PAD Class教学模式对英语专业学生写作焦虑影响的实证研究

本研究以英语专业大一120名学生为实验对象,进行了为期16周的实证研究,以探讨PAD class教学模式对英语专业学生写作焦虑的影响。基于《二语写作焦虑量表》调查问卷结果表明:英语专业学生总体焦虑处于中等焦虑水平,PAD Class能有效降低学生的写作总体焦虑,其中课堂焦虑、构思焦虑、自信焦虑明显降低,但回避焦虑没有达到显著水平;PAD Class模式对高中低不同写作水平学生的写作焦虑都有影响,对中、低水平学生的写作焦虑缓解比对高水平学生的影响效果更明显。

Hybrid treatment of varied orthodontic appliances for a patient with skeletal class II and temporomandibular joint disorders:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND The relation between orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders(TMDs)is under debate;the management of TMD during orthodontic treatment has always been a challenge.If TMD symptoms occur during orthodontic treatment,an immediate pause of orthodontic adjustments is recommended;the treatment can resume when the symptoms are managed and stabilized.CASE SUMMARY This case report presents a patient(26-year-old,female)with angle class I,skeletal class II and TMDs.The treatment was a hybrid of clear aligners,fixed appliances and temporary anchorage devices(TADs).After 3 mo resting and treatment on her TMD,the patient’s TMD symptom alleviated,but her anterior occlusion displayed deep overbite.Therefore,the fixed appliances with TAD were used to correct the anterior deep-bite and level maxillary and mandibular deep curves.After the levelling,the patient showed dual bite with centric relation and maximum intercuspation discrepancy on her occlusion.After careful examination of temporomandibular joints(TMJ)position,the stable bite splint and Invisible Mandibular Advancement appliance were used to reconstruct her occlusion.Eventually,the improved facial appearance and relatively stable occlusion were achieved.The 1-year follow-up records showed there was no obvious change in TMJ morphology,and her occlusion was stable.CONCLUSION TMD screening and monitoring is of great clinical importance in the TMD susceptible patients.Hybrid treatment with clear aligners and fixed appliances and TADs is an effective treatment modality for the complex cases.

Extensive numerical simulations on competitive growth between the Edwards–Wilkinson and Kardar–Parisi–Zhang universality classes

Extensive numerical simulations and scaling analysis are performed to investigate competitive growth between the linear and nonlinear stochastic dynamic growth systems, which belong to the Edwards–Wilkinson(EW) and Kardar–Parisi–Zhang(KPZ) universality classes, respectively. The linear growth systems include the EW equation and the model of random deposition with surface relaxation(RDSR), the nonlinear growth systems involve the KPZ equation and typical discrete models including ballistic deposition(BD), etching, and restricted solid on solid(RSOS). The scaling exponents are obtained in both the(1 + 1)-and(2 + 1)-dimensional competitive growth with the nonlinear growth probability p and the linear proportion 1-p. Our results show that, when p changes from 0 to 1, there exist non-trivial crossover effects from EW to KPZ universality classes based on different competitive growth rules. Furthermore, the growth rate and the porosity are also estimated within various linear and nonlinear growths of cooperation and competition.

World Class Elite Breaststrokers Downward Kick EMG Muscle Activity of the Gluteus Maximus, Quadriceps Femoris, Hamstring, Gastrocnemius Medialis, Rectus Abdominal, and Erector Spinae

This study analyzed the difference between using a downward breaststroke kick and a horizontal breaststroke kick in a sample of world class elite swimmers.We compared average muscle activity of the gluteus maximus,quadriceps femoris(vastus medialis and rectus femoris),hamstring/long head of the biceps femoris,gastrocnemius medialis,rectus abdominal,and erector spinae when using the downward breaststroke kick technique.We find that when this sample of swimmers utilized the downward breaststroke kick,max speed and velocity per stroke increased,measured by 12,788 EMG samples,where the results are highly correlated to duration of the aerodynamic buoyant force in breaststroke kick technique.The increases in performance observed from measuring the world class elite swimmers is highly correlated to the duration of the kick aerodynamic buoyant force.Among this sample of elite swimmers,the longer a swimmer demonstrates a buoyant force breaststroke kick,the lower the time in a 100 breaststroke.

