Tailoring Classical Conditioning Behavior in TiO_(2) Nanowires:ZnO QDs-Based Optoelectronic Memristors for Neuromorphic Hardware

Neuromorphic hardware equipped with associative learn-ing capabilities presents fascinating applications in the next generation of artificial intelligence.However,research into synaptic devices exhibiting complex associative learning behaviors is still nascent.Here,an optoelec-tronic memristor based on Ag/TiO_(2) Nanowires:ZnO Quantum dots/FTO was proposed and constructed to emulate the biological associative learning behaviors.Effective implementation of synaptic behaviors,including long and short-term plasticity,and learning-forgetting-relearning behaviors,were achieved in the device through the application of light and electrical stimuli.Leveraging the optoelectronic co-modulated characteristics,a simulation of neuromorphic computing was conducted,resulting in a handwriting digit recognition accuracy of 88.9%.Furthermore,a 3×7 memristor array was constructed,confirming its application in artificial visual memory.Most importantly,complex biological associative learning behaviors were emulated by mapping the light and electrical stimuli into conditioned and unconditioned stimuli,respectively.After training through associative pairs,reflexes could be triggered solely using light stimuli.Comprehen-sively,under specific optoelectronic signal applications,the four features of classical conditioning,namely acquisition,extinction,recovery,and generalization,were elegantly emulated.This work provides an optoelectronic memristor with associative behavior capabilities,offering a pathway for advancing brain-machine interfaces,autonomous robots,and machine self-learning in the future.

A multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of classical swine fever virus,African swine fever virus,and atypical porcine pestivirus

With the implementation of the C-strain vaccine,classical swine fever(CSF) has been under control in China,which is currently in a chronic atypical epidemic situation.African swine fever(ASF) emerged in China in 2018 and spread quickly across the country.It is presently occurring sporadically due to the lack of commercial vaccines and farmers’ increased awareness of biosafety.Atypical porcine pestivirus(APPV) was first detected in Guangdong Province,China,in 2016,which mainly harms piglets and has a local epidemic situation in southern China.These three diseases have similar clinical symptoms in pig herds,which cause considerable losses to the pig industry.They are difficult to be distinguished only by clinical diagnosis.Therefore,developing an early and accurate simultaneous detection and differential diagnosis of the diseases induced by these viruses is essential.In this study,three pairs of specific primers and Taq-man probes were designed from highly conserved genomic regions of CSFV(5’ UTR),African swine fever virus(ASFV)(B646L),and APPV(5’ UTR),followed by the optimization of reaction conditions to establish a multiplex real-time PCR detection assay.The results showed that the method did not cross-react with other swine pathogens(porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2),porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV),pseudorabies virus(PRV),porcine parvovirus(PPV),and bovine viral diarrhea virus BVDV).The sensitivity results showed that CSFV,ASFV,and APPV could be detected as low as 1 copy μL–1;the repeatability results showed that the intra-assay and interassay coefficient of variation of ASFV,CSFV,and APPV was less than 1%.Twenty-two virus samples were detected by the multiplex real-time PCR,compared with national standard diagnostic and patented method assay for CSF(GB/T 27540–2011),ASF(GB/T 18648–2020),and APPV(CN108611442A),respectively.The sensitivity of this triple real-time PCR for CSFV,ASFV,and APPV was almost the same,and the compliance results were the same(100%).A total of 451 clinical samples were detected,and the results showed that the positive rates of CSFV,ASFV,and APPV were 0.22% (1/451),1.3%(6/451),and 0%(0/451),respectively.This assay provides a valuale tool for rapid detection and accurate diagnosis of CSFV,ASFV,and APPV.

GLOBAL CLASSICAL SOLUTIONS AND THE CLASSICAL LIMIT OF THE NON-RELATIVISTIC VLASOV-DARWIN SYSTEM WITH SMALL INITIAL DATA

We investigate the global classical solutions of the non-relativistic Vlasov-D arwin system with generalized variables(VDG)in three dimensions.We first prove the global existence and uniqueness for small initial data and derive the decay estimates of the Darwin potentials.Then,we show in this framework that the solutions converge in a pointwise sense to solutions of the classical Vlasov-Poisson system(VP)at the asymptotic rate of 1/c2 as the speed of light c tends to infinity for all time.Moreover,we obtain rigorously an asymptotic estimate of the difference between the two systems.

