Clinical research report on traditional Chinese patent medicines and traditional Chinese classic famous prescriptions(2022)

Objective:The paper is to comprehensively summarize and analyze the basic situation and methodological quality of clinical randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of traditional Chinese patent medicines and traditional Chinese classic famous prescriptions published in 2022,to provide evidence and reasonable suggestions for the advancement of clinical research and the formulation of policies and guidelines.Methods:The Evidence Database System of clinical evidence-based evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine was searched,and data from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),PubMed,and other databases were supplemented.The search duration was from January 1,2022,to December 31,2022.RCTs of traditional Chinese patent medicines and traditional Chinese classic famous prescriptions were included as the source of clinical evidence,and published information,sample size,intervention,control measures,treatment course,methodological quality,and key link report were analyzed and evaluated.Results:A total of 1,464 RCTs of traditional Chinese patent medicines were included,which comprised 667 types of traditional Chinese patent medicines;“traditional Chinese patent medicines+Western medicine vs.Western medicine”was the most widely used intervention and control setting,involving 417 RCTs(28.48%).A total of 245 RCTs of traditional Chinese classic famous prescriptions were included,comprising 55 types of traditional Chinese classic famous prescriptions.“Decoction+conventional treatment vs.conventional treatment”was the most widely used intervention and control setting,with 87 RCTs(35.51%).Published RCTs on traditional Chinese patent medicines and traditional Chinese classic famous prescriptions were limited by the study design and implementation.Most“allocation concealment”and“blinding of patients and personnel”were rated as medium to high risk.There are insufficient reports on key research links such as experimental registration and ethical approval.Conclusions:The number of RCTs on traditional Chinese patent medicines has decreased in 2022,but there has been a slight improvement in the research quality and impact.There are relatively few studies on traditional Chinese classic famous prescriptions.Measures must be taken to improve clinical trial design,implementation,and reporting.Methodological experts should be invited to provide professional technical guidance on the trial design.In the research implementation process,attention should be paid to quality control,particularly the standardization of the randomized execution.

Guidance and Application of Chinese Classical Gardens in Modern Gardens

As a representative of Eastern gardens,Chinese classical gardens have always held an extremely important position in world gardens.They not only carry the profound cultural and ideological connotations of China,but also have great aesthetic achievements that are worth exploring.In the process of urbanization,the construction of urban gardens is also progressing rapidly with the development of the city,and modern gardens are reflected more.Gradually,people began to realize that the aesthetics of Chinese classical gardens can collide with the design concepts of modern gardens,in order to conform to the current development trend of the new era.This paper compares and analyzes the differences and connections between Chinese classical gardens and modern gardens from three aspects:gardening concepts,gardening elements,and gardening techniques.Combined with relevant cases,it studies the practical application of Chinese classical garden design techniques in modern gardens,and explores and promotes the art of Chinese classical garden design.

Summary of the Studies on Classical Chinese Folk Houses

Research fruits in classical Chinese folk houses since 1980s were summarized in this study from various perspectives,such as architectural structure,spatial layout,decoration,aesthetic value,regional features and historical attributes,meanwhile,the future study orientation in this field was also discussed.

Expression Forms of Spiritual Cultures in Classical Chinese Gardens

By studying close links between classical Chinese gardens and traditional Chinese cultures,it was stressed that spiritual characteristics pursued by classical Chinese gardens were inevitable components of their expression forms,which were also closely related to classical Chinese philosophy,social system and other cultural phenomena.Characteristics of classical Chinese gardens in terms of psychology were analyzed,and it was proposed that they had particular cultural connotations in the spiritual expression and appeal,that is,natural view of "human-nature oneness",etiquette culture of "coordinating with the nature by etiquette",seclusion view of "living in seclusion and pursuing a peaceful life".Concrete expressions of spiritual cultures in classical Chinese gardens were discussed,specifically,the expression of natural views was demonstrated as "respecting the nature,all creatures having its own course(Tao,way of evolution),adopting measures suiting local conditions,skillfully borrowing from other landscapes,simulating natural landscapes";as for the expression of seclusion view,it was demonstrated as the expression of seclusion cultures by inscriptions and steles,the expression of "seclusion" by implicit garden settings;etiquette and hierarchy of classical Chinese gardens were discussed from the perspective of private garden layout and residence construction.On this basis,spiritual world of ancient Chinese were further stu-died,mental patterns of Chinese were believed as the source of classical gardens,and what those hills,water,plants,architecture as well as their combinations expressed were spiritual pursuits of Chinese people.

On Wisdom of "Luo Shu" and Classical Chinese Garden Art

As a thinking pattern,"Luo Shu" has been widely used in the classical Chinese garden art with its core lying in the application of nine-palace square.This paper analyzed the wide application of "Luo Shu" wisdom in classical Chinese garden art,which can be summarized into 3 respects including the creation technique of yin and yang(masculine and feminine elements) contrast,the overall-balanced gardening concept and the aesthetic pursuit in curve design.Through analyzing the application of numbers in the "Luo Shu" pattern,the application of contrast,balance and harmony in classical Chinese garden were revealed.

