The present study attempts to examine the influence of social class (in terms of educational qualification, the occupation of the husband and monthly family income of the respondents) on obstetric health behavior (in ...The present study attempts to examine the influence of social class (in terms of educational qualification, the occupation of the husband and monthly family income of the respondents) on obstetric health behavior (in terms of antenatal care or ANC visits, the intake of iron tablets, tetanus toxoid vaccination of mother, types of birth attendant, sources of information about obstetric health) in some suburban places of northern Bangladesh. Mix methods have been executed to conduct the present study. A total of one hundred and twenty-five (125) women who gave birth within the last two years have been selected through purposive sampling. Besides ten (10) case studies and five (5) key informants analysis have been performed in this study. As all the variables;both dependent and independent;used in this study are categorical, the Chi-square test has been used to assess the relationship between social class and obstetric health behavior. In this study, a significant association has been found between taking of iron tablets and occupation of the husband (P = 0.026);taking of iron tablets and educational qualification (P = 0.029);vaccination of mother (TT) and educational qualification (P = 0.004), whereas the association of other variables regarding social class and obstetric health behavior has been found insignificant. So the present study shows that the influence of social class on obstetric health behavior has been significantly reduced. It is evidenced that nowadays the effect of social class on obstetric health behavior has significantly faded by the availability, equality-based health services, and services through satellite clinics in the study area. Stakeholders and concerned authorities should give top priority to the findings while developing strategies to improve the condition of maternal health of Bangladesh to acquire the aims of reducing maternal mortality to less than 70 deaths per 100,000 live births.展开更多
Consider an initial-boundary problem vt - ux=0,u, + （）x + f（u） = （）x,θt+ux=（）ux=（）x+ （E） v（x,0） = v0（x）,u（x,0） = u0（x）,θ（0,x） = θ0（x）, （I） u（t,0） = u（t,1） = θx（t,0） = θx（t,1） （J...Consider an initial-boundary problem vt - ux=0,u, + （）x + f（u） = （）x,θt+ux=（）ux=（）x+ （E） v（x,0） = v0（x）,u（x,0） = u0（x）,θ（0,x） = θ0（x）, （I） u（t,0） = u（t,1） = θx（t,0） = θx（t,1） （J） Sufficient and necessary conditions for （E）, （I） and （J） to have asymptotic stability of the gobal smooth solution are given by means of the elemental L2 energy method.展开更多
The standard ordered response model (SORM) is a common disaggregate approach with ordered outcomes in which the effects of various exogenous attributes are assumed constant across ordinal choices. In this study, an in...The standard ordered response model (SORM) is a common disaggregate approach with ordered outcomes in which the effects of various exogenous attributes are assumed constant across ordinal choices. In this study, an innovative latent class based generalized ordered response model (LC-GORM) is formulated and used to assess the effects of various factors on respondents’ choice behavior with respect to congestion charge proposal for Jakarta, Indonesia. The proposed model probabilistically assigns respondents into selfish and altruistic class memberships (latently) based on their knowledge of the proposed scheme and their specific attributes. Aiming to capture observable preference heterogeneity across ordinal choices and allow the thresholds to be varied across observations, we parameterize the thresholds as a linear function of the exogenous variables for each ordinal preference. Using stated preference data collected in Jakarta in December 2013, we incorporate the influence of a comprehensive set of explanatory variables into four categories: charges, latent variables related to respondent’s psychological motivations, mobility attributes and socio-demographic characteristics. Empirical results obviously verify the existence of preference heterogeneity across outcomes. The findings confirm that the altruistic class are more sensitive with respect to acceptance of the scheme, while the selfish class are more sensitive with respect to rejection. The key factors influencing public acceptability include the charge level and respondent variables such as car dependency, awareness of the problem of cars in society, frequency of visits to the city center and frequency of private mode usage.展开更多
目的探究减重代谢手术(metabolic and bariatric surgery,MBS)后病人放牧饮食的潜在类别特征,分析不同类别的影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2024年1月至2024年6月南京医科大学第一附属医院减重代谢外科随访门诊接诊的MBS术后病人作...目的探究减重代谢手术(metabolic and bariatric surgery,MBS)后病人放牧饮食的潜在类别特征,分析不同类别的影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2024年1月至2024年6月南京医科大学第一附属医院减重代谢外科随访门诊接诊的MBS术后病人作为研究对象。采用基线资料调查表、中文版放牧饮食量表[Rep(eat)-Q]、三因素饮食量表-R21(TFEQ-R21)、中文版抑郁-焦虑-压力量表-21(DASS-21)进行调查。对MBS术后病人的放牧饮食进行潜在类别分析,通过单因素分析和多元logistic回归分析探讨其影响因素。结果共发放236份问卷,回收有效问卷230份,有效回收率为97.5%。其中178例(77.4%)病人存在放牧饮食。MBS术后病人的放牧饮食可分为3个潜在类别,分别为“放牧饮食低风险——均衡型”(48.3%)、“放牧饮食中风险——强迫型”(37.4%)、“放牧饮食高风险——非强迫型”(14.3%)。相比于“放牧饮食中风险——强迫型”,术后时间<12个月、术后时间12~<24个月、失控性进食得分越低的病人归属于“放牧饮食低风险——均衡型”的概率更大(OR=0.256,P=0.003;OR=0.311,P=0.020;OR=1.195,P<0.001);相比于“放牧饮食高风险——非强迫型”,无抑郁、限制性进食得分越高、失控性进食得分越低者归属于“放牧饮食低风险——均衡型”类别的概率更大(OR=0.184,P<0.001;OR=0.670,P<0.001;OR=1.261,P=0.001)。结论MBS术后病人的放牧饮食发生率处于较高水平,并且具有明显的分类特征,医护人员可根据其分类特征及影响因素设计个性化的干预策略。展开更多