基于CLASS促进幼儿教师提升师幼互动能力的策略

师幼互动是学前教育课程实施的主要过程,也是学前儿童在幼儿园一日活动中的生活体验、学习体验和情感体验的重要载体。师幼互动的质量对学前教育的质量起决定性作用。CLASS(课堂评价评分系统)不仅可以用来评价课堂师幼互动的质量,还可以用于提升教师师幼互动的能力。基于CLASS,文章提出了一系列提升教师师幼互动能力的相关策略。

幼儿园体育活动中师幼互动质量分析及策略研究——基于ClASS课堂互动评估系统的观察分析

本研究以ClASS课堂互动评估系统为测量工具,对M市6所幼儿园的31个体育集体教学活动视频进行反复观察,以“情感支持”“班级管理”“教育支持”三个维度为切入点,对案例中的师幼互动质量进行评分和分析,揭示当前幼儿园体育活动中师幼互动水平。研究结果显示,幼儿园体育活动中师幼互动质量整体上处于中上水平;师幼互动各维度间存在相关性、交融性;不同组织形式的体育活动师幼互动质量存在显著差异。在此基础上,提出相关建议院关注情感支持,构建平等亲密的师幼关系;优化教育行为,营造良好的体育活动生态;重视教育支持,促进幼儿高阶思维发展。

Orthodontic-surgical treatment for severe skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess and four premolars extraction: A case report

BACKGROUND Patient satisfaction with facial appearance at the end of orthodontic camouflage treatment is very important, especially for skeletal malocclusion. This case report highlights the importance of the treatment plan for a patient initially treated with four-premolar-extraction camouflage, despite indications for orthognathic surgery.CASE SUMMARY A 23-year-old male sought treatment complaining about his unsatisfactory facial appearance. His maxillary first premolars and mandibular second premolars had been extracted, and a fixed appliance had been used to retract his anterior teeth for two years without improvement. He had a convex profile, a gummy smile, lip incompetence, inadequate maxillary incisor inclination, and almost a class I molar relationship. Cephalometric analysis showed severe skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion(A point-nasion-B point = 11.5°) with a retrognathic mandible(sella-nasion-B point = 75.9°), a protruded maxilla(sella-nasion-A point = 87.4°), and vertical maxillary excess(upper incisor to palatal plane = 33.2 mm). The excessive lingual inclination of the maxillary incisors(upper incisor to nasion-A point line =-5.5°)was due to previous treatment attempts to compensate for the skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion. The patient was successfully retreated with decompensating orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery. The maxillary incisors were repositioned and proclined in the alveolar bone, the overjet was increased, and a space was created for orthognathic surgery, including maxillary impaction, anterior maxillary back-setting, and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy to correct his skeletal anteroposterior discrepancy. Gingival display was reduced, and lip competence was restored. In addition, the results remained stable after 2 years. The patient was satisfied with his new profile as well as with the functional malocclusion at the end of treatment.CONCLUSION This case report provides orthodontists a good example of how to treat an adult with severe skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess after an unsatisfactory orthodontic camouflage treatment. Orthodontic and orthognathic treatment can significantly correct a patient’s facial appearance.

Infl uence of altitude and tree class on climate-growth relationships in a larch plantation in subtropical China

