The Notion of Efficiency in China’s Civil Law Scholarship

The pursuit of economic efficiency is the major driver for the birth of contemporary Chinese civil law.Contemporary civil law scholarship has demonstrated a serious concern for efficiency from the very beginning.However,many examples suggest that the notion of economic efficiency is often diluted or replaced by factors like civil law doctrinal scholasticism,moral notions,inertial thinking of the planned economy or the will of the leader.It has not been systematically attended to or expressed in a detailed and precise way in the contemporary civil law scholarship in China,rendering some economic judgments uneconomical.In the 21 st century,it is necessary for the civil law studies to establish a clearer and more precise notion of efficiency,to conduct more direct and accurate evaluations on civil laws’incentives on people’s behaviors and their socio-economic effects,so as to reduce the cost of social interactions and promote deeper cooperation and winwin outcome among individuals.

Application and Regulation of Legal Science and Technology on the Pilot Program of the Reform of Separation between Complicated Cases and Simple Ones in Civil Procedure in the Basic People’s Courts

Blockchain,artificial intelligence,and other technologies have been increasingly integrated with the law,and the construction of smart justice and Internet courts in various places has a prominent effect on court informatization.The Supreme People’s Court is currently carrying out the pilot reform of separation between complicated and simple cases in civil procedure,and legal technology will inevitably become a major means to enable the reform.In the field of electronic litigation,legal technology itself has become a goal of the reform.Regarding the trials of pilot basic courts,legal technology has been more deeply applied in many links such as trial activities and trial management,playing an essential role in improving judicial efficiency,and becoming an important way to solve judicial dilemmas such as“litigation explosion.”However,the history of modern society reminds us that we should be reasonably optimistic about the development of technology,especially in the field of justice.

利用AutoCAD Civil 3D软件对松北巡河路进行设计

AutoCAD Civil 3D是Autodesk公司推出的一款三维设计软件,广泛适用于建筑工程,如道路交通、水利水电、市政工程等领域。文章通过哈尔滨市松北灌排体系及水生态环境建设工程中的具体道路设计,分析说明该软件的优越性。

Study on the Issue of Supply-Side Reform Path in China’s Marine Ecological Civilization Construction

The construction of marine ecological civilization is the cornerstone of China’s marine ecological civilization and it is of great strategic significance. This paper analyzes the existing problems in the construction of marine ecological civilization from the angle of economics and the essence of the problem is the imbalance between supply and demand. It is imperative to strengthen supply management. On this foundation, it is concluded that the marine ecological civilization needs supply-side structural reform and it puts forward to optimize the industrial structure, develop high-end distinctive industrial clusters, and promote the industrial transfer. According to the principal-agent theory, the Marine Ecological Civilization Governance Committee is set up to improve the marine ecological civilization supply system. Insist on protecting environment and saving resources, and implement a strict legal system and accountability mechanisms. The implementation of marine ecological environment sharing and co-construction and the establishment of cooperative platform are the paths to promote supply-side reform of the marine ecological civilization construction.

From the Opacity of Internal Control to the Effectiveness of Legal Audit: Analysis of Issues and Determinants in Business in Cameroon

Legal audit is a statutory control of the accounts carried out based on internal control(IC).Meanwhile,paradoxically,IC is not always transparent to the legal auditor,but rather a compromise to his expectations.What are the determinants that allow the auditor to adapt to it?This paper proposes the analysis of issues and determinants of the effectiveness of legal audit in the context of an opaque IC.This study is carried out on a sample of 56 limited liability companies in Cameroon,carefully selected based on the existence of an IC service.The determinants explaining the auditor’s effectiveness in his mission are noted.

The Efficiency and Demands of the Italian Justice System

A high level of quality and efficiency in an economic system is extremely relevant for the growth of a country. This is particularly true in relation to the justice system. The aim of this work is to estimate the extent to which the identified variables affect the length of civil proceedings, particularly with regard to the role of lawyers.

20th Century Legal Philosophy as Reflected in Dane Alf Ross

Jurisprudence is a dogmatic science teaching various domains of law.Legal philosophy discusses the fundamental problems of dogmatic teaching,namely,what is law?Is jurisprudence an empirical science and does law exist being valid?

基于Civil 3D的道路工程设计方案比选

借助Civil 3D软件,对大型水利枢纽工程进场道路设计方案进行选择,可以自动处理耗时的任务,并预测工程项目的性能,从而提高工作效率.

Legal Systems and Economic Development:The Case of Aruba Post-Coronavirus

This paper intends to critically review some of the challenges rooted in Aruba’s civil law legal heritage in stimulating a post-corona economic recovery which should ideally be driven towards economic diversification.It also seeks to contextualize the effect of Aruba’s civil law system on economic growth compared to other Caribbean states with similar size,population,and tourism dependency but with legal systems rooted in the common law.This paper’s methodological approach is meta-analytical and includes a critique of the labor laws as well as the substantive role of the state in driving economic performance that is a normative feature in some civil law states.It posits that Aruba’s economic responsiveness,to the coronavirus should consider legal origins as a factor that limits its capacity and capability to execute an effective restructuring of tired economic paradigms and introduce new economic models that would challenge its mono-economic status.