POSITIVE CLASSICAL SOLUTIONS OF DIRICHLET PROBLEM FOR THE STEADY RELATIVISTIC HEAT EQUATION

In this paper,for a bounded C2 domain,we prove the existence and uniqueness of positive classical solutions to the Dirichlet problem for the steady relativistic heat equation with a class of restricted positive C2 boundary data.We have a non-existence result,which is the justification for taking into account the restricted boundary data.There is a smooth positive boundary datum that precludes the existence of the positive classical solution.

Toward a sustainable growth path in Arab economies:an extension of classical growth model

Background/Objectives:Many economies are on the trajectory of alternative growth drivers other than conventional capital and labor.Access to credit facilities is a pertinent indicator of economic growth.In line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(UNSDGs-8)agenda,the national goal for sustainable development for most economies and Arab economies is no exception.Therefore,the current study adopts a traditional growth model by exploring the relationship between gross domestic product(GDP)per capita,credit for private sectors,ratio of exports,real GDP,and per labor force participants for selected Arab economies annually from 2001 to 2020.Research design:This study leverages the Fourier Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin(KPSS)unit root test and second-generation panel econometrics as estimation techniques,such as Westerlund and Edgerton panel cointegration test,and the use of two estimators,namely the augmented mean group(AMG)and common correlated error mean group(CCEMG),to obtain robust results.Findings:Empirical findings from Westerlund and Edgerton panel cointegration tests validate the long-run equilibrium relationship among the outlined variables.Further empirical results indicate that the share of exports is negatively significant with economic growth in countries such as Kuwait,Lebanon,Tunisia,and Jordan.Additionally,savings and labor force participation have a positive relationship with economic growth in individual countries such as Algeria and Bahrain.As per the panel,there is no significant relationship between labor force participation and economic growth.This indicates that the skilled labor force enhanced economic growth.Conclusions:These findings come with inherent far-reaching policy suggestions for economies and panels.Further details on country-specific policy actions are presented in the concluding section.

Hints of the Photonic Nature of the Electromagnetic Fields in Classical Electrodynamics

Several recent publications show that the electromagnetic radiation generated by transmitting antennas satisfy the following universal conditions: The time domain radiation fields satisfy the condition A ≥ h/4π ⇒q ≥ e where A is the action of the radiation field, which is defined as the product of the radiated energy and the duration of the radiation, h is the Planck constant, e is the electronic charge and q is the charge associated with the radiating system. The frequency domain radiation fields satisfy the condition U ≥ hv ⇒q ≥ e where U is the energy radiated in a single burst of radiation of duration T/2 and v is the frequency of oscillation. The goal of this paper is to show that these conditions, which indeed are expressions of the photonic nature of the electromagnetic fields, are satisfied not only by the radiation fields generated by physical antennas but also by the radiation fields generated by accelerating or decelerating electric charges. The results presented here together with the results obtained in previous studies show that hints of the photonic nature of the electromagnetic radiation remain hidden in the field equations of classical electrodynamics, and they become apparent when the dimension of the radiating system is pushed to the extreme limits as allowed by nature.

Flavor Amidst Plainness:An Examination of the Subjectivity of the“People’s Films”From the Perspective of Classical Aesthetics

The“People’s Films,”when examined from the perspective of classical aesthetics,present a unique visual style that creates artistic conceptions through sparse filming and deliver a scenery-based ideology through background shots,contributing to the overall aesthetic taste dominated by plainness.Chinese national aesthetic tastes,distinguished by implicitness,symbolism,and ethereality,have the magical power to present charming conceptions via plain and simple scenes,thus endowing the“People’s Films”with natural,plain,and harmonious frames that are unique to China