Plantain contributes significantly to income generation and food security for millions of people in the world. However, it faces problems of seedlings quantity, quality and availability. The innovation of the “plants...Plantain contributes significantly to income generation and food security for millions of people in the world. However, it faces problems of seedlings quantity, quality and availability. The innovation of the “plants issus de fragments de tiges” (PIF) technique could be a solution to these problems for small holders’ farmers. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of clam shells through amendment of Batard and Big Ebanga PIF substrate, on the growth promotion of seedlings and their protection against black Sigatoka disease (BSD). Plantain PIF seedlings of the two varieties were grown in a substrate amended with 1% concentration of the clam shells powder in the presence of negative control in the sterile and non-sterile conditions. Agromorphological characteristics, susceptibility level to BSD, total proteins and polyphenols content were assessed. Because of the presence of clam shells in the substrates, explants germinated quickly, generated high number of shoots, grew taller by 32%, with a diameter of pseudo stems of 30%, and area of leaves of 18% compared to control. In addition, the seedlings were less susceptible to BSD by 73% compared to those of controls. The treatment seems to allow the accumulation of larger amounts of total proteins and polyphenols before inoculation and after inoculation that could participate in the growth promotion and the reduction of plant’s susceptibility level. Clam shells treatment acts as a biofertilizer/biopesticide and could be helpful to boost production of plantain seedlings, the use of the by-products of fishing in agriculture and helps alleviate poverty of small holders’ farmers.展开更多
Giant clam shell mining(GCSM),a unique phenomenon occurring at remote coral reefs in the southern South China Sea(SCS),forms striking scars on the reef flats and damages the reef flat substrate.Through image analyses ...Giant clam shell mining(GCSM),a unique phenomenon occurring at remote coral reefs in the southern South China Sea(SCS),forms striking scars on the reef flats and damages the reef flat substrate.Through image analyses at three times(2004.02.02,2014.02.26,and 2019.04.10)and in situ surveys at Ximen Reef,a representative site that has experienced GCSM,we quantified the GCSM-generated substrate damage and the corresponding recovery.GCSM was estimated to have occurred sometime between 2012 and 2014,causing reduction in live coral subarea and formation of micro-relief as trenches and mounds.GCSM-generated damage was restricted to the reef flat.After GCSM,coral and algae subarea increased,and the trenches and mounds tended to be filled and eroded,representing a natural recovery of the substrate.The legal prohibition on human disturbances at the coral reefs contributed to substrate recovery at Ximen Reef.This case also implied that recovery of the other coral reefs that suffered from GCSM is possible.展开更多
文摘Plantain contributes significantly to income generation and food security for millions of people in the world. However, it faces problems of seedlings quantity, quality and availability. The innovation of the “plants issus de fragments de tiges” (PIF) technique could be a solution to these problems for small holders’ farmers. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of clam shells through amendment of Batard and Big Ebanga PIF substrate, on the growth promotion of seedlings and their protection against black Sigatoka disease (BSD). Plantain PIF seedlings of the two varieties were grown in a substrate amended with 1% concentration of the clam shells powder in the presence of negative control in the sterile and non-sterile conditions. Agromorphological characteristics, susceptibility level to BSD, total proteins and polyphenols content were assessed. Because of the presence of clam shells in the substrates, explants germinated quickly, generated high number of shoots, grew taller by 32%, with a diameter of pseudo stems of 30%, and area of leaves of 18% compared to control. In addition, the seedlings were less susceptible to BSD by 73% compared to those of controls. The treatment seems to allow the accumulation of larger amounts of total proteins and polyphenols before inoculation and after inoculation that could participate in the growth promotion and the reduction of plant’s susceptibility level. Clam shells treatment acts as a biofertilizer/biopesticide and could be helpful to boost production of plantain seedlings, the use of the by-products of fishing in agriculture and helps alleviate poverty of small holders’ farmers.
基金Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),No.GML2019ZD0206,No.GML2019ZD0104National Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China,No.2018FY100103+2 种基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA13010103Special Support Program for Cultivating High-level Talents in Guangdong Province,No.2019BT02H594National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41776128,No.U1901217。
文摘Giant clam shell mining(GCSM),a unique phenomenon occurring at remote coral reefs in the southern South China Sea(SCS),forms striking scars on the reef flats and damages the reef flat substrate.Through image analyses at three times(2004.02.02,2014.02.26,and 2019.04.10)and in situ surveys at Ximen Reef,a representative site that has experienced GCSM,we quantified the GCSM-generated substrate damage and the corresponding recovery.GCSM was estimated to have occurred sometime between 2012 and 2014,causing reduction in live coral subarea and formation of micro-relief as trenches and mounds.GCSM-generated damage was restricted to the reef flat.After GCSM,coral and algae subarea increased,and the trenches and mounds tended to be filled and eroded,representing a natural recovery of the substrate.The legal prohibition on human disturbances at the coral reefs contributed to substrate recovery at Ximen Reef.This case also implied that recovery of the other coral reefs that suffered from GCSM is possible.