A Probe into the Issue of Socialist Rule of Law and the Reform of Legal System

The CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as the general secretary puts forward the new concept of socialist rule of law, which is the great ideological and theoretical achievement of China’s reform and opening up and socialist construction. From the concrete connotation, this article analyzes the formation of the socialist rule of law. The unique social and historical conditions, the progress of social civilization, the increasing public awareness of the rule of law, the pursuit and sublimation of the rule of law experience of the ruling party contributed to the establishment and development of the socialist concept of rule of law. At the same time, it is suggested that the rule of law should be popularized in the whole society, and the socialist rule of law can be transformed into the conscious action of the ruling party, state organs, social organizations and all citizens, so that the concept of socialist rule of law will truly attract and benefit the masses. The great practice of the people.

利用Civil 3D提高复杂边坡处理的设计效率及准确性

介绍了Civil 3D软件的功能和特点。分析了影响边坡处理设计效率及准确性和原因。结合大石门水利枢纽工程厂房左岸134 m深厚覆盖层砂砾石边坡、阿尔塔什水利枢纽工程表孔溢洪洞进口控制段复杂边坡、平原区水库、高陡砂砾石边坡、陡峭岩石边坡放坡过程等工程实例,对比传统二维绘制手段和三维空间曲面放坡差异,定量、定性地分析三维空间曲面放坡在提高设计人员工作效率及设计成果可靠性上的优势。

知识产权客体兜底规范的内在关系及适用逻辑——以《民法典》第123条与《著作权法》第3条的适用为分析视角

《民法典》对知识产权客体类型的立法取向秉持法定主义立场,而现行《著作权法》对作品类型的规范选择却经历了由“作品类型法定”到“作品类型开放”的重大转变,致使两法客观呈现权利客体类型开放与封闭的立法模式差异。实践中应揭示这种假性矛盾的本质,厘清私权部门种属概念间错位类比的逻辑误区,明确过渡性知识产权基本规范对各知识产权单行法特殊性问题的解释缺失,以《民法典》与《著作权法》之间互为“表里”的“隔代”调适关系为逻辑基础,支撑知识产权客体相关规范在司法适用中的实践展开。即以作品类型扩张的现实表现和法律解释经验为起点,以民事私权的价值理念为根基,秉持审慎开放、体系化解释和司法确认优先原则,在具体案件中依照知识产权权属定位、著作权权属定位、作品类型定位的逻辑层次,在权利客体兜底款项启用时严格把握相对开放的审慎裁判思路。

人类法治文明新形态的内在意蕴及其构建逻辑

多样性是文明的基本特征,法治文明作为人类文明的重要内容同样具有多样性的基本特征,人类法治文明新形态的创造亦体现着这一特征。在中国场域下创造的人类法治文明新形态具有重要的当代价值,其构建了原创性的法治话语体系,彰显了中国共产党的领导能力,推动了中华法制文明的现代化转型,打破了法治文明形态的西方固有印象,让人们从固化的西方法治想象中脱离出来,从而聚焦于自主性的法治发展道路。这突出体现了中华民族现代法治文明区别于其他法治文明的特性,丰富了人类法治文明的多样性。人类法治文明新形态的创造、中华民族现代法治文明的发展不是完成时,而是进行时,凝练创造人类法治文明新形态、发展中华民族现代法治文明的阶段性经验有其理论意义与时代价值。

论环境民事公益诉讼中因果关系要件的证明

当前,环境民事公益诉讼中因果关系要件的证明责任如何分配及其证明标准如何设定,对此理论界和实务界仍有很大争议。在证明责任分配问题上,解决路径在于参照适用《民法典》第一千二百三十条的规定,由被告承担环境民事公益诉讼中因果关系要件的客观证明责任。与此同时,原告需提供能够证明关联性事实的初步证据。这一规则应当理解为因果关系的法律推定。将因果关系法律推定规则引入环境民事公益诉讼中具有合理性基础,如纠正人们对环境侵权因果关系要件“证明责任倒置”的错误认识、防止原告滥用诉权、平衡原被告双方的举证负担。在证明标准问题上,环境民事公益诉讼中因果关系要件的证明标准应因事后救济性环境民事公益诉讼和预防性环境民事公益诉讼的类型划分而有所区别,且受关联性事实认定标准的影响。

