A SUMMARY OF THE CIVIL AVIATION LAW

Early in 1979,China beganconsidering the drawing up of alaw to govern and standardize theactivities of its civil air operations. At that time,air legislation wassomething nonexistent in China.Thedraft team assembled forces totranslate the air laws of various foreigncountries,including the United States,Britain,Japan and the former SovietUnion,and the relevant internationalconventions,and conducted a deep-going study of them.They also madeinspection tours of the United States,Canada,Britain and Germany.Onthe basis of the study of and withreference to the advanced legislativepractices in foreign countries,thedraft team put forward its first draft ofthe air law in July 1983,in accordancewith the actual conditions of thecountry.It was not,however,submitted to an executive meetingof the State Council for examinationand discussion because a series ofmajor problems such as air trafficcontrol and the control over theairworthiness of aircraft,had to befurther investigated and studied.

On China’s Civil Law Codification and the Development of China’s Civil Law Scholarship

The development of the theoretical system of civil law scholarship and the codification of civil law are closely related and of promotional function to each other.The codification of civil law can promote the systematization of civil law scholarship,perfection of the value system,development and modernization of civil law studies,and the systematization of legal hermeneutics.The subjectivity of China’s civil law scholarship,i.e.,the notions of problem-orientation,nativeness,practice,the times and innovations,can be improved during China’s civil law codification.The codification of civil law can promote the development of a theoretical system of civil law scholarship with Chinese characteristics,including the development of diversified elements such as values,content,system,hermeneutics and methods of civil law.

On the protection of the right of privacy of patients by the civil law

The development of China＇s medical industry is very fast, which has provided a great help for people, but in the process, there are also a lot of problems violating the privacy of the patients. Based on these circumstances, we must offer the maximum protection of the privacy of the patients. From the point of view of the civil law, the medical institutions or the medical professionals must respect the patients, and protect the patients＇ privacy, so as to build a more harmonious relationship between the doctors and the patients.

The Notion of Efficiency in China’s Civil Law Scholarship

The pursuit of economic efficiency is the major driver for the birth of contemporary Chinese civil law.Contemporary civil law scholarship has demonstrated a serious concern for efficiency from the very beginning.However,many examples suggest that the notion of economic efficiency is often diluted or replaced by factors like civil law doctrinal scholasticism,moral notions,inertial thinking of the planned economy or the will of the leader.It has not been systematically attended to or expressed in a detailed and precise way in the contemporary civil law scholarship in China,rendering some economic judgments uneconomical.In the 21 st century,it is necessary for the civil law studies to establish a clearer and more precise notion of efficiency,to conduct more direct and accurate evaluations on civil laws’incentives on people’s behaviors and their socio-economic effects,so as to reduce the cost of social interactions and promote deeper cooperation and winwin outcome among individuals.

How does the Civil Code Process the Civil and Commercial Relations According to the Insurance Law

The relationship between the civil law and commercial law is a long-standing issue of controversy in the area of private law, and it is also an issue of unavoidably legislative selection during the codification the civil code in almost every country. Since the founding of the People Republic of China, China has carried out the codification of civil code for four times, and since the part^s eighteen plenary session officially proposed the ＇codification of civil code＇, the issue of the civil and conmaercial relation draws the attention again, either unification or division of civil and commercial law directly affects the system and content of the civil code, and affects how to process the relationship between the civil law and commercial law during the codification of the civil code as well. The codification of the civil code should not only consider the legislative tradition of the civil and commercial legislation and the current legal system, but also pursue characteristics of the commercial law, in a system of combining civil and commercial law, through adding commercial law into the general principle of civil law; the existing commercial law should be separately retained.

The Protection of the Right to Dignity in the Connection and Interaction between the Constitution and Civil Law

In the report of 19;National Congress of the Communist Party of China,General Secretary Xi Jinping said that China seeks to"accelerate development of the crime prevention and control system,combat and punish in accordance with law all illegal and criminal activities such as pornography,gambling,drug abuse,gang violence,kidnapping,and fraud,and protect people’s personal rights,property rights,and right

美国生物安全信息披露豁免制度研究——以“Civil Beat Law Center诉CDC案”为例

美国在以《自由信息法案》为核心的信息披露制度体系中,通过衔接《公共卫生安全和生物恐怖主义预防和应对法案》,将生物安全信息披露豁免纳入政府信息披露豁免规则之中。本文基于Civil Beat Law Center诉CDC信息披露豁免案来分析美国生物安全信息披露豁免所涉法律适用、解释原则、运行方式等,试洞见其相关披露制度运行的特点和所存在的问题,以期能有助于国内相关的研究。