Precise quantifi cation of climate-growth relationships can make a major contribution to scientifi c forest management.However,whether diff erences in the response of growth to climate at diff erent altitudes remains unclear.To answer this,264 trees of Larix kaempferi from 88 plots,representing diff erent altitudinal ranges(1000-2100 m)and tree classes were sampled and used to develop tree-ring chronologies.Tree-ring growth(TRG)was either positively(dominant)or negatively(intermediate and suppressed)correlated with climate in diff erent tree classes at diff erent altitudes.TRG was strongly correlated with growing season at low altitudes,but was less sensitive to climate at middle altitudes.It was mainly limited by precipitation and was highly sensitive to climate at low altitudes.Climate-growth relationships at high altitudes were opposite compared to those at low altitudes.TRG of dominant trees was more sensitive to climate change compared to intermediate and suppressed trees.Climate factors(annual temperatures;moisture,the number of frost-free days)had diff erent eff ects on tree-ring growth of diff erent tree classes along altitudinal gradients.It was concluded that the increase in summer temperatures decreased water availability,resulting in a signifi cant decline in growth rates after 2005 at lower altitudes.L.kaempferi is suitable for planting in middle altitudes and dominant trees were the best sampling choice for accurately assessing climate-growth relationships.

Visualization for Explanation of Deep Learning-Based Defect Detection Model Using Class Activation Map

Recently,convolutional neural network(CNN)-based visual inspec-tion has been developed to detect defects on building surfaces automatically.The CNN model demonstrates remarkable accuracy in image data analysis;however,the predicted results have uncertainty in providing accurate informa-tion to users because of the“black box”problem in the deep learning model.Therefore,this study proposes a visual explanation method to overcome the uncertainty limitation of CNN-based defect identification.The visual repre-sentative gradient-weights class activation mapping(Grad-CAM)method is adopted to provide visually explainable information.A visualizing evaluation index is proposed to quantitatively analyze visual representations;this index reflects a rough estimate of the concordance rate between the visualized heat map and intended defects.In addition,an ablation study,adopting three-branch combinations with the VGG16,is implemented to identify perfor-mance variations by visualizing predicted results.Experiments reveal that the proposed model,combined with hybrid pooling,batch normalization,and multi-attention modules,achieves the best performance with an accuracy of 97.77%,corresponding to an improvement of 2.49%compared with the baseline model.Consequently,this study demonstrates that reliable results from an automatic defect classification model can be provided to an inspector through the visual representation of the predicted results using CNN models.

An Imbalanced Dataset and Class Overlapping Classification Model for Big Data

Most modern technologies,such as social media,smart cities,and the internet of things(IoT),rely on big data.When big data is used in the real-world applications,two data challenges such as class overlap and class imbalance arises.When dealing with large datasets,most traditional classifiers are stuck in the local optimum problem.As a result,it’s necessary to look into new methods for dealing with large data collections.Several solutions have been proposed for overcoming this issue.The rapid growth of the available data threatens to limit the usefulness of many traditional methods.Methods such as oversampling and undersampling have shown great promises in addressing the issues of class imbalance.Among all of these techniques,Synthetic Minority Oversampling TechniquE(SMOTE)has produced the best results by generating synthetic samples for the minority class in creating a balanced dataset.The issue is that their practical applicability is restricted to problems involving tens of thousands or lower instances of each.In this paper,we have proposed a parallel mode method using SMOTE and MapReduce strategy,this distributes the operation of the algorithm among a group of computational nodes for addressing the aforementioned problem.Our proposed solution has been divided into three stages.Thefirst stage involves the process of splitting the data into different blocks using a mapping function,followed by a pre-processing step for each mapping block that employs a hybrid SMOTE algo-rithm for solving the class imbalanced problem.On each map block,a decision tree model would be constructed.Finally,the decision tree blocks would be com-bined for creating a classification model.We have used numerous datasets with up to 4 million instances in our experiments for testing the proposed scheme’s cap-abilities.As a result,the Hybrid SMOTE appears to have good scalability within the framework proposed,and it also cuts down the processing time.

