We designed an improved direct-current capacitor voltage balancing control model predictive control(MPC)for single-phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel photovoltaic(PV)inverters.Compared with conventional voltage balanc...We designed an improved direct-current capacitor voltage balancing control model predictive control(MPC)for single-phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel photovoltaic(PV)inverters.Compared with conventional voltage balanc-ing control methods,the method proposed could make the PV strings of each submodule operate at their maximum power point by independent capacitor voltage control.Besides,the predicted and reference value of the grid-connected current was obtained according to the maximum power output of the maximum power point tracking.A cost function was con-structed to achieve the high-precision grid-connected control of the CHB inverter.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed control method was verified through a semi-physical simulation platform with three submodules.展开更多
Cascaded H-bridge inverter(CHBI) with supercapacitors(SCs) and dc-dc stage shows significant promise for medium to high voltage energy storage applications. This paper investigates the voltage balance of capacitors wi...Cascaded H-bridge inverter(CHBI) with supercapacitors(SCs) and dc-dc stage shows significant promise for medium to high voltage energy storage applications. This paper investigates the voltage balance of capacitors within the CHBI, including both the dc-link capacitors and SCs. Balance control over the dc-link capacitor voltages is realized by the dcdc stage in each submodule(SM), while a hybrid modulation strategy(HMS) is implemented in the H-bridge to balance the SC voltages among the SMs. Meanwhile, the dc-link voltage fluctuations are analyzed under the HMS. A virtual voltage variable is introduced to coordinate the balancing of dc-link capacitor voltages and SC voltages. Compared to the balancing method that solely considers the SC voltages, the presented method reduces the dc-link voltage fluctuations without affecting the voltage balance of SCs. Finally, both simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the presented method.展开更多
Modular multilevel resonant converter is an promising candidate for high voltage applications since it has advantageous features,such as high efficiency,high voltage capability and easy fault-tolerant operation.Howeve...Modular multilevel resonant converter is an promising candidate for high voltage applications since it has advantageous features,such as high efficiency,high voltage capability and easy fault-tolerant operation.However,the inequality of arm inductance in practice will lead to imbalance between the upper and lower arm voltages,which will induce large ripples in the circulating current and a dc bias on the voltage generated by modular circuits.To compensate for the voltage imbalance,effects of arm duty cycle changes on arm voltages are discussed.An arm voltage balancing control method is proposed:adjust arm duty cycle according to arm voltage deviation in every switching cycle.Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the theoretical analysis and the proposed control method.展开更多
Modular multilevel converter (MMC) based fault ride through (FRT) control is a promising solution to deal with the pole-to-ground (PTG) fault in high voltage direct current (HVDC) system. However, when MMC switches to...Modular multilevel converter (MMC) based fault ride through (FRT) control is a promising solution to deal with the pole-to-ground (PTG) fault in high voltage direct current (HVDC) system. However, when MMC switches to the FRT control, capacitor voltage imbalance between upper and lower arms will occur, resulting in the deterioration of FRT performance. This letter provides a comprehensive analysis for the imbalance issue from the perspective of fundamental frequency circulating current (FFCC). It is found the imbalance during FRT stage will not expand continuously, but converge to a certain value gradually. The specific imbalance degree is closely associated with the amplitude of FFCC. In order to solve the imbalance issue, an open-loop balancing control is proposed. By introducing a fundamental frequency feedforward item to the inherent circulating current control, the proposed method can not only balance the capacitor voltages, but also minimize the amplitude of FFCC, and consequently the power loss of MMC during FRT process can be reduced. Finally, simulation results of PSCAD/ EMTDC verify the validity of theoretical analysis.展开更多
In this paper, a novel voltage balancing method of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) is proposed. This method divides the voltages of sub-module capacitors in each arm into several groups and the voltage balancing ...In this paper, a novel voltage balancing method of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) is proposed. This method divides the voltages of sub-module capacitors in each arm into several groups and the voltage balancing is based on these groups. The proposed method can save sorting time greatly compared with the conventional method. Simulation results on a MMC based three-phase inverter show validity of the proposed method.展开更多
为延长电池储能系统的整体寿命,需保持储能系统中各单元的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)均衡。为此,提出一种基于二阶一致性算法的改进下垂控制策略,通过指数函数嵌套变化系数,实现不同容量储能单元快速SOC均衡。在SOC均衡的基础上设...为延长电池储能系统的整体寿命,需保持储能系统中各单元的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)均衡。为此,提出一种基于二阶一致性算法的改进下垂控制策略,通过指数函数嵌套变化系数,实现不同容量储能单元快速SOC均衡。在SOC均衡的基础上设计二次控制策略,在一定通信时延下实现频率、电压恢复和有功、无功功率合理分配。最后,以4台储能单元组成的电池储能系统为算例进行仿真,验证了所提控制策略的有效性,SOC能够快速收敛达到均衡状态,频率、电压能够恢复到额定值,有功、无功功率能够按照相应下垂系数比例进行分配。展开更多
部分接入电池储能系统的模块化多电平换流器(MMC with partly integrated BESS,MMCPBESS)可以在接入储能的同时节约建造成本,但其控制更加复杂。针对下桥臂接入储能电池的MMC-PBESS拓扑,建立数学模型及等效电路。在此基础上给出电容电...部分接入电池储能系统的模块化多电平换流器(MMC with partly integrated BESS,MMCPBESS)可以在接入储能的同时节约建造成本,但其控制更加复杂。针对下桥臂接入储能电池的MMC-PBESS拓扑,建立数学模型及等效电路。在此基础上给出电容电压均衡策略,提出了上/下桥臂分控的控制策略,并分析了其运行边界。在MATLAB/Simulink平台搭建仿真模型,仿真了不同交直流功率比例的运行工况,所提控制策略可以在维持电容电压平衡的同时实现对电池充电的功能。该策略无需额外的环流计算,上下桥臂控制解耦,简单灵活。展开更多
基金Research on Control Methods and Fault Tolerance of Multilevel Electronic Transformers for PV Access(Project number:042300034204)Research on Open-Circuit Fault Diagnosis and Seamless Fault-Tolerant Control of Multiple Devices in Modular Multilevel Digital Power Amplifiers(Project number:202203021212210)Research on Key Technologies and Demonstrations of Low-Voltage DC Power Electronic Converters Based on SiC Devices Access(Project number:202102060301012)。
文摘We designed an improved direct-current capacitor voltage balancing control model predictive control(MPC)for single-phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel photovoltaic(PV)inverters.Compared with conventional voltage balanc-ing control methods,the method proposed could make the PV strings of each submodule operate at their maximum power point by independent capacitor voltage control.Besides,the predicted and reference value of the grid-connected current was obtained according to the maximum power output of the maximum power point tracking.A cost function was con-structed to achieve the high-precision grid-connected control of the CHB inverter.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed control method was verified through a semi-physical simulation platform with three submodules.
