民用高速旋翼飞行器发展战略分析及关键技术展望

面向直升机高速化的发展趋势,总结了国外高速旋翼飞行器的发展历程,开展了高速旋翼飞行器与直升机、通航飞机、公路、铁路等交通运输工具的效能仿真对比,基于潜在的民用市场需求,综合分析了高速旋翼飞机器在交通运输系统和应急救援体系中的优势与劣势。结果表明,民用高速旋翼飞行器在中国具有明确的战略发展定位,一方面可作为交通体系干支通、全网联的重要节点,以突出的任务效能融入交通运输应用体系;另一方面,面向中远程应急救援的需要,可满足敏捷救援体系响应速度的需求,填补现有直升机应用领域的空白。最后,针对重点发展构型,展望了中国未来民用高速旋翼飞行器的关键技术。

Competition of spatial service hinterlands between high-speed rail and air transport in China： Present and future trends

The rapid development of high-speed rail （HSR） and air transport in China has encouraged research on the spatial effects and safety of these two modes of transport, and on the competition between them. We report here an investigation of the effects of competi- tion between HSR and air transport in China from a geographical perspective. The spatial service hinterlands for HSR and air transport accessible within one and two hours by road transport were investigated using a method based on a geographical information system and the overlapping service hinterlands of HSR and air transport were established. A city with both HSR stations and airports, or that was accessible to HSR stations and airports within a certain travel time by road transport, was defined as the overlapping market. The spatial effects of competition between HSR and air transport at present and in the future were then studied with respect to the planned HSR network and airports. The results showed that both HSR and air transport tend to serve areas with high population densities and well-developed econo- mies and in 2012 most of the population and GDP in China were accessible within two hours by road transport to an HSR station or airport. -the different technical and economic charac- teristics of HSR and air transport determine the advantage markets. Spatially, the service hinterland of HSR mainly focuses on urban agglomerations and economic corridors in the eastern and central regions, whereas air transport has a competitive advantage in the more inaccessible western region of China. The overlapping market of HSR and air transport will become increasingly large in the future and cities with a population of over one million and cities within 30 km to both airports and HSR stations will become the major competitive markets. Considering the cost of construction and the number of passengers required for economic operation, as well as the competition with air transport, it is suggested that the construction of some HSR projects in the western region of China should be canceled or slowed down.

面向多任务场景的民用高速旋翼机方案综合评估方法

高速旋翼机兼有垂直起降和高速巡航的优点,在民用领域具有巨大的发展空间,但目前民用高速旋翼机的发展依然处于起步阶段。为解决民用高速旋翼机方案选择复杂度的问题,为民用高速旋翼机方案确定提供决策依据,提出一种面向多任务场景的民用高速旋翼机方案综合评估方法。首先,面向多个民用任务场景,在充分调研和征求专家意见的基础上建立民用高速旋翼机方案综合评估指标体系;其次,基于层次分析法建立综合评估模型,构建配套判断矩阵,确定因素权重,利用3款成熟机型对综合评估方法进行科学性检验,在专家综合观点与评估结果之间建立良好的一致性;最后,给出5种布局在3个典型任务场景下方案构型的综合评估结果。该综合评估方法构建科学、评估准确,为国内民用高速旋翼机方案的筛选决策提供有效指导。