Improved super-elastic Ti–Ni alloy wire intrusion arch for skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion combined with deep overbite:A case report

BACKGROUND Treatment for deep overbite cases can be difficult. This case report presents some techniques with improved super-elastic Ti–Ni alloy wire(ISW) for deep overbite correction.CASE SUMMARY A 21-year-old woman had a chief complaint of flaring maxillary teeth. Orthodontic evaluation revealed a skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion and a convex profile appearance. A deep overbite with palatal impingement and large overjet were also noted. Bilateral maxillary first premolars were extracted, and spaces were closed using a closed-coil spring and elastic chain. The deep overbite was corrected by applying the ISW curve and ISW intrusion arch. Intermaxillary elastics was used to adjust the intermaxillary relationship. Active treatment took approximately 3 years, and the appearance and dentition alignment noticeably improved.CONCLUSION The use of the ISW technique in a case of skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion with deep overbite achieved a desirable result, and the patient was satisfied with the treatment outcome.

Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty in class Ⅲ obesity:Efficacy, safety, and durability outcomes in 404 consecutive patients

BACKGROUND Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty(ESG) is an effective therapy for class Ⅰ-Ⅱ obesity, but there are knowledge gaps in the published literature about its implementation in patients with class Ⅲ obesity [body mass index(BMI) ≥ 40 kg/m2].AIM To evaluate the safety, clinical efficacy, and durability of ESG in adults with class Ⅲ obesity.METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study that used prospectively collected data on adults with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2who underwent ESG and longitudinal lifestyle counseling at two centers with expertise in endobariatric therapies from May 2018-March 2022. The primary outcome was total body weight loss(TBWL) at 12 mo. Secondary outcomes included changes in TBWL, excess weight loss(EWL) and BMI at various time points up to 36 mo, clinical responder rates at 12 and 24 mo, and comorbidity improvement. Safety outcomes were reported through the study duration. One-way ANOVA test was performed with multiple Tukey pairwise comparisons for TBWL, EWL, and BMI over the study duration.RESULTS 404 consecutive patients(78.5% female, mean age 42.9 years, mean BMI 44.8 ± 4.7 kg/m2) were enrolled. ESGs were performed using an average of 7 sutures, over 42 ± 9 min, and with 100% technical success. TBWL was 20.9 ± 6.2% at 12 mo, 20.5 ± 6.9% at 24 mo, and 20.3 ± 9.5% at 36 mo. EWL was 49.6 ± 15.1% at 12 mo, 49.4 ± 16.7% at 24 mo, and 47.1 ± 23.5% at 36 mo. There was no difference in TBWL at 12, 15, 24, and 36 mo from ESG. TBWL exceeding 10%, 15%, and 20% was achieved by 96.7%, 87.4%, and 55.6% of the cohort at 12 mo, respectively. Of the cohort with the relevant comorbidity at time of ESG, 66.1% had improvement in hypertension, 61.7% had improvement in type Ⅱ diabetes, and 45.1% had improvement in hyperlipidemia over study duration. There was one instance of dehydration requiring hospitalization(0.2% serious adverse event rate).CONCLUSION When combined with longitudinal nutritional support, ESG induces effective and durable weight loss in adults with class Ⅲ obesity, with improvement in comorbidities and an acceptable safety profile.

Looking at maternal inequalities (socioeconomic class, age and human immunodeficiency virus status) to predict well-being of neonates during infancy

Background: Infant health inequalities responsible for high infant sicknesses and deaths in our setting could depend to a large extend on maternal inequalities like socioeconomic class (SEC), age and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Objective: To look at maternal inequalities (SEC, Age and HIV), to predict well-being of neonates during infancy. Methods: Subjects were selected using systematic random sampling. Maternal education, occupation, age and HIV status were obtained using a questionnaire;their SEC was derived using the Oyedeji’s model. Gestational age (GA) of the neonates was estimated from their mother’s last menstrual period, obstetric ultrasound scan reports or the Dubowitz criteria;and birthweight (BW) was determined using the basinet weighing scale, which has a sensitivity of 50 grams. Results: Ninety mother-neonatal pairs were enrolled, 47 (52.2%) neonates were males and 43 (47.8%) females. Most of the neonates were term 66 (73.3%) and of normal BW 75 (83.4%). A significant association existed between maternal variables and the likely hood of the subjects being less healthy during infancy (χ2 = 126.528, p < 0.005). Maternal age had a negative correlation coefficient with GA (r = -0.200) and BW (r = -0.115) and comparison of MA, GA and BW was significant (F = 2662.92, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The combine effects of maternal SEC, Age and HIV have predicted less healthy neonates during infancy. Neonates in the present work are more prone to sicknesses and ill-health during infancy.