基金supported in part by the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research under Grant No. YSBR-045the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS under Grant 2022137the Institute of Electrical Engineering CAS under Grant E155320101。
文摘Cascaded H-bridge inverter(CHBI) with supercapacitors(SCs) and dc-dc stage shows significant promise for medium to high voltage energy storage applications. This paper investigates the voltage balance of capacitors within the CHBI, including both the dc-link capacitors and SCs. Balance control over the dc-link capacitor voltages is realized by the dcdc stage in each submodule(SM), while a hybrid modulation strategy(HMS) is implemented in the H-bridge to balance the SC voltages among the SMs. Meanwhile, the dc-link voltage fluctuations are analyzed under the HMS. A virtual voltage variable is introduced to coordinate the balancing of dc-link capacitor voltages and SC voltages. Compared to the balancing method that solely considers the SC voltages, the presented method reduces the dc-link voltage fluctuations without affecting the voltage balance of SCs. Finally, both simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the presented method.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0100603)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51877193)。
文摘Modular multilevel resonant converter is an promising candidate for high voltage applications since it has advantageous features,such as high efficiency,high voltage capability and easy fault-tolerant operation.However,the inequality of arm inductance in practice will lead to imbalance between the upper and lower arm voltages,which will induce large ripples in the circulating current and a dc bias on the voltage generated by modular circuits.To compensate for the voltage imbalance,effects of arm duty cycle changes on arm voltages are discussed.An arm voltage balancing control method is proposed:adjust arm duty cycle according to arm voltage deviation in every switching cycle.Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the theoretical analysis and the proposed control method.
基金supported by Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant LQ22E070002Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant ZR2020QE215.
文摘Modular multilevel converter (MMC) based fault ride through (FRT) control is a promising solution to deal with the pole-to-ground (PTG) fault in high voltage direct current (HVDC) system. However, when MMC switches to the FRT control, capacitor voltage imbalance between upper and lower arms will occur, resulting in the deterioration of FRT performance. This letter provides a comprehensive analysis for the imbalance issue from the perspective of fundamental frequency circulating current (FFCC). It is found the imbalance during FRT stage will not expand continuously, but converge to a certain value gradually. The specific imbalance degree is closely associated with the amplitude of FFCC. In order to solve the imbalance issue, an open-loop balancing control is proposed. By introducing a fundamental frequency feedforward item to the inherent circulating current control, the proposed method can not only balance the capacitor voltages, but also minimize the amplitude of FFCC, and consequently the power loss of MMC during FRT process can be reduced. Finally, simulation results of PSCAD/ EMTDC verify the validity of theoretical analysis.
文摘In this paper, a novel voltage balancing method of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) is proposed. This method divides the voltages of sub-module capacitors in each arm into several groups and the voltage balancing is based on these groups. The proposed method can save sorting time greatly compared with the conventional method. Simulation results on a MMC based three-phase inverter show validity of the proposed method.
文摘为延长电池储能系统的整体寿命,需保持储能系统中各单元的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)均衡。为此,提出一种基于二阶一致性算法的改进下垂控制策略,通过指数函数嵌套变化系数,实现不同容量储能单元快速SOC均衡。在SOC均衡的基础上设计二次控制策略,在一定通信时延下实现频率、电压恢复和有功、无功功率合理分配。最后,以4台储能单元组成的电池储能系统为算例进行仿真,验证了所提控制策略的有效性,SOC能够快速收敛达到均衡状态,频率、电压能够恢复到额定值,有功、无功功率能够按照相应下垂系数比例进行分配。
文摘部分接入电池储能系统的模块化多电平换流器(MMC with partly integrated BESS,MMCPBESS)可以在接入储能的同时节约建造成本,但其控制更加复杂。针对下桥臂接入储能电池的MMC-PBESS拓扑,建立数学模型及等效电路。在此基础上给出电容电压均衡策略,提出了上/下桥臂分控的控制策略,并分析了其运行边界。在MATLAB/Simulink平台搭建仿真模型,仿真了不同交直流功率比例的运行工况,所提控制策略可以在维持电容电压平衡的同时实现对电池充电的功能。该策略无需额外的环流计算,上下桥臂控制解耦,简单灵活。