Exploring the Applications of Digital Twin Technology in Enhancing Sustainability in Civil Engineering:A Review

With the advent of the big data era and the rise of Industrial Revolution 4.0,digital twins(DTs)have gained sig-nificant attention in various industries.DTs offer the opportunity to combine the physical and digital worlds and aid the digital transformation of the civil engineering industry.In this paper,605 documents obtained from the search werefirst analysed using CiteSpace for literature visualisation,and an author co-occurrence network,a keyword co-occurrence network,and a keyword clustering set were obtained.Next,through a literature review of 86 papers,this paper summarises the current status of DT application in civil engineering based on a review of the origins,concepts,and implementation techniques of DTs,and it introduces the application of DTs in the full project lifecycle.This study shows that DTs have great potential to address many of the challenges faced by civil engineering.In this regard,the paper also presents some thoughts on the future directions of DT research.

Exploration and Practice of the Digital Transformation and Upgrading Paths for Civil Engineering Majors

This article examines the pathway to digital transformation and upgrading in undergraduate institutions,using the civil engineering program at Chongqing Three Gorges University as a case study,focusing on six key areas:developing a high-quality digital talent training program for civil engineering;assembling diverse resources to create a digital,multi-scenario open learning environment that encompasses teaching,research,and practical training for civil engineering undergraduates;piloting innovative digital teaching models for civil engineering undergraduates;crafting a new model for digital resource provision,utilizing self-developed and specialized resources;devising assessment methods and ongoing improvement strategies based on the achievement of students’digital competencies;and devising a new,three-dimensional,multi-modal teaching evaluation system through intelligent data capture and analysis.

Developments and Applications of Neutrosophic Theory in Civil Engineering Fields:A Review

Neutrosophic theory can effectively and reasonably express indeterminate,inconsistent,and incomplete information.Since Smarandache proposed the neutrosophic theory in 1998,neutrosophic theory and related research have been developed and applied to many important fields.Indeterminacy and fuzziness are one of the main research issues in the field of civil engineering.Therefore,the neutrosophic theory is very suitable for modeling and applications of civil engineering fields.This review paper mainly describes the recent developments and applications of neutrosophic theory in four important research areas of civil engineering:the neutrosophic decision-making theory and applied methods,the neutrosophic evaluation methods and applications of slope stability,the neutrosophic expressions and analyses of rock joint roughness coefficient,and the neutrosophic structural optimization methods and applications.In terms of these research achievements in the four areas of civil engineering,the neutrosophic theory demonstrates its advantages in dealing with the indeterminate and inconsistent issues in civil engineering and the effectiveness and practicability of existing applied methods.In the future work,the existing research results will be further improved and extended in civil engineering problems.In addition,the neutrosophic theory will also have better application prospects in other fields of civil engineering.

Construction Technology of Deep Foundation Pit Support in Municipal Civil Engineering Foundation Construction

Municipal civil engineering is the key content of municipal construction,and the construction scale is usually large.The quality of the project plays an important role in the development of urban economy.Due to the rapid increase of high-rise buildings,skyscrapers and underground buildings,the construction technology of deep foundation pit support has gradually become an indispensable construction technology.Therefore,the selection of foundation pit support construction technology is crucial in ensuring that whether the foundation is firm and stable,and whether the subsequent construction activities can be carried out smoothly.In view of this,the article discusses the application of deep foundation pit support construction technology in municipal civil engineering,aiming to provide reference for subsequent projects.

Preliminary Discussion on the ESP Teaching for Civil Engineering Majors of Independent Colleges

In independent colleges, English for civil engineering majors is not a main course. Accompanied by China's accession to WTO and the deepening global economic integration, civil engineering industry enhances international exchanges and cooperation.In order to further adapt to the international community and the market demand, English for civil engineering majors is becoming more and more important to the graduates who graduate from this major. Discussion on the English teaching situation and the existing issues for civil engineering majors of independent colleges from teaching methods, by putting forward some suggestions, help to improve English teaching level of civil engineering majors of independent colleges.

On civil engineering disasters and their mitigation

Civil engineering works such as buildings and infrastructure are the carriers of human civilization. They are, however, also the origins of various types of disasters, which are referred to in this paper as civil engineering disasters. This paper presents the concept of civil engineering disasters, their characteristics, classification, causes, and mitigation technologies. Civil engineering disasters are caused primarily by civil engineering defects, which are usually attributed to improper selection of construction site, hazard assessment, design and construction, occupancy, and maintenance. From this viewpoint, many so-called natural disasters such as earthquakes, strong winds, floods, landslides, and debris flows are substantially due to civil engineering defects rather than the actual natural hazards. Civil engineering disasters occur frequently and globally and are the most closely related to human beings among all disasters. This paper emphasizes that such disasters can be mitigated mainly through civil engineering measures, and outlines the related objectives and scientific and technological challenges.

