2018年世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)在国际疾病分类第11版(11th revision of International Classi?cation of Diseases, ICD-11)目录中首次收录了慢性疼痛并做了分类标注,但由于仍以症状为主,分属不同母系目录,对大...2018年世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)在国际疾病分类第11版(11th revision of International Classi?cation of Diseases, ICD-11)目录中首次收录了慢性疼痛并做了分类标注,但由于仍以症状为主,分属不同母系目录,对大规模流调、临床疼痛诊治和预后评估等实践应用造成困难。为此,国际疼痛学会(International Association for the Study of Pain, IASP)有关专家组对ICD-11版慢性疼痛分类的标注内容进行了补充修订,并制订了一个系统的分级诊断分类目录。本文在总结《PAIN》杂志(2019年160卷1期)ICD-11叙述专栏文章的基础上,制作了一个中文版IASP修订的ICD-11版慢性疼痛4级诊断分类目录和评估标准。期待慢性疼痛4级诊断分类目录在今后大规模人口流行病学调查、临床疼痛专科和其它相关科室诊治与预后评估工作中有章可循并发挥重要作用。展开更多
Understanding the influence of environmental variables on the spatial distribution of ecological communities is essential to predict the response of vegetation to various environmental drivers.Ecological theory sugges...Understanding the influence of environmental variables on the spatial distribution of ecological communities is essential to predict the response of vegetation to various environmental drivers.Ecological theory suggests that multiple environmental factors shape local species assemblages and should influence the various components of community structure and composition in different ways.This study aimed to classify Pinus wallichiana dominated forests in the Swat Hindukush range mountains to understand the relative influence of multiple environmental filters on its composition and structure.These forests represent the most typical of the species distribution in northern Pakistan and were not subjected to any phytosociological study.For this purpose,thirty forest stands,spanning a wide range of physical habitats were sampled using 10 x 10 m plots and the importance value index was calculated.The floristic and environmental data were subjected to Ward’s agglomerative cluster analysis for objective classification and ordinated with NMS ordination for pattern description and testing the vegetation-environmental relationships.Three floristically and ecologically distinct communities were recognized along the topographic gradient(elevation,r=0.377;slope,r=0.5548) coupled with soil physical(clay,r=0.2782;silt,r=0.3225) and chemical properties(pH,r=0.4975;lime,r=3982).An elevation gradient of 100 m separated the low(Pinus wallichiana-Quercus dilatata community)and middle elevations forest stands(P.wallichiana pure population) from the highland population type(Pinus wallichiana-Cedrus deodara community).The floristics and structure of these forest types respond directly or indirectly to topographic and soil variables which were evidenced from the floristic composition,species richness,and community physiognomy.These characteristics of the communities changed from heterogenous,dense stands to sparsely dispersed conifers,broadleaved-evergreen,and deciduous vegetation types along the environmental gradients.We concluded that several factors explained the spatial pattern.Thus,we predict that elevation coupled with soil physical and chemical properties could be considered if the ultimate goal is the restoration and conservation of these forests.We also recommend broad-scale phytosociological study on P.wallichiana forests including multiple sampling from diverse locations to define the floristic diversity and to better understand its ecological requirements.展开更多
Shale intercalations in salt deposits of the upper part of the third member of the Shahejie Formation （Es3） in the Liutun sag have industrial oil and gas potential. This article classifies and evaluates lithology, p...Shale intercalations in salt deposits of the upper part of the third member of the Shahejie Formation （Es3） in the Liutun sag have industrial oil and gas potential. This article classifies and evaluates lithology, pore systems, porosity, permeability and pore characteristics using core logs, XRD, SEM, lab and log porosity data of shale reservoirs in the salt formation. The lithology of these reservoirs is complex as parts of complex salt rhythms composed of clastic, carbonate and eva- poritic rocks. Their rigid minerals contents and total organic carbon are high, the organic type is good, and the maturity of organic matter ranges from medium to low. There are strong overpressures and natural hydraulic fractures. Organic matter pores and matrix-related shale pores provide an apprecia- ble part of the permeability. Different methods of measurement, sonic logging and equivalent cycle counting-point are used to evaluate the different types of porosity and permeability. A preliminary evaluation of shale permeability has been made by using fracture data from cores and image logging, and it is considered that the organic nets composed of organic matter pores generated in the maturation stage of shale have greatly increased oil permeability. On the above basis, this article proposes classifi- cation criteria for the upper Es3 inter-salt shale oil reservoirs to provide a foundation for evaluating other shale oil reservoirs in this area.展开更多
