China is aggressively pursuing digital transformation,and data,alike labor,technology,capital,and knowledge,has become as a crucial factor of production.Digital transformation is accelerating the emergence of a data-i...China is aggressively pursuing digital transformation,and data,alike labor,technology,capital,and knowledge,has become as a crucial factor of production.Digital transformation is accelerating the emergence of a data-intensive society,and the ensuing difficulties of balancing freedom and responsibility,openness and security,as well as free sharing and legal regulation are posing new challenges to national and social governance.Among these challenges,defining data ownership,the social disorder and anomie brought about by the unclear definition of data ownership,and data ownership regulatory path are new propositions that need to be urgently addressed in this data-intensive society.This paper systematically explains the theoretical meaning and practical value of data ownership through a literature review on the analysis of domestic and foreign scholars as well as research think tanks,compares the differences and inherent conflicts between the definition of data ownership by the government,enterprises,and society in China,thoroughly compares the definition standards of the European Union,the United States,and Japan,and on this basis,discusses the formation of a definition of data ownership that meets the requirements of China’s digital transformation.展开更多
This study provides a definition for urban big data while exploring its features and applications of Chi- na＇s city intelligence. The differences between city intelligence in China and the ＂smart city＂ concept in o...This study provides a definition for urban big data while exploring its features and applications of Chi- na＇s city intelligence. The differences between city intelligence in China and the ＂smart city＂ concept in other countries are compared to highlight and contrast the unique definition and model for China＇s city intelligence in this paper. Furthermore, this paper examines the role of urban big data in city intel- ligence by showing that it not only serves as the cornerstone of this trend as it also plays a core role in the diffusion of city intelligence technology and serves as an inexhaustible resource for the sustained development of city intelligence. This study also points out the challenges of shaping and developing of China＇s urban big data. Considering the supporting and core role that urban big data plays in city intel- ligence, the study then expounds on the key points of urban big data, including infrastructure support, urban governance, public services, and economic and industrial development. Finally, this study points out that the utility of city intelligence as an ideal policy tool for advancing the goals of China＇s urban de- velopment. In conclusion, it is imperative that China make full use of its unique advantages-including using the nation＇s current state of development and resources, geographical advantages, and good hu- man relations-in subjective and objective conditions to promote the development of city intelligence through the proper application of urban big data.展开更多
Applications of the multivariate technique called correspondence analysis for environmental studies are relatively new and are limited to spatial multivariate data set. In this paper, a procedure of applying correspon...Applications of the multivariate technique called correspondence analysis for environmental studies are relatively new and are limited to spatial multivariate data set. In this paper, a procedure of applying correspondence analysis to a large space-time data set for multiple environmental variables is shown. In particular, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide hourly concentrations measured during January 1999 at several monitored stations in a district of Northern Italy are analyzed. The procedure consists in transforming the continuous variables into categorical ones by the means of appropriate indicator variables, generating special contingency tables and applying correspondence analysis. The use of this classical multivariate technique allows the identification of important relationships among pollution levels and monitoring stations and/or relationships among pollution levels and observation times.展开更多
The existing researches on the influence of information and communication technology （ICT） are mainly focused on human activity, whilst with few efforts on urban space. In the e-society, the widespread adoption of 1...The existing researches on the influence of information and communication technology （ICT） are mainly focused on human activity, whilst with few efforts on urban space. In the e-society, the widespread adoption of 1CT devices not only affects almost every aspect of people＇s daily life and thereby reshapes the spatial development of regions and cities, but also generates a large amount of real-time activity data with location information. These georeferenced data, however, have relatively recently attracted attention from geographers. Adapted from Lynch＇s framework based on people＇s perceptions, this paper proposes a framework of urban spatial struc- ture based on people＇s actual activity, including five elements, namely activity path, activity node, central activity zone （CAZ）, activity district, and activity edge. In the empirical study, by using one week＇s check-in tweets （from February 25 to March 3 in 2013） collected in Nanjing City, the five elements are recognized and analyzed. Through the comparison between our results and urban spatial structure based on population （and land use）, we argue that ICT uses： 1） lead to polarize, rather than to smooth, the urban structural hierarchy, due to the dual role of distance; 2） enable a partial decoupling of activity and activity space node, which challenges our conventional under- standing of the role of home and the utility of travel; 3） blur the boundaries of activity districts and hence may play a positive role in enriching districts＇ functions, which should not be overlooked in the current urban transformation in China.展开更多
为探索合肥市存量土地资源的高效利用模式,形成功能齐全、布局合理的城市商业网点发展体系,本研究以ArcGIS空间分析和网格法为基础,通过对合肥市空间可达性与商业网点POI(Point of Interest)数据的有机结合,构建了城市商业空间结构研究...为探索合肥市存量土地资源的高效利用模式,形成功能齐全、布局合理的城市商业网点发展体系,本研究以ArcGIS空间分析和网格法为基础,通过对合肥市空间可达性与商业网点POI(Point of Interest)数据的有机结合,构建了城市商业空间结构研究的新思路。利用sDNA(spatial Design Network Analysis)模型测算合肥市各网格的空间可达性,将二者进行耦合分析,从而在POI数据和可达性的双重约束下对城市商业空间结构的特征类型进行识别。结果表明:商业网点POI密度等级与可达性相同的网格数量最多,商业网点POI密度等级高于可达性的网格数量次之,商业网点POI密度等级低于可达性的网格数量最少。研究可为合肥市商业空间结构研究及总体规划布局提供科学方法和决策依据。展开更多