文摘The present study attempts to examine the influence of social class (in terms of educational qualification, the occupation of the husband and monthly family income of the respondents) on obstetric health behavior (in terms of antenatal care or ANC visits, the intake of iron tablets, tetanus toxoid vaccination of mother, types of birth attendant, sources of information about obstetric health) in some suburban places of northern Bangladesh. Mix methods have been executed to conduct the present study. A total of one hundred and twenty-five (125) women who gave birth within the last two years have been selected through purposive sampling. Besides ten (10) case studies and five (5) key informants analysis have been performed in this study. As all the variables;both dependent and independent;used in this study are categorical, the Chi-square test has been used to assess the relationship between social class and obstetric health behavior. In this study, a significant association has been found between taking of iron tablets and occupation of the husband (P = 0.026);taking of iron tablets and educational qualification (P = 0.029);vaccination of mother (TT) and educational qualification (P = 0.004), whereas the association of other variables regarding social class and obstetric health behavior has been found insignificant. So the present study shows that the influence of social class on obstetric health behavior has been significantly reduced. It is evidenced that nowadays the effect of social class on obstetric health behavior has significantly faded by the availability, equality-based health services, and services through satellite clinics in the study area. Stakeholders and concerned authorities should give top priority to the findings while developing strategies to improve the condition of maternal health of Bangladesh to acquire the aims of reducing maternal mortality to less than 70 deaths per 100,000 live births.
文摘Consider an initial-boundary problem vt - ux=0,u, + （）x + f（u） = （）x,θt+ux=（）ux=（）x+ （E） v（x,0） = v0（x）,u（x,0） = u0（x）,θ（0,x） = θ0（x）, （I） u（t,0） = u（t,1） = θx（t,0） = θx（t,1） （J） Sufficient and necessary conditions for （E）, （I） and （J） to have asymptotic stability of the gobal smooth solution are given by means of the elemental L2 energy method.
文摘The standard ordered response model (SORM) is a common disaggregate approach with ordered outcomes in which the effects of various exogenous attributes are assumed constant across ordinal choices. In this study, an innovative latent class based generalized ordered response model (LC-GORM) is formulated and used to assess the effects of various factors on respondents’ choice behavior with respect to congestion charge proposal for Jakarta, Indonesia. The proposed model probabilistically assigns respondents into selfish and altruistic class memberships (latently) based on their knowledge of the proposed scheme and their specific attributes. Aiming to capture observable preference heterogeneity across ordinal choices and allow the thresholds to be varied across observations, we parameterize the thresholds as a linear function of the exogenous variables for each ordinal preference. Using stated preference data collected in Jakarta in December 2013, we incorporate the influence of a comprehensive set of explanatory variables into four categories: charges, latent variables related to respondent’s psychological motivations, mobility attributes and socio-demographic characteristics. Empirical results obviously verify the existence of preference heterogeneity across outcomes. The findings confirm that the altruistic class are more sensitive with respect to acceptance of the scheme, while the selfish class are more sensitive with respect to rejection. The key factors influencing public acceptability include the charge level and respondent variables such as car dependency, awareness of the problem of cars in society, frequency of visits to the city center and frequency of private mode usage.
文摘目的探究减重代谢手术(metabolic and bariatric surgery,MBS)后病人放牧饮食的潜在类别特征,分析不同类别的影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2024年1月至2024年6月南京医科大学第一附属医院减重代谢外科随访门诊接诊的MBS术后病人作为研究对象。采用基线资料调查表、中文版放牧饮食量表[Rep(eat)-Q]、三因素饮食量表-R21(TFEQ-R21)、中文版抑郁-焦虑-压力量表-21(DASS-21)进行调查。对MBS术后病人的放牧饮食进行潜在类别分析,通过单因素分析和多元logistic回归分析探讨其影响因素。结果共发放236份问卷,回收有效问卷230份,有效回收率为97.5%。其中178例(77.4%)病人存在放牧饮食。MBS术后病人的放牧饮食可分为3个潜在类别,分别为“放牧饮食低风险——均衡型”(48.3%)、“放牧饮食中风险——强迫型”(37.4%)、“放牧饮食高风险——非强迫型”(14.3%)。相比于“放牧饮食中风险——强迫型”,术后时间<12个月、术后时间12~<24个月、失控性进食得分越低的病人归属于“放牧饮食低风险——均衡型”的概率更大(OR=0.256,P=0.003;OR=0.311,P=0.020;OR=1.195,P<0.001);相比于“放牧饮食高风险——非强迫型”,无抑郁、限制性进食得分越高、失控性进食得分越低者归属于“放牧饮食低风险——均衡型”类别的概率更大(OR=0.184,P<0.001;OR=0.670,P<0.001;OR=1.261,P=0.001)。结论MBS术后病人的放牧饮食发生率处于较高水平,并且具有明显的分类特征,医护人员可根据其分类特征及影响因素设计个性化的干预策略。