Enlightenment on the Construction of Modern Urban Plazas from Classical Chinese Gardens

Researches on modern urban plazas in China were reviewed,phenomena caused by the shortage of proper theoretical guidance such as blind imitation and fixed forms of urban plazas were pointed out,and it was emphasized that researches on urban plazas with Chinese characteristics should be enhanced.By analyzing features of traditional western plazas and classical Chinese gardens,this study proposed that by combining with their practical functions the construction of modern urban plazas in China should maintain traditional concepts and aesthetic characteristics of Chinese people on the basis of satisfying demands of the public to the best.The enlightenment on the construction of modern urban plazas from classical Chinese gardens was particularly analyzed,the application of garden aesthetics,components,and landscaping methods of classical Chinese gardens were highlighted,and moreover,it was put forward that the relationship between human and human,human and society,human and nature implied in classical Chinese gardens would surely bring profound inspiration to urban plazas.

Translation Principles of Chinese Ethnic Minority Classics:A Case Study on the English Translation of Yimakan Mandu Mergen

Different translation principles may result in different translation products Chinese and foreign scholars put forward a lot of insightful and perceptive views on translation principles based on their plentiful translation practice.Taken the Hezhe Peo ple’s oral tradition Yimakan Mandu Mergen as an example,the paper probes into the English translation principles and strategies of Chinese ethnic minority classics.

Thomas Cleary's Translation of Chinese Military Classics & Its Implication for Translation Teaching

No research has been done to explore how the Chinese military classics have been studied and translated in the west.In order to fill the void,this paper tries to study Thomas Cleary’s translation of Chinese military classics.

Evolution of Classical Chinese Gardens Based on the Components of Architectural Culture

Based on the structural mode of cultural ecosystem,a structural mode of architectural culture was established in this study by replacing human society,exterior environment and culture in the cultural ecosystem with human activities,architectural environment and architectural culture.Within this mode,architectural engineering technology was in the uttermost layer of the architectural cultural structure,design techniques and written works in the middle layer,and values in the innermost layer.It was applied to analyze the evolution of classical Chinese gardens along the line of dynastic changes,from the perspectives of social consciousness,cultural psychology and aesthetic habit,it was pointed out that classical Chinese gardens have evolved from animal park to landscape garden,from urban residential garden to private garden in the southern regions of the Yangtze River,which also indicated a transition from focusing on exterior forms to stressing practical functions,and such a transition was realized on the basis of social consciousness and values of the time with the help of proper design techniques.

A Comparative Perspective on Characterization in Classical Chinese Fiction

As an important aspect of fiction or narrative in general,characterization has long been a popular object for scholarly enquiries in literary studies. However,the well-known distinction into direct and indirect characterizations discursively formulated in Western literary theory may not be capable of accommodating various forms of characterization in other literatures and cultures. This article sets out to summarize and discuss the distinctive approaches to characterization in classical Chinese fiction in the triple purpose of complementing the binary distinction in the West,introducing the indigenous Chinese literary theory to Western readers,and facilitating their reading and understanding of Chinese fiction.

From the Poem ‘Blue,blue is the Grass’ to Explore the impact of Chinese Classical Poetry on Ezra Pound

Blue,blue is the grass,Ezra Pound's version of a classical Chinese poetry,has enjoyed great popularity in the English reading public since its coming out in 1915.Through his translation Pound brought freshness into English poetry on the one hand,and disseminated Chinese culture on the other.And these verses happened to be a great stimulus as the Renaissance from the Greeks to the imagist poetry movement.This paper aims at a penetrating analysis of the impact of Chinese classical poetry on imagist poet Ezra Pound.

Classic mechanisms and experimental models for the anti-inflammatory effect of traditional Chinese medicine

Inflammation is a common disease involved in the pathogenesis,complications,and sequelae of a large number of related diseases,and therefore considerable research has been directed toward developing anti-inflammatory drugs for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been used to treat inflammatory and related diseases since ancient times.According to the re-view of abundant modern scientific researches,it is suggested that TCM exhibit anti-inflammatory effects at different levels,and via multiple pathways with various targets,and recently a series of in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory models have been developed for anti-inflammation research in TCM.Currently,the reported classic mechanisms of TCM and experimental models of its anti-inflammatory effects pro-vide reference points and guidance for further research and development of TCM.Importantly,the research clearly confirms that TCM is now and will continue to be an effective form of treatment for many types of inflammation and inflammation-related diseases.