两大法系背景下的制止不正当竞争保护

按照《保护工业产权巴黎公约》和《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》,制止不正当竞争是对人类某些智力活动成果保护的规则。在制止不正当竞争的保护方面,以法国和德国为代表的大陆法系国家,与以英国和美国为代表的英美法系国家,采取了不同的保护模式或做法,进而影响了相关国际公约的规定。我们应当在充分了解两大法系的保护模式和做法基础上,进一步修改我国《反不正当竞争法》,从事相关的学术和理论研究。

构建现代中华法治文明新形态的契机与路径

中华法治文明是中华文明的重要组成部分,中华文明既是世界文明的源头之一,又是世界上唯一实现5000年连续发展未曾中断过的文明体。中华法系是世界公认的五大法系之一,是法治文明具有标识意义的重要概念。中华法系彰显了中华民族伟大的创造力和法制文明的深厚底蕴,要素化复兴是新时代中华法系复兴嬗变的方向,中华法系孕育了良法善治的多维图景。中国特色社会主义法治道路肇始于中华法系,中国特色社会主义法治体系是新时代的新中华法系。中国式现代化是植根于中华优秀传统文化的现代化,中华优秀传统文化对现代化具有强大韧性和适应性。改革开放要有新突破就必须进一步解放思想,“又一次思想解放”的关键是破除对西方式现代化的迷信,既不能用西方现代化的模式来套解中国式现代化,也不能用中国过去的经验来束缚今天的现代化实践,要努力去推动马克思主义中国化、时代化达到一个更新的境界。构建现代中华法治文明新形态的路径是:强化当代人复兴中华法系的文化使命与担当,建构新时代中国独立自主的法学知识体系,大力推进中国特色社会主义法治实践进程,为人类文明新形态建设提供有力的理论支撑。

民用航空法定义及其法律体系再审视

将民用航空法定义为调整民用航空活动所产生的社会关系的法律规范,这一定义应包含狭义与广义两个方面。狭义的民用航空法仅指以民用航空法或以相关航空专业命名的法律规范的总称;从广义而言,是指调整因民用航空活动所产生的社会关系的法律规范的总称,包括狭义的航空法定义以及航空活动所涉及的其他法律规范中调整民航法律关系的法律规范(规范的集合)。与之相对应的民用航空法律体系也应有狭义和广义之区别。广义民航法律体系,既包括传统的航空法律体系,也包括调整民航活动的其他主要法律规范。

我国农村生态文明法治建设面临的挑战与应对

农村生态文明法治建设的当代价值体现在有利于习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的贯彻落实,有利于乡村振兴战略的全面推进,有利于共同富裕目标的扎实推进。在实践中,农村生态文明法治建设面临立法不健全、执法不严格、主体法治意识不足和监督体系不完善等现实挑战。我国应该通过健全农村生态文明法治立法、强化农村生态文明法治建设中的执法力度、增强农村生态文明法治建设相关主体的法治意识和完善农村生态文明法律监督体系等措施来推进农村生态文明法治建设。

个人信息保护公益诉讼制度建构路径优化——基于实体法与程序法交互方法

个人信息保护公益诉讼兼具实体法与程序法双重属性,基于实体法或程序法单一维度的制度建构将会陷入“一元观”困境。实体法与程序法交互为个人信息保护公益诉讼程序建构提供一种实体法关照。通过优化最具交互特征的三个支点:受案范围、责任形式和证明责任,不仅能够促进个人信息保护公益诉讼制度建构的二元论,也有利于推动实体法与程序法的一体化衔接,实现司法程序正义与实质正义。其一,从实体法维度,将“不特定多数人”公共利益说作为基础,增加“规模性”与“无差别性”的标准,解决受案范围“众多个人权益”的程序判断难题。其二,从程序法维度,通过诉讼信托的方式,允许原告受让惩罚性赔偿请求权,解决惩罚性赔偿这一责任形式缺乏实体适用空间难题。其三,从交互维度,一方面承认法官裁量分配证明责任,解决“规范说”在新型复杂案件的实体失范难题;另一方面设定证明责任减轻的请求权基础,解决裁判失度的程序适用难题。

民法理论的古典体系及其界限

在自由这一价值的指引下,主观权利、法律关系和法律主体三者,共同支撑起了民法理论的古典体系,奠定了近代民法秩序的基础。然而,以德国为例,《德国民法典》中固有的、与古典体系不符的诸多规定,以及随着社会发展而出现的、溢出古典体系的新命题,在教义学建构的过程中不断动摇着古典体系的核心地位。对此,本文尝试结合主观权利论和法律行为论的相关探讨,指出草率地舍弃古典体系并非正确的解决之道,学者们应在正确认识并厘清古典体系界限的前提下,尝试通过法律解释、法律补充等方法对其进行改良,以期在顺应时代脚步的同时,尽可能维持民法理论作为市民法的稳定性。

