of efforts from a small town in the Gobi desert into a medium modern city, and green coverage ratio of the downtown area has risen from 2.6% before the founding of the city to 36.11%. This paper summarized the measures adopted by Jinchang City for building national garden city.

Low-Impact Development(LID) of the Water Ecological Environment in Rural Areas: A Case Study of the Wei River Wetland in Fengxi New City of Xixian New Area

The problem of rural water ecological environment is becoming growingly prominent, and its ecological management is of great significance. From sponge cities to sponge villages, it is an effective way to use the low-impact development (LID) technology to solve rural water ecological environment problems. Through the investigation and analysis of the hydrology, soil, runoff, vegetation and other factors in the Wei River wetland of Fengxi New City of Xixian New Area, this study attempts to construct a LID route suitable for managing the rural water ecological environment in the northwest, so as to provide a reference for the construction of green infrastructure and sponge cities of rural areas in the northwest.

嘉陵江沿线古城“山-水-城”景观特征研究

嘉陵江是长江水系中第二大支流,空间上连接南北丝绸之路,是巴蜀地区重要的文化廊道。在典型山地曲流环境中,其沿线古城蕴含了丰富的山水营建智慧。从自然环境、文化环境、行政建制三方面梳理了嘉陵江沿线古城的形成基础,并以上、中、下游8个古城为例,通过历史文献系统梳理及结合GIS平台的历史地图空间转译,提炼其“山-水-城”景观特征。具体为“宏观格局把控”方面“巴蜀要冲,控扼形胜”的城市选址、“襟江带河,群山四望”的山水格局、“江山聚结,生气聚集”的风水脉络;“中微观空间结构塑造”方面“迎山接水,不拘一格”的城市空间结构、“依形江山,因地制宜”的城市功能营建;以及“沿江山集群,南北人文关联”的“跨尺度风景审美经营”等在地特征,以期为巴蜀文化遗产保护与传承、西南山地宜居城乡建设提供参考。

治水·理景·赋文 广州西关水文化景观的塑造与重塑

中国沿海历史城市的水文化景观是如何逐步塑造,又如何实现重塑和复兴?水环境、滨水景观和水文化是此类研究需重视的共性因素。在陆进水退的过程中,广州西关凭借河网交织的地理位置和禀赋积累了丰富的治水理水经验,形成了水陆交织的景观体系和水文化,在不同的时期创造了迭代更替的文化景观胜景。但在近现代城市化过程中,这些胜景的隐退造成了水文化景观的中断甚至匮乏。文章总结了西关水文化景观“治水、理景、赋文”的历史模式、演变动力,及其当代尝试,为当下滨水历史街区及相关遗产群落的保护传承提供了一种新的研究视角和经验启迪。文章认为,荔枝湾及其周边老街坊的活力再生是一次有益于水文化景观可持续与遗产城市化的实践探索。

滨水生态驳岸对水体的净化效果研究——以南昌市象湖湿地公园为例

为研究滨水生态驳岸对水体的净化效果,本文以南昌市象湖湿地公园生态驳岸为例,通过重新构建生态驳岸植物群落等工程改造,监测和评价生态驳岸工程改造前后示范段的近岸水体净化效果。结果表明,改造前,区域内各水体的污染程度均较严重,原硬质驳岸、自然缓坡和木桩驳岸的近岸水质均为地表水Ⅴ类或Ⅴ类以下,以总氮为主要污染物,而总磷的污染程度较小。改造完成后,区域内的主要水体水质上升为地表水Ⅲ类,透明度明显增大;仅有局部的微小区域水质仍为Ⅴ类,但其污染指数已有明显降低。因此,生态驳岸的营建和滨水地带植物群落的合理布局,结合污染控制,能够较好地保护和重建水陆边缘地带的自然生态过程及岸栖生物栖息环境,有效地发挥其生态系统边缘效应,形成自然优美、生态功能持续稳定的湖泊湿地景观。