Review on Application of Artificial Intelligence in Civil Engineering

In last few years,big data and deep learning technologies have been successfully applied in various fields of civil engineering with the great progress of machine learning techniques.However,until now,there has been no comprehensive review on its applications in civil engineering.To fill this gap,this paper reviews the application and development of artificial intelligence in civil engineering in recent years,including intelligent algorithms,big data and deep learning.Through the work of this paper,the research direction and difficulties of artificial intelligence in civil engineering for the past few years can be known.It is shown that the studies of artificial intelligence in civil engineering mainly focus on structural maintenance and management,and the design optimization.

ADVANCED NICKEL-BASED AND NICKEL-IRON-BASED SUPERALLOYS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

The use of high-temperature materials is especially important in power station construction, heating systems engineering, furnace industry, chemical and petrochemical industry, waste incineration plants, coal gasification plants and for flying gas turbines in civil and military aircrafts and helicopters. Particularly in recent years, the development of new processes and the drive to improve the economics of existing processes have increased the requirements significantly so that it is necessary to change from well-proven materials to new alloys. Hitherto, heat resistant ferritic steels sufficed in conventional power station constructions for temperatures up to 550℃ newly developed ferritic/martensitic steels provide sufficient strength up to about 600 - 620℃. In new processes, e.g. fluidized-bed combustion of coal, process temperatures up to 900℃ occur. However, this is not the upper limit, since in combustion engines, e.g. gas turbines. Material temperatures up to 1100℃ are reached locally. Similar development trends can also be identified in the petrochemical industry and in the heat treatment and furnace engineering. The advance to ever higher material temperatures now not only has the consequence of having to use materials with enhanced high-strength properties, considerable attention now also has to be given to their chemical stability in corrosive media. Therefore not only examples of the use of high-temperature alloys for practical applications will be given but also be contributed to some general rules for material selection with regard to their high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance.

Civil Engineering Students'English Metacognitive Strategies,Autono-mous Learning Competence and ListeningPerformance

In order to improve Englishlistening more effectively, the application status of metacognitive strategies and autonomouslearning competence is exploredbased on a questionnaire investigation among 120 civil engineering major in BJUT. The methods of correlation analysis and an independent sample t-test are employed.The results indicated that 1) their metacognitivestrategies, and the planning, monitoring strategy have positive significant correlations with the students'listening performance and listening auton-omous learning competence;2) There are significant differences in the use of metacognitivestrategies,the level of autonomous learn-ing competence between different levels of listening performance;3) The more accuracy of self-judgment is, the higher level Eng-lish listening performance is.

Integrating ACAD with GIS for Civil Engineering Applications

GIS is a computerized database management system that provides geographic access (capture, storage, retrieval, analysis and display) to spatial data. Civil Engineering projects involve the management, analysis and integration of large amounts of geographic information to ensure success. This can include a wide range of information such as detailed design drawings originating from CAD solutions, detailed mapping, air photography, geological investigations, population information, traffic flows and environmental models. Although there are some similarities between CAD and GIS there are many differences. The most fundamental difference is that GIS mode is the world as it exists, whereas CAD models artifacts yet to be produced. As a result the data manipulated by a GIS is an order of magnitude larger and more complex than CAD systems have to deal with, and the nature of the data, its sources and its uses are quite different. In this paper, the selected area was Nahrain University. Many data were saved on the site map as a transparence layers built by using AutoCAD (2006). Then a digital library was built for the selected area and many data were saved on the site map as a themes built by using ArcView software.

Analysis of Awareness and Utilization of BIM in Civil Engineering

Recently, Building Information Modeling (BIM) has emerged as a hot topic in the construction industry. However, the application of civil engineering, both domestic and foreign, is minor because of the distribution in a wide area, highly liner dependence and difficulty to take advantage of the standard library.? Civil engineering requires a lot of time and financial resources compared to architectural engineering. If BIM is completely applied to civil engineering, it will be possible to manage the schedule and cost using 3D and facilitates effective communication between various stakeholders. For the application of BIM in civil engineering, we surveyed the awareness, utilization and effectiveness of BIM on the civil engineering companies. Also, we derived necessary improvements and analyzed new business areas for BIM application. The results of the study will be used as a reference of development for SOC civil engineering BIM ordering guide and related standard.

Sustainable Construction --An International Comparison of Civil Engineering Students

Sustainable construction in the future will be influenced significantly by the beliefs and actions of civil engineering students studying at university today. A comparative investigation of the appreciation and attitudes regarding sustainable construction of civil engineering students at The NUCE （National University of Civil Engineering） in Vietnam, and the Universities of Loughborough and Liverpool in the UK were therefore conducted. Results indicate that students at all three universities appreciate the importance of the development of sustainable construction and have positive attitudes with regards to sustainability. Construction design and appropriate use of materials were two issues generally considered the most important with regards to sustainability, but were also thought to be adequately covered on the courses in all three institutions.