Class Central慕课课程How to Write an Essay教学设计分析

调研了美国Class Central网站发布的“2023年250门全球最受欢迎在线课程榜”19门英语写作类MOOC课程。How to Write an Essay被列为250门全球最受欢迎MOOC课程之一,源于其优质的教学设计:世界顶尖大学及其丰富的在线课程经验、优秀师资,教学目标注重培养学习者技能、终身学习理念以及抛锚式教学模式,这对于在线课程建设和教学具有借鉴意义。

Combined Effect of Concept Drift and Class Imbalance on Model Performance During Stream Classification

Every application in a smart city environment like the smart grid,health monitoring, security, and surveillance generates non-stationary datastreams. Due to such nature, the statistical properties of data changes overtime, leading to class imbalance and concept drift issues. Both these issuescause model performance degradation. Most of the current work has beenfocused on developing an ensemble strategy by training a new classifier on thelatest data to resolve the issue. These techniques suffer while training the newclassifier if the data is imbalanced. Also, the class imbalance ratio may changegreatly from one input stream to another, making the problem more complex.The existing solutions proposed for addressing the combined issue of classimbalance and concept drift are lacking in understating of correlation of oneproblem with the other. This work studies the association between conceptdrift and class imbalance ratio and then demonstrates how changes in classimbalance ratio along with concept drift affect the classifier’s performance.We analyzed the effect of both the issues on minority and majority classesindividually. To do this, we conducted experiments on benchmark datasetsusing state-of-the-art classifiers especially designed for data stream classification.Precision, recall, F1 score, and geometric mean were used to measure theperformance. Our findings show that when both class imbalance and conceptdrift problems occur together the performance can decrease up to 15%. Ourresults also show that the increase in the imbalance ratio can cause a 10% to15% decrease in the precision scores of both minority and majority classes.The study findings may help in designing intelligent and adaptive solutionsthat can cope with the challenges of non-stationary data streams like conceptdrift and class imbalance.

ASARA,a prediction model based on Child-Pugh class in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization

Background:Due to the high heterogeneity among hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients receiving transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),the prognosis of patients varies significantly.The decisionmaking on the initiation and/or repetition of TACE under different liver functions is a matter of concern in clinical practice.Thus,we aimed to develop a prediction model for TACE candidates using risk stratification based on varied liver function.Methods:A total of 222 unresectable HCC patients who underwent TACE as their only treatment were included in this study.Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to select the independent risk factors and establish a predictive model for the overall survival(OS).The model was validated in patients with different Child-Pugh class and compared to previous TACE scoring systems.Results:The five independent risk factors,including alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)level,maximal tumor size,the increase of albumin-bilirubin(ALBI)grade score,tumor response,and the increase of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),were used to build a prognostic model(ASARA).In the training and validation cohorts,the OS of patients with ASARA score≤2 was significantly higher than that of patients with ASARA score>2(P<0.001,P=0.006,respectively).The ASARA model and its modified version“AS(ARA)”can effectively distinguish the OS(P<0.001,P=0.004)between patients with Child-Pugh class A and B,and the C-index was 0.687 and 0.706,respectively.For repeated TACE,the ASARA model was superior to Assessment for Retreatment with TACE(ART)and ALBI grade,maximal tumor size,AFP,and tumor response(ASAR)among Child-Pugh class A patients.For the first TACE,the performance of AS(ARA)was better than that of modified hepatoma arterial-embolization prognostic(mHAP),mHAP3,and ASA(R)models among Child-Pugh class B patients.Conclusions:The ASARA scoring system is valuable in the decision-making of TACE repetition for HCC patients,especially Child-Pugh class A patients.The modified AS(ARA)can be used to screen the ideal candidate for TACE initiation in Child-Pugh class B patients with poor liver function.