文摘2018年世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)在国际疾病分类第11版(11th revision of International Classi?cation of Diseases, ICD-11)目录中首次收录了慢性疼痛并做了分类标注,但由于仍以症状为主,分属不同母系目录,对大规模流调、临床疼痛诊治和预后评估等实践应用造成困难。为此,国际疼痛学会(International Association for the Study of Pain, IASP)有关专家组对ICD-11版慢性疼痛分类的标注内容进行了补充修订,并制订了一个系统的分级诊断分类目录。本文在总结《PAIN》杂志(2019年160卷1期)ICD-11叙述专栏文章的基础上,制作了一个中文版IASP修订的ICD-11版慢性疼痛4级诊断分类目录和评估标准。期待慢性疼痛4级诊断分类目录在今后大规模人口流行病学调查、临床疼痛专科和其它相关科室诊治与预后评估工作中有章可循并发挥重要作用。
基金supported by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan
文摘Understanding the influence of environmental variables on the spatial distribution of ecological communities is essential to predict the response of vegetation to various environmental drivers.Ecological theory suggests that multiple environmental factors shape local species assemblages and should influence the various components of community structure and composition in different ways.This study aimed to classify Pinus wallichiana dominated forests in the Swat Hindukush range mountains to understand the relative influence of multiple environmental filters on its composition and structure.These forests represent the most typical of the species distribution in northern Pakistan and were not subjected to any phytosociological study.For this purpose,thirty forest stands,spanning a wide range of physical habitats were sampled using 10 x 10 m plots and the importance value index was calculated.The floristic and environmental data were subjected to Ward’s agglomerative cluster analysis for objective classification and ordinated with NMS ordination for pattern description and testing the vegetation-environmental relationships.Three floristically and ecologically distinct communities were recognized along the topographic gradient(elevation,r=0.377;slope,r=0.5548) coupled with soil physical(clay,r=0.2782;silt,r=0.3225) and chemical properties(pH,r=0.4975;lime,r=3982).An elevation gradient of 100 m separated the low(Pinus wallichiana-Quercus dilatata community)and middle elevations forest stands(P.wallichiana pure population) from the highland population type(Pinus wallichiana-Cedrus deodara community).The floristics and structure of these forest types respond directly or indirectly to topographic and soil variables which were evidenced from the floristic composition,species richness,and community physiognomy.These characteristics of the communities changed from heterogenous,dense stands to sparsely dispersed conifers,broadleaved-evergreen,and deciduous vegetation types along the environmental gradients.We concluded that several factors explained the spatial pattern.Thus,we predict that elevation coupled with soil physical and chemical properties could be considered if the ultimate goal is the restoration and conservation of these forests.We also recommend broad-scale phytosociological study on P.wallichiana forests including multiple sampling from diverse locations to define the floristic diversity and to better understand its ecological requirements.
基金supported by the National Science and Tech-nology Major Project(No.2011ZX05006-004)Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resource of Ministry of Education(No.TPR-2013-21)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(No.CUGL140808)
文摘Shale intercalations in salt deposits of the upper part of the third member of the Shahejie Formation （Es3） in the Liutun sag have industrial oil and gas potential. This article classifies and evaluates lithology, pore systems, porosity, permeability and pore characteristics using core logs, XRD, SEM, lab and log porosity data of shale reservoirs in the salt formation. The lithology of these reservoirs is complex as parts of complex salt rhythms composed of clastic, carbonate and eva- poritic rocks. Their rigid minerals contents and total organic carbon are high, the organic type is good, and the maturity of organic matter ranges from medium to low. There are strong overpressures and natural hydraulic fractures. Organic matter pores and matrix-related shale pores provide an apprecia- ble part of the permeability. Different methods of measurement, sonic logging and equivalent cycle counting-point are used to evaluate the different types of porosity and permeability. A preliminary evaluation of shale permeability has been made by using fracture data from cores and image logging, and it is considered that the organic nets composed of organic matter pores generated in the maturation stage of shale have greatly increased oil permeability. On the above basis, this article proposes classifi- cation criteria for the upper Es3 inter-salt shale oil reservoirs to provide a foundation for evaluating other shale oil reservoirs in this area.