建构中国自主知识体系下的民法立人教学

民法中蕴含的立人之道是师者应传之道,是民法立人教学的重要内容。立人教学的总纲是实现中国式现代化的人像观,实施路径是挖掘民法理论、制度等内容在立人骨、示人范和启人性方面的内理逻辑,赋予其立人的具体意义。其中,阐明中国民法学知识体系中具有自主性的原创制度在立人方面的深远意义,尤为立人教学的点睛之笔。

民事诉讼法下民事程序三位一体研究

我国民事诉讼法于2021年和2023年两次重新修订,新法将独任制审判组织适用于一审及二审的普通程序中,改变了旧有的审判组织与审理程序互相捆绑的格局,并扩大了小额诉讼程序的适用范围,就此建立了一审终审小额诉讼程序、独任制审理程序、合议制审理程序三阶层的程序架构。在新的程序结构调整应用过程中,为了避免效率与公平顾此失彼,民事审判需要法官针对不同案件特征,划定“民事”与“商事”两个基本场域,适用不同的理念和规则,并在三程序互动联通机制完善的同时,通过良知的树立、自由的限制及真理的探究,引导民事审判权力在有效监督中正向运行。

Legal Systems and Economic Development:The Case of Aruba Post-Coronavirus

This paper intends to critically review some of the challenges rooted in Aruba’s civil law legal heritage in stimulating a post-corona economic recovery which should ideally be driven towards economic diversification.It also seeks to contextualize the effect of Aruba’s civil law system on economic growth compared to other Caribbean states with similar size,population,and tourism dependency but with legal systems rooted in the common law.This paper’s methodological approach is meta-analytical and includes a critique of the labor laws as well as the substantive role of the state in driving economic performance that is a normative feature in some civil law states.It posits that Aruba’s economic responsiveness,to the coronavirus should consider legal origins as a factor that limits its capacity and capability to execute an effective restructuring of tired economic paradigms and introduce new economic models that would challenge its mono-economic status.

试论中国民法学自主知识体系的构建

《民法典》的颁布为中国民法学知识体系的构建提供了依据和准绳,中国民法学自主知识体系应当体现本土性、借鉴性、原创性、时代性、科学性、实践性等特点。构建中国民法学自主知识体系应当以《民法典》的体系为基础,分别构建物权、合同、人格权、婚姻家庭、继承、侵权责任的制度体系。中国民法学自主知识体系的构建应当以民事权益为中心,以私法自治和人文关怀为价值。同时,民法学研究要面向高科技、大数据时代,面向市场经济,面向中国实际需要,从而构建中国民法学知识体系。

中国民法学自主性知识体系构建的方法论

中国民法学自主性知识体系是以中国民事司法实践为基础而建立的体系,具有鲜明的中国时代特色、实践特色。民法典的颁布,并不意味着建立自主性知识体系这一任务的完成。在传统民法强大的价值导向下,如果不遵循民法方法论的警醒与自觉,则会在既有的道路上越走越远。遗憾的是,现有民法方法论的司法论以及法教义学与社科法学的继受主义并没有实现这一转变。基于民法典的结构主义与转变的社会现实的需求,亟需构建功能主义释意模式。功能主义释意模式满足了民法典法教义学的需求,也实现了规范主义与现代化改革的融洽,理应成为建构中国民法自主性知识体系的方法论。只有实现中国民法方法论的自主,才能实现中国民法的自主。

司法组织改革措施之游移与锚定——以法院组织法与民诉法交叉内容为切入点

作为规范人民法院设置、组织和职权的基本法律,法院组织法规定了人民法院以何种组织形式开展(民事)审判活动以及审判组织在(民事)诉讼中的职责;作为调整民事诉讼法律关系的基本法律,民事诉讼法对人民法院从事民事审判活动的行为及职责作出规定。因此,两部法律在人民法院的规定上存在交叉内容。从理论角度分析,交叉内容应当是一致的。但由于分属不同法律部门,且发展亦不同步,因此,现阶段两部法律的交叉内容有相异之处。立法上的差异给人民法院进行民事审判及当事人参加诉讼造成了困扰。在锚定法院组织法与民事诉讼法关系的基础上,对交叉内容进行分析、厘清产生差异的原因、进而提出消弭差异的建议,以供立法完善时参考。

《民法典》背景下医学影像学科医疗法律风险管理研究

医学影像学科具有科技含量高、漏诊和误诊率高的特点,近年来成为医疗纠纷发生率高的医疗技术性科室。作者应用文献研究法,并提取某三甲医院2020年1月〜2022年6月医学影像学科医疗纠纷投诉案例进行分析,探讨现行《民法典》背景下,医学影像学科面临的法律风险,并提出相应的防范措施,从根源上积极防范医疗风险的发生。