Influence of Horizontal Flow on Atrium in High-Rise Residential Building

In this study a 10-storied residential building model was employed to clarify the ventilation characteristics of the atrium and the rooms,which were effected by the different forms of lateral openings.The experiment was conducted under the combined effect of wind force and thermal buoyancy,and the similarity requirements were satisfied.The results have shown that the different forms of lateral openings cause the different ventilation effect of the building,and also have some certain regularity.The conclusions provide a theoretical foundation for how to use the ventilation of atrium better in high-rise residential building.

High-Rise Residential Reinforced Concrete Building Optimisation

In the last few decades structure optimisation has become a main task in a civil engineering project. As a matter of fact, due to the complexity and particularity of every structure, the great amount of variables and design criteria to considerate and many other factors, a general optimisation’s method is not simple to formulate. As a result, this paper focuses on how to provide a successful optimisation method for a particular building type, high-rise reinforced concrete buildings. The optimization method is based on decomposition of the main structure into substructures: floor system, vertical load resisting system, lateral load resisting system and foundation system;then each of the subsystems using the design criteria established at the building codes is improved. Due to the effect of the superstructure optimisation on the foundation system, vertical and lateral load resisting system is the last to be considered after the improvement of floor. Finally, as a case example, using the method explained in the paper, a 30-story-high high-rise residential building complex is analysed and optimised, achieving good results in terms of structural behaviour and diminishing the overall cost of the structure.

The mathematical model of kitchen smoke exhaust system in high-rise residential buildings considering the Influence of Stack effect

In high-rise buildings with large indoor and outdoor temperature difference,neglecting the effect of stack effect in smoke exhaust shafts may cause calculation error of the fluid network model.In this paper,the mathematical model of kitchen smoke exhaust system considering the influence of stack effect was put forward and it can be inserted different range hood sub-models.Compared with the results of six working conditions of the model without considering the stack effect,the error of the proposed model were reduced by 7.6%,4.3%,4.1%,2.8%,2.4%,and 2.1%.While the indoor and outdoor temperature difference varies from−5℃ to 49℃,the effect of stack effect on the pressure in the flue and the flow rate for each user was studied for six operating rates s.The results show that under the combined effect of stack effect and flue resistance,the static pressure of the kitchen smoke exhaust system showed a low-high-low distribution,and the maximum static pressure in the flue moved toward the bottom with the increase of temperature difference.User flow rates exhibit a low-high-low-high distribution,with an increased flow rate in the bottom users and the largest flow rate in the top users.

Impact of window and air-conditioner operation behaviour on cooling load in high-rise residential buildings

Space cooling is an important building energy end-use that was found in recent years to be significantly impacted by occupant behaviours.However,the majority of previous studies ignored the interplay between the operation of windows and air conditioners(ACs)on cooling load,particularly in building energy modelling.In addition,studies on the analysis of cooling load characteristics regarding high-rise buildings are insufficient.The vertical effect of high-rise buildings on cooling load remains vague.This study thus aims to examine how window and AC operation behaviours impact the cooling load of high-rise buildings in an urban context demonstrated by a real-life typical 40-floor residential building in Hong Kong.This study investigates window and AC operation behaviours jointly and examines the vertical effect on cooling load by using agent-based building energy modelling(BEM)techniques and initiating stochastic and diverse behaviour modes.A carefully designed questionnaire survey was conducted to help build behaviour modes and validate energy models.Ninety building energy models were established integrating meteorological parameters generated by the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)programme for ten typical floors and nine combinations of window and AC behaviour modes.The results show that comfort-based AC modes and schedule-based window modes yielded the lowest cooling load.Considering the combined effect of AC and window uses,the maximum difference in cooling loads could be 26.8%.Behaviour modes and building height induce up to 32.4%differences in cooling loads.Besides,a deviation between the behaviour modes and height on the cooling load was found.The findings will help develop a thorough energy model inferring occupants’window and AC behaviour modes along with the building height in high-rise residential buildings.The findings indicate that the interaction impact of window and AC behaviour modes and height should be jointly considered in future high-rise building energy modelling,building energy standards,and policymaking.

Resident's Floor Level Preference in High-Rise Residential Buildings in China:A Case Study of Shijiazhuang City,Hebei Province

With the constant advance of global urbanization and aggravation of urban construction land scarcity,high-rise residential buildings have become one of the main carriers of urban residential function on account of both land saving and large housing requirement.However,relevant studies on consumers' floor selection preference in high-rise residential buildings,regarding what inherent and regular features and causes it has,are still insufficient,despite that related issues have important practical significance for real estate developers and designers' decision making in terms of dwelling size ratio,floor area,indoor layout,and so on.This study,based on systematic examination of existing domestic and international researches,seeks to make empirical tests and generalization on the above issues from the aspect of "utility function"(safety,comfortableness,accessibility and economic efficiency) of the living environment that impacted by different floor levels,and floor selection features regarding consumers' social and family structure attributes,as well as the intrinsic correlation between them.The results show the existence of floor level preference in high-rise residential buildings.Its essence is a personalized characterization of consumers' social and family structures' attributes in selecting the "utility function" of the living environment,as the preference value differs under various attributes including gender,age,income,family members and others.

Discussion on the Application of an Interlayer Ventilation Channel in Buildings

Good natural ventilation is the basic function of residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter areas. The intensive use of urban land makes high-rise residential units adopt a large number of multi-household layouts, and the middle households are often difficult to penetrate from north and south, and the natural ventilation effect is not good. The application of a utility model patent "building interlayer ventilation channel" can improve this situation. This paper mainly introduced the basic form and functional characteristics of the patent, and discussed its advantages in detail.