MODIFIED CLASSIC RISK FACTORS FOR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN CHINESE HAN POPULATION

Objective To investigate the levels of cardiovascular disease risk factors and their relations to clinical phenotype associated with coronary artery disease(CAD).Methods The subjects were recruited from five independent cardiovascular centers.Coronary angiography was employed to define the CAD with stenosis in each major vessel ≥70% and control with stenosis <10% in every lesion.The classic risk factors including family history,body mass index,smoking habits,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,and serum lipid levels were surveyed according to established criteria.Associations between risk levels and clinical phenotypes were assessed by case control and correlation analysis.Results A total of 762 individuals were collected,including 481 men and 281 women,aged from 17 to 81(mean 60±10) years.The patients with CAD accounted for 55.5% of all participants,and controls 44.5%,respectively.Compared with the pattern in published data,our study showed that mean serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) level was significantly lower(P<0.001) and triglycerides was significantly higher(P<0.001),while total cholesterol(TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were comparative(both P>0.05).The prevalence of low HDL-C(<40 g/L) and hypertriglyceridemia(>150 g/L) were 27.2% and 41.4%,respectively.Mean serum levels of HDL-C and apolipoprotein A1 were significantly higher in female subjects than in male(P<0.001).Lower HDL-C functioned as an independent risk factor for CAD only in men(RR=2.8,95%CI:1.5-4.2,P<0.001),yet increased non-HDL cholesterol combined with diabetes mellitus and obesity seemed to play a key role in the development ofCAD in women.Similarity in risk association with CAD was found for hypertension and TC/HDL ratio in male and female subjects,while family history had no relationship with the presence of CAD.Conclusion It is remarkable that emphasis of intervention in future should be given on the prevalent low serum HDL-C and its strong risk correlation with the presence of CAD in male subjects of Chinese Han population.

On untranslatability of classical Chinese poetry： From the perspective of aesthetic function of language

The author analyzes the untranslatability of the classical Chinese poetry from the perspective of aesthetic function of language. The untranslatability lies firstly in the heterogeneity, indeterminism and the ambiguity of the Chinese language itself. Moreover, the classical Chinese poetry displays its unique features and beauty which can not be rendered into English in terms of aesthetic function of language.

Noun-Inspiring Theme in Poetic Translation—On Noun Translation Governed by Theme of Classical Chinese Poetry

The presence of poetic noun is very common in classical Chinese poetry. And the absence of preposition and conjunction leading to noun juxtaposition is one of the poetic aesthetic features. At present, most researches of poetic translatio on n base individual impression and perception, fail to comprehend the nouns of source text in categorization, and critical analysis on the translated nouns is not interpretable and verifiable. This paper, taking a perspective of poetic theme relevance, categorizes the poetic noun from the indicative, descriptive and symbolic dimensions, proposes a poetic translation strategy called"aesthetic reproduction of poetic theme", and proves its necessity and rationality.

On the Untranslatability of Classical Chinese Poetry

China is one of the countries which has the longest history and brilliant development of poetry.Among the translation of literature works,the translation of poetry has the most difficulty,which has reached common agreement in the field of translation.Particularly,the translation of Classical Chinese poetry arouses widely discussion,that is if it translatable or untranslatable.

Analysis of Aesthetic Communication Barriers in English Translation of Classic Chinese Poetry

Aesthetic communication plays significant role in poetry translation,for it affects the target text in both internal structure and external structure. This paper analyzes the comparison of nine versions of English translation of classic Chinese poem —Jing Ye Si written by Li Bai(李白) from the perspective of aesthetic communication barriers and reiterates the factors which influence the translation target texts.

A Comparison Between the Stonework Application in Italian Renaissance Garden and Placing Stone Technique in Classical Chinese Garden

The study introduced the development of stone elements in Italian Renaissance Garden and Chinese classical garden, analyzed the stonework of Renaissance Garden and the placing stone technique of Chinese classical garden from different angles and made a comparative analysis of the two from the aesthetic thought, stone selection and technique.

Western Theory and the Study of Classical Chinese Literature in North America

In the second half of the 20th century,humanistic studies in the West witnessed a“theory explosion”.Unlike traditional European Sinology,American Sinology borrowed the latest Western theoretical approaches and formed a unique feature.The emerging Western theory also influenced the study of classical Chinese literature in the USA,with each Sinologist exhibiting a different tendency.In the context of the development of American Sinology and Western theory,this paper examines the Sinologists’change of attitudes in different development stages to unveil the characteristics and tendencies of the study of classical Chinese literature in North America.

Discussion on the Translation of Chinese Classics

Since the 16th Party Congress,the central government has put forward in several situations that Chinese culture must spread to other countries,and as the essence of Chinese culture,Chinese classics become the major carriers for the completion of the task.Translation is an important tool for the communication of culture,and some scholars have published some theoretical articles discussing the topic,which has promoted the development of it.This article summarizes the theoretical articles on translation of classical works(especially about English translation)in recent years and discusses who must take the burden of translation and how to translate them.Finally,the article puts forward the principles of translation on Chinese classics.