Analysis of Construction Duration and Cost for Public Sector Civil Engineering Projects in Libya

Public construction project data were analyzed to develop models for the actual construction duration and actual cost. Based on 50 civil engineering projects in Libya from the database of the Great Man-Made River System 1992-2009, the models identified extension as a main factor that affecting both the actual duration and cost of a project, while considering the contract cost and contract duration as fixed for the project. The suitability of each model was confirmed by examining RMSE (root mean squared error), NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency), and MEF (modeling efficiency factor). The models were validated with data from 17 different projects. The validation of both models demonstrated that models are very practical and accurate. The models are very effective in capturing the uniqueness of Libyan construction industry practice.

Desirability of Knowledge Management in Civil Engineering Consulting Firms

KM （knowledge management） has in the recent past been promoted as a means of harnessing and utilising intellectual resources and to improve innovation, business performance and client satisfaction within the construction industry. However, there has been no attempt to ascertain the required level of KM within any given firm. The study reported in this paper aimed at establishing a general equation for assessing a firm’s required level of KM. Through literature review and a questionnaire survey, a total of 22 key indicators of KM were established. The interaction and effects of the key indicators against turnover and employee base were established, yielding an elliptic paraboloid fitted graph over which desirability could be calculated. It was observed that there is a continuous relationship among the firm’s turnover, employee base and the identified key indicators. In practice, firms have different combinations of the employee base and turnover. The derived equation fits well with the different combinations. Firms can, through the use of such equations, determine the level of effort and investment required to implement KM.

Usage of GIS Technology in Civil Engineering

Geographic Information System （GIS） technology is more and more used even in the technical practice of a construction industry. In the preparatory phase of the construction, the problems of a spatial positioning （location） of the construction have to be solved jointly with the checking of the feasibility and purposefulness, the traffic projects are worked out, and the alternative, more detailed solutions of technical problems are designed. At project development there are used various forms of initial documents, results of the actual data gathering and surveys, map sheets, photographs, previous documents referring to the problems solved, and appropriate legal and technical standards. The article presents the experience with the issue of GIS in construction in preparation of buildings, in the implementation phase of the construction in GIS. It presents a model of information system construction and technology of mobile GIS for data collection and use of mobile GIS in water management.

Construction Cooperation Strategy between Equipment Installation Engineering and Civil Engineering

As we all know,the construction and construction process of civil engineering projects are very complicated,so coordination and cooperation of different professions and types of work are required during construction.Based on this,the article focuses on the strategy of equipment installation engineering and civil engineering construction cooperation from different construction stages and hopes to help.

Quality Control Approach for Civil Engineering Construction

In recent years,along with the continuous development and progress of society,the process of urbanization has been accelerating.At the same time,the scale of production of construction companies has also been continuously expanded.Civil engineering is an important component of construction engineering.The quality of civil engineering construction directly affects the image and development of construction companies.Therefore,we should focus on strengthening the control of the quality of civil engineering construction to ensure that the company is moving in a better direction.The author explores and analyzes the main factors affecting the construction quality of civil engineering,and puts forward an effective way to control the quality of civil engineering construction to improve the construction quality of civil engineering.

Creating a Dataset to Boost Civil Engineering Deep Learning Research and Application

With cutting edge deep learning breakthrough,numerous innovations in many fields including civil engineering are stimulated.However,a fundamental issue that civil engineering research community currently facing is lack of a publicly available,free,quality-controlled and human-annotated large dataset that supports and drives civil engineering deep learning research and applications on such as intelligent transportation including connected vehicle,structural health monitoring,and bridge inspection.This paper is a general discussion about demanding needs and construction of a long-anticipated dataset for researchers and engineers in civil engineering and beyond for providing critical training,testing and benchmarking data.The establishment of such a free dataset will remove a major hurdle and boost deep learning research in civil engineering and we hope this work will urge researchers,engineers,government agencies and even computer scientists to work together to start building such datasets.A framework has been developed for the proposed database.Also,some pilot study databases were developed for concrete crack detection,pavement crack detection using normal and infrared thermography,as well as pedestrian and bicyclist detection.A convolution neural network model called Faster RCNN was deployed to check the detection accuracy and a 98%detection accuracy of the proposed datasets was obtained.

BIM Technology Application in Civil Engineering

With the development of the times and science and technology,China has entered the era of digital information.Under the background of information technology,the civil engineering industry must develop standards and industry norms that are in line with the times and the development of technology so that the civil engineering industry can develop continuously,steadily and with high quality in the era of digital information technology.BIM technology,as a digital technology in the field of civil engineering,realizes the online,digital and intelligent of all elements,processes and participants in the whole life cycle of the project.This paper starts with the specific application of BIM technology to provide guidance for the smooth implementation of civil engineering projects.

Application of Time and Space Thinking in Civil Engineering

Time and Space Thinking that is composed of time and space thinking is brought up in civil engineering. This paper makes a detailed analysis on application and role of time and space thinking in knowledge system and learning method of civil engineering and put forward time and space thinking to be similar with philosophical view of time and space. Time and space thinking is a scientific method, therefore, it is suggested to make students active in having such idea and strengthen students＇ understanding on time and space thinking, which will helping students recognize knowledge system and stimulate innovative abilities.