基于海绵城市理论的城市公园景观设计研究

近年来,我国城镇化建设快速发展,城市化进程不仅带来了经济繁荣,也伴随着一系列严峻的环境问题。快速城市化导致的城市水体污染、内涝、水资源短缺等城市雨水问题,对居民日常生活造成了不可忽视的影响。为了应对这些挑战,我国提出了“海绵城市”这一创新性建设理念。城市公园拥有大规模的绿地和水体,是雨水储存再利用的天然容器,也是海绵城市建设的主要载体。基于此,文章围绕海绵城市理念展开研究,以城市公园景观为研究对象,探索将海绵城市理论融入城市公园景观设计的策略和方法,以期为后续海绵城市和公园景观的建设提供参考。

热环境内不同类型水体降温效应的时空变化及景观影响

探索不同类型水体降温效应的时空变化特征,可为缓解城市热环境问题提供理论支持。基于Landsat遥感数据,以福州市2002-2020年典型湖泊、河流为例,利用缓冲分析法定量描述不同类型水体降温效应的时空变化;对湖泊采用网格分析法、河流采用等距离分段分析法,探讨了水体周边景观特征对不同类型水体降温效应的影响。结果表明:(1)福州市中心城区热环境问题加剧,水体成为环境内部的主要“冷源”;(2)城市河流比城市湖泊更具备“冷岛”潜力;(3)湖泊的降温效应受周边植被占比、建设用地占比影响较大,在湖泊周边120 m内,当绿地面积占比>34%时,建设用地面积占比<48%,湖泊与绿地的综合降温效果最好;(4)河流的降温效应受周边植被占比、建设用地占比及裸地占比影响较大,在河流周边180 m内,当绿地面积占比>44%时,建议建设用地面积占比<31%,河流可产生最大的降温效应。在未来城市规划中,水体周边景观的合理布设将有助于水体发挥最佳降温效果。

基于SWMM的东平县中心城区低影响开发设施规模量化与布局

低影响开发设施可有效应对全球极端气候和城市化进程带来的城市内涝问题,目前,在城区尺度进行低影响开发设施规模量化与布局的研究还不多见。文章提出系统的LID规模量化和空间布局的方法,并以东平县中心城区为例进行实证研究,通过构建SWMM模型进行验证。以中心城区年径流总量控制率75%为目标,共布局LID面积984.25hm^(2),主要分布于96处内涝易发点。其中,雨水花园、绿色屋顶、透水铺装和下沉绿地建设面积分别为107.60hm^(2)、7.50hm^(2)、660.96hm^(2)和208.19hm^(2),总调蓄容积为670590m^(3)。经模型模拟验证,东平县中心城区年径流总量控制率提升至75.72%,达到预期目标。老城区、东平经济开发区、滨河新区、白佛山组团和大清河组团的最大峰值径流量分别削减56.65%、55.36%、53.02%、48.60%和2.90%。研究可为城区尺度LID布局设计提供理论支撑和科学依据。

基于“水美城市”理念的城市滨江景观设计探究——以延平湖三江六岸景观工程为例

文中以延平湖三江六岸景观工程为例,详细阐述了设计的框架和生态恢复,并在此基础上,重点探讨了道路交通规划、建筑利用、景观节点建设、构筑物设计、文化保护与开发以及滨水景观生态恢复性设计等多个方面问题,旨在实现城市与自然的和谐共生,打造美丽宜居的滨江景观。

“海绵城市”在园林规划中的应用研究

为促进生态文明建设、保护与改善城市水资源环境,文中基于“海绵城市”理论与园林规划问题,以国内外城市与公园为研究案例,系统梳理了“海绵城市”的实践进展。研究总结了“海绵系统”在城市生态景观应用中的具体操作与可行性,并为建设与发展“海绵城市”生态园林景观提供了参考价值。

How to Calculate Stormwater Management and Storage Capacity for Urban Green Space: Multidisciplinary Methods Used in Shanghai City

In order to relieve urban environmental problems due to stormwater runoff,approaches involving the planning of green space for sponge city construction were previously proposed.In this study,water retention characteristics of 168 green spaces are surveyed to develop estimates of stormwater retention in Shanghai City’s center,suburbs and outskirts.Multidisciplinary methods of community investigation,soil tests,artificial rainfall simulation experiments,and simulations in Autodesk storm and sanitary analysis(SSA)and storm water management model(SWMM)are used.The factors affecting the capacity of stormwater management are identified and used to calculate storage estimates.The relationships among rainfall interception capacity(RIC),runoff,soil water storage properties,and vegetative cover are analyzed,which can provide the theoretical foundation for the assessment of the water-holding capacity in urban green spaces.A criterion for the selection of low impact development(LID)techniques for the Shanghai area is developed on the basis of the data from this study.