A review of addressing class noise problems of remote sensing classification

The development of image classification is one of the most important research topics in remote sensing. The prediction accuracy depends not only on the appropriate choice of the machine learning method but also on the quality of the training datasets. However, real-world data is not perfect and often suffers from noise. This paper gives an overview of noise filtering methods. Firstly, the types of noise and the consequences of class noise on machine learning are presented. Secondly, class noise handling methods at both the data level and the algorithm level are introduced. Then ensemble-based class noise handling methods including class noise removal, correction, and noise robust ensemble learners are presented. Finally, a summary of existing data-cleaning techniques is given.

Attenuate Class Imbalance Problem for Pneumonia Diagnosis Using Ensemble Parallel Stacked Pre-Trained Models

Pneumonia is an acute lung infection that has caused many fatalitiesglobally. Radiologists often employ chest X-rays to identify pneumoniasince they are presently the most effective imaging method for this purpose.Computer-aided diagnosis of pneumonia using deep learning techniques iswidely used due to its effectiveness and performance. In the proposed method,the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) approach is usedto eliminate the class imbalance in the X-ray dataset. To compensate forthe paucity of accessible data, pre-trained transfer learning is used, and anensemble Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model is developed. Theensemble model consists of all possible combinations of the MobileNetv2,Visual Geometry Group (VGG16), and DenseNet169 models. MobileNetV2and DenseNet169 performed well in the Single classifier model, with anaccuracy of 94%, while the ensemble model (MobileNetV2+DenseNet169)achieved an accuracy of 96.9%. Using the data synchronous parallel modelin Distributed Tensorflow, the training process accelerated performance by98.6% and outperformed other conventional approaches.

PCATNet: Position-Class Awareness Transformer for Image Captioning

Existing image captioning models usually build the relation between visual information and words to generate captions,which lack spatial infor-mation and object classes.To address the issue,we propose a novel Position-Class Awareness Transformer(PCAT)network which can serve as a bridge between the visual features and captions by embedding spatial information and awareness of object classes.In our proposal,we construct our PCAT network by proposing a novel Grid Mapping Position Encoding(GMPE)method and refining the encoder-decoder framework.First,GMPE includes mapping the regions of objects to grids,calculating the relative distance among objects and quantization.Meanwhile,we also improve the Self-attention to adapt the GMPE.Then,we propose a Classes Semantic Quantization strategy to extract semantic information from the object classes,which is employed to facilitate embedding features and refining the encoder-decoder framework.To capture the interaction between multi-modal features,we propose Object Classes Awareness(OCA)to refine the encoder and decoder,namely OCAE and OCAD,respectively.Finally,we apply GMPE,OCAE and OCAD to form various combinations and to complete the entire PCAT.We utilize the MSCOCO dataset to evaluate the performance of our method.The results demonstrate that PCAT outperforms the other competitive methods.

Existence of Two Limit Cycles in Zeeman’s Class 30 for 3D Lotka-Volterra Competitive System

Gyllenberg and Yan(Discrete Contin Dyn Syst Ser B 11(2):347–352,2009)presented a system in Zeeman’s class 30 of 3-dimensional Lotka-Volterra(3D LV)competitive systems to admit at least two limit cycles,one of which is generated by the Hopf bifurcation and the other is obtained by the Poincaré-Bendixson theorem.Yu et al.(J Math Anal Appl 436:521–555,2016,Sect.3.4)recalculated the first Liapunov coefficient of Gyllenberg and Yan’s system to be positive,rather than negative as in Gyllenberg and Yan(2009),and pointed out that the Poincaré-Bendixson theorem is not applicable for that system.Jiang et al.(J Differ Equ 284:183–218,2021,p.213)proposed an open question:“whether Zeeman’s class 30 can be rigorously proved to admit at least two limit cycles by the Hopf theorem and the Poincaré-Bendixson theorem?”This paper provides four systems in Zeeman’s class 30 to admit at least two limit cycles by the Hopf theorem and the Poincaré-Bendixson theorem and gives an answer to the above question.