民政部门担任遗产管理人的困境与法律对策研究

遗产管理人是《民法典》规定的新制度,民政部门作为兜底主体担任遗产管理人是我国法律制度上的一项创新。自《民法典》实施以来,各地都在积极探索民政部门担任遗产管理人的做法与经验,但由于缺乏配套性、操作性、实施性的具体规定,导致民政部门工作中产生许多困惑与问题,影响民政部门遗产管理职能的发挥与落地。应当通过制定立法解释,完善司法解释和相关规范性文件,从源头上解决裁判依据问题,进一步明确民政部门在遗产管理实务中独立的法律地位和诉讼主体地位,细化指定遗产管理人确认和启动程序在内的各项具体规则,制定遗产管理人工作操作指引,明确承担遗产管理职能的内设机构、职责、人员、编制和经费,并加快专业人才的培养步伐,使这一新制度能够落地落实,实现《民法典》的立法宗旨。

道路通向市场——民事执行体制改革新论

我国民事执行体制以执行机构附设于法院为起点,逐渐演变为隶属于法院,是多种历史因素作用下的结果,亦将随着时代背景的变迁而变革。从域外看,走向市场化、扩大市场化、深化市场化,已成为不少国家民事执行体制发展的共同趋势。随着财政负担日益加重,我国民事执行体制改革只能在不增加财政负担乃至适度减轻财政负担的前提下,维持执行效率不降低、执行到位率有提升,进而提高民众对民事执行的获得感。应设立作为自由职业者的执行律师,先由其负责金钱债权“终本”案件的执行,再扩大其执行权能范围。通过市场化改革,可以弥补财政资源的不足,打造共建共治共享的社会治理共同体,实现中国式民事执行体制的现代化。

在线诉讼的民事检察监督:证成及制度化路径

由数字化生产方式所决定的数字化司法变革催生了在线诉讼中民事检察监督的新形式,民事检察监督嵌入在线诉讼既是诉讼构造数字化的逻辑使然,也有益于实现诉讼程序中的检察监督功能。在线诉讼具备时空场域转换、有形要素缺失、技术壁垒显现等全新的特质,客观上也要求民事检察监督进行技术性和程序化的匹配。当前,在线诉讼民事检察监督作为检察监督的新命题,有必要从理念、规范以及实践的维度进行具体审视,促使其进入理论观照视野,探寻其未来的可能出路。在理念维度上,需要将技术赋权塑造为促使底层逻辑具象化的载体;在规范维度上,需要顺应在线诉讼的特质,明确检察监督的侧重点,并引入正当程序的理念实现具体规则的优化;在实践维度上,需要聚焦大数据监督平台及算法模型的适配性搭建,为全面提升在线诉讼民事检察监督的质效提供充足的技术支撑。

我国农村生态文明法治建设面临的挑战与应对

农村生态文明法治建设的当代价值体现在有利于习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的贯彻落实,有利于乡村振兴战略的全面推进,有利于共同富裕目标的扎实推进。在实践中,农村生态文明法治建设面临立法不健全、执法不严格、主体法治意识不足和监督体系不完善等现实挑战。我国应该通过健全农村生态文明法治立法、强化农村生态文明法治建设中的执法力度、增强农村生态文明法治建设相关主体的法治意识和完善农村生态文明法律监督体系等措施来推进农村生态文明法治建设。

法人实施有效民事法律行为的界限研究

当前我国民法体系中对法人实施民事法律行为的效力边界未有明确规定,这主要是法人的民事权利能力和民事行为能力范围不清晰导致的。从我国民法体系法人制度的历史演变轨迹来看,国家对法人民事权利能力和民事行为能力规范的界限已发生了较大变化。通过解释目前相关法律条文的文义以及类推适用这种“法律漏洞”补充方式,可以看出:法人的民事权利能力不受其经营范围、业务范围或章程规定、设立目的宗旨或任务规定的限制,与自然人相同,其有资格在所有民事法律行为中享有民事权利和承担民事义务;但这并不意味着其拥有以自己的行为去取得所有民事活动中的民事权利、履行民事义务的民事行为能力。除了在前述规定范围内实施的符合法律规定的民事法律行为有效外,在前述规定范围外实施的民事法律行为要根据法人的不同类型及其是否获得政府许可或法律授权等因素来确定该民事法律行为的效力。

作为否定性概念的“公民不服从”——哈贝马斯的公民不服从思想

“公民不服从”守护的是共同生活的底线,而非某种积极向往,因而是否定的。它不是法律体系的局部性要素,而是法律体系否定地自我指涉的悖论性结构;它与多数原则之间的张力并非源于政治决策形式上的逻辑矛盾,而是源于不同生活形式的实质对抗。法律体系与政治系统的自我革新无法消解公民不服从带来的疑难,二者共谋的权力内在循环机制也无济于事。事实上,法律与政治权力的合法性产生于社会交往,对交往权力的捍卫是哈贝马斯化解合法性危机、消解公民不服从问题的关键。这一关注社会整体与局部辩证关系的思想突破了实证科学范式的限制,推进了公民不服从问题的研究深度,但也面临着严峻的考验:其中暗含的无政府主义要素仍处于自相矛盾之中,无主体的匿名交往则将使其丧失社会斗争维度。