水适应性景观对城市发展影响研究——以合肥为例

水适应性景观是人—水不断融合、共处而形成的景观综合体,对城市发展具有重要的影响作用。以合肥城市为例,基于区域水文环境特征,分析了合肥环城公园水适应性景观构建所呈现的单点式城市格局,滨湖水适应性景观营建所呈现的多点式城市发展格局,以及环巢湖生态示范区水适应性景观规划所呈现的通江达海城市发展格局。在此基础上,提出水适应性景观是解决城市防洪、排水和水源问题的载体,在构建其网络化格局的同时影响着城市发展。并进一步指出合肥城市独特的水适应性景观是人类的一种生存艺术,在目前我国城市水问题日益突出的形势下研究其对城市发展的影响,无疑具有重要的现实意义。

极端降雨条件下的城市水安全景观建设

随着城市化进程的加快,我国越来越多的人口向城市聚集,城市建成区面积不断扩大。相应的,从城市水文的角度看,不透水下垫面的面积和比例也在不断提高。当城市发生降雨事件时,由于城市中存在着大量的硬化下垫面,短期内无法下渗的雨水将形成径流,城市发生洪涝的风险等级将不断提升。实际上,在欧洲等国家和地区,在场地尺度已有关于极端降雨景观的实践研究,这些设计理念将对极端降雨下我国的水安全景观设计具有较强的引导和启发作用。

基于节水型园林的北方城市水景设计探讨

提出了基于节水型园林建设要求下水景设计的观点,并从水景设计中考虑冬夏季水景营建的不同效果,旱园水作,利用人的视觉感受和非常规水及提高从业人员节水意识等5个方面探讨了北方城市水景的设计对策。

水环境容量核算在城市发展模式比选中的应用

不同城市发展发展模式对水环境质量的要求如何通过水环境容量核算来量化,是城市环境规划要解决的一个主要课题。文章将水环境容量理论运用于城市发展模式比选,分析了不同城市发展模式对水环境质量的要求存在的差异,并以某城市的具体河流为例,采用一维模型根据我国未来城市发展的两种模式——山水园林城市、生态园林城市控制目标下的不同标准对水环境的要求在各自模式下水环境容量进行了核算,探讨了城市发展模式标准之间的差异对水容量核算的影响及核算结果对城市模式选择的意义。

沁河流域水环境约束分区与景观格局优化

以沁河流域(山西省晋城市段)为例,将流域划分为2个一级评价单元和14个二级评价单元,从自然环境因素和社会经济因素选择相应指标进行评价;在此基础上,基于GIS技术和生态因子叠置法,从水环境敏感性和水环境压力2个方面综合考虑了流域水环境现状,根据水环境敏感性和水环境压力的等级划分,将流域水环境划分为低压低敏感区域、低压高敏感区域、高压低敏感区域和高压高敏感区域4类区域,针对各类区域的现状提出了相应的景观格局调整方案并提出了全流域的景观格局布置思路.山地生态系统和平原生态系统有机结合的生态网络格局,将有力改善沁河流域的水环境现状.

基于GIS的上海市河道及其水污染空间特征分析

在GIS支持下,对上海市的河道及其水质污染的空间格局进行分析,并进一步分析了水质污染面积与景观格局指数之间的关系.结果表明,上海市河道的水面率、河道密度、边界密度、分形数的空间分布特征表现为中心城区低,郊区高的趋势;河道水质污染在空间上呈现中心城区严重污染,近郊区到远郊区水质污染逐步减轻的趋势;而河道水质污染面积与河道景观空间指数之间呈现显著正相关,定量分析表明,河道污染水面积的对数与河道的边界密度之间满足非线性关系.