普通Ⅱ类住宅用水量特征研究

为探究当前普通Ⅱ类住宅的用水量特征,选取华北、华中地区具有代表性的城市——北京、长治和武汉,对普通Ⅱ类住宅用水量进行实测调研,通过对最大用水月的实时监测、统计和分析,将所得用水定额和时变化系数与现行《建筑给水排水设计规范》用水定额进行比较。研究认为用水量的变化特征不仅与居民的用水行为和用水人数等相关,还与气候条件、收入水平和节水意识等有关,同时现行《建筑给水排水设计规范》的用水定额与时变化系数均大于实际监测结果,实测A、B、C3栋住宅最高日人均用水量分别为现行《建筑给水排水设计规范》中普通Ⅱ类住宅的用水定额下限的61.5%、58.68%和108.46%;实测A、B、C 3栋住宅实测最高日时变化系数分别为现行《建筑给水排水设计规范》中普通Ⅱ类住宅时变化系数下限的80%、93.48%和97.39%。

建筑电气设计易错问题评析

本文以国家现行的多种规范和标准为依据,对建筑电气施工图设计中的易错问题进行了归纳总结,剖析了这些问题的症结所在,并有针对性地提出了改进措施。

Applied Energy

https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/applied-energy/vol/253/suppl/C Volume 253,1 November 2019(1)Thermally responsive coating on building heating and cooling energy efficiency and indoor comfort improvement,by Cheng Wang,Ye Zhu,Xiaofeng Guo,Article 113506.Abstract:Optic-Variable Wall(OVW)using thermally responsive coating on the facades of high-rise residential buildings is assessed by dynamic simulation.

一类高层住宅建筑“交通核”设计——基于《建筑设计防火规范》修订的探讨

“交通核”在一类高层住宅建筑中具有举足轻重的地位,其主要依据《建筑设计防火规范》进行设计。为满足使用要求,公安部对其进行了两次比较大的修订。该文探讨了各个时期不同《建筑设计防火规范》对“交通核”设计的规定并提供了典型的设计方案。提出了常见违反规范要求的3种“交通核”方案并进行了调整,调整后的方案满足规范要求。梳理了不同时期“交通核”设计的特点,得出的结论为设计人员进行“交通核”设计提供了帮助。

对住宅户型的经济性研究

本文结合实例,从户型平面形状、户型平面导致用地变化等方面分析住宅户型对经济性的影响,以资借鉴。

一类高层住宅建筑消防疏散设计研究

一类高层住宅建筑是指建筑高度大于54米的居住型建筑。随着城市化进程推进,本着土地资源节约利用原则,一类高层住宅建筑越来越多,其消防安全疏散也备受各方关注。在一类高层住宅建筑消防疏散设计及审图过程中,存在未准确理解防火规范的含义,没有考虑高层住宅建筑自身特点,过分解读单一条款的情况,不利于建筑设计整体把控,从而造成社会资源的浪费。本文针对现有消防疏散设计存在的问题,通过案列对典型问题具体分析,结合一类高层住宅建筑特点,提出了一类高层住宅建筑消防疏散设计的原则。在确保疏散安全的前提下,兼顾建筑的经济型和社会效益,为消防疏散设计提供借鉴。

三种外墙外保温体系可靠性的研究

近年来外墙外保温材料造成的火灾事故多发,造成了重大的人员伤亡及经济损失。合理地选择外墙外保温材料及体系构造能大大减少以上情况的发生,并可取得良好的社会效应。通过对建筑市场上应用的A级防火等级外墙外保温材料的适用范围、优缺点进行分析,选取3种有代表性的外墙外保温材料,从材料性能分析、体系基本构造、实体样板制作、现场试验及成本分析等几方面进行专项研究。

How does heterogeneity in dwelling type preferences relate to housing and built environment characteristics?

Understanding housing preferences is critical for successful compact city development.However,there is limited research on understanding preference heterogeneity in dwelling type choices.Using the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey,this paper identifies the key housing and built environment characteristics associated with changes in dwelling type choice from detached houses to high-density.A latent class choice model captures the heterogeneity of dwelling type preferences within a traditionally low-density city,Brisbane,Australia.Findings reveal six household classes with distinct dwelling preferences:Class 1(senior households without children with other family members)and Class 2(couple families with children)in inner-city areas,Class 3(high-income young households)and Class 4(low-income households without children)in middle-city areas,Class 5(low-income families with children)and Class 6(middle-income young families without children)in outer-city areas.Residential environments with better access to educational facilities encourage Classes 3 and 6 to change to high-density living.Greater land use diversity encourages Classes 2,3,and 6 to move towards high-density living.Thefindings can be used to design and improve high-density housing for targeted population groups across inner-,middle-and outer-city areas.

Pressure and flowrate distribution in central exhaust shaft with multiple randomly operating range hoods

Central flues are now commonly adopted in high-rise residential buildings in China for cooking oil fumes(COF)exhaust.Range hoods of all floors are connected to the central shaft,where oil fumes were gathered and exhausted through the outlet at the building roof.As households may cook and use their range hood at random periods,there is great uncertainty of the amount of COF being exhausted.In addition,users can often adjust the exhaust rate of the range hood according to their needs.As a result,thousands of possible operating conditions consisting of distinct combinations of on/off conditions and fan speed occur randomly in the central COF exhaust system,causing the exhaust performance to vary considerably from condition to condition.This work developed a mathematical model for characterizing the operation of the central COF exhaust system in a high-rise residential building as well as its iterative solving method.Full-scale tests coupled with CFD simulation referring to a real 30-floor building were conducted to validate the proposed model.The results show that the model agreed well with the CFD and experimental data under various system operating conditions.Moreover,the Monte-Carlo method was introduced to simulate the random operating characteristics of the system,and a hundred thousand cases corresponding to distinct system operating conditions were sampled and statistically analyzed.