以太原市主城区作为研究区域,基于兴趣点(Point of Interest, POI)数据,采用核密度分析、局部Getis-OrdGI~*指数等方法,对城市商业空间格局进行了研究,在其现有商业空间格局的基础上借助等值线树法对商业中心进行了识别,并对各类行业的...以太原市主城区作为研究区域,基于兴趣点(Point of Interest, POI)数据,采用核密度分析、局部Getis-OrdGI~*指数等方法,对城市商业空间格局进行了研究,在其现有商业空间格局的基础上借助等值线树法对商业中心进行了识别,并对各类行业的空间分布及集聚特征进行了对比分析。结果表明:太原市主城区商业空间已经形成了以柳巷、朝阳以及亲贤北街商圈为中心向外围扩散的分布格局,体现出汾河以东集中连片、汾河以西零星分散的分布特征;识别出太原市主城区内46个基本商业中心,其中以柳巷、朝阳—双塔、体育路—亲贤北街为主城区三大核心商业中心;各类行业空间聚集表现不同,生活服务类、购物服务类以及餐饮服务类行业分布范围广、集聚程度小,医疗保健类、商务服务类、金融服务类行业分布范围小、集聚程度高。展开更多
文摘China is aggressively pursuing digital transformation,and data,alike labor,technology,capital,and knowledge,has become as a crucial factor of production.Digital transformation is accelerating the emergence of a data-intensive society,and the ensuing difficulties of balancing freedom and responsibility,openness and security,as well as free sharing and legal regulation are posing new challenges to national and social governance.Among these challenges,defining data ownership,the social disorder and anomie brought about by the unclear definition of data ownership,and data ownership regulatory path are new propositions that need to be urgently addressed in this data-intensive society.This paper systematically explains the theoretical meaning and practical value of data ownership through a literature review on the analysis of domestic and foreign scholars as well as research think tanks,compares the differences and inherent conflicts between the definition of data ownership by the government,enterprises,and society in China,thoroughly compares the definition standards of the European Union,the United States,and Japan,and on this basis,discusses the formation of a definition of data ownership that meets the requirements of China’s digital transformation.
文摘This study provides a definition for urban big data while exploring its features and applications of Chi- na＇s city intelligence. The differences between city intelligence in China and the ＂smart city＂ concept in other countries are compared to highlight and contrast the unique definition and model for China＇s city intelligence in this paper. Furthermore, this paper examines the role of urban big data in city intel- ligence by showing that it not only serves as the cornerstone of this trend as it also plays a core role in the diffusion of city intelligence technology and serves as an inexhaustible resource for the sustained development of city intelligence. This study also points out the challenges of shaping and developing of China＇s urban big data. Considering the supporting and core role that urban big data plays in city intel- ligence, the study then expounds on the key points of urban big data, including infrastructure support, urban governance, public services, and economic and industrial development. Finally, this study points out that the utility of city intelligence as an ideal policy tool for advancing the goals of China＇s urban de- velopment. In conclusion, it is imperative that China make full use of its unique advantages-including using the nation＇s current state of development and resources, geographical advantages, and good hu- man relations-in subjective and objective conditions to promote the development of city intelligence through the proper application of urban big data.
文摘Applications of the multivariate technique called correspondence analysis for environmental studies are relatively new and are limited to spatial multivariate data set. In this paper, a procedure of applying correspondence analysis to a large space-time data set for multiple environmental variables is shown. In particular, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide hourly concentrations measured during January 1999 at several monitored stations in a district of Northern Italy are analyzed. The procedure consists in transforming the continuous variables into categorical ones by the means of appropriate indicator variables, generating special contingency tables and applying correspondence analysis. The use of this classical multivariate technique allows the identification of important relationships among pollution levels and monitoring stations and/or relationships among pollution levels and observation times.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40971094)
文摘The existing researches on the influence of information and communication technology （ICT） are mainly focused on human activity, whilst with few efforts on urban space. In the e-society, the widespread adoption of 1CT devices not only affects almost every aspect of people＇s daily life and thereby reshapes the spatial development of regions and cities, but also generates a large amount of real-time activity data with location information. These georeferenced data, however, have relatively recently attracted attention from geographers. Adapted from Lynch＇s framework based on people＇s perceptions, this paper proposes a framework of urban spatial struc- ture based on people＇s actual activity, including five elements, namely activity path, activity node, central activity zone （CAZ）, activity district, and activity edge. In the empirical study, by using one week＇s check-in tweets （from February 25 to March 3 in 2013） collected in Nanjing City, the five elements are recognized and analyzed. Through the comparison between our results and urban spatial structure based on population （and land use）, we argue that ICT uses： 1） lead to polarize, rather than to smooth, the urban structural hierarchy, due to the dual role of distance; 2） enable a partial decoupling of activity and activity space node, which challenges our conventional under- standing of the role of home and the utility of travel; 3） blur the boundaries of activity districts and hence may play a positive role in enriching districts＇ functions, which should not be overlooked in the current urban transformation in China.
文摘以太原市主城区作为研究区域,基于兴趣点(Point of Interest, POI)数据,采用核密度分析、局部Getis-OrdGI~*指数等方法,对城市商业空间格局进行了研究,在其现有商业空间格局的基础上借助等值线树法对商业中心进行了识别,并对各类行业的空间分布及集聚特征进行了对比分析。结果表明:太原市主城区商业空间已经形成了以柳巷、朝阳以及亲贤北街商圈为中心向外围扩散的分布格局,体现出汾河以东集中连片、汾河以西零星分散的分布特征;识别出太原市主城区内46个基本商业中心,其中以柳巷、朝阳—双塔、体育路—亲贤北街为主城区三大核心商业中心;各类行业空间聚集表现不同,生活服务类、购物服务类以及餐饮服务类行业分布范围广、集聚程度小,医疗保健类、商务服务类、金融服务类行业分布范围小、集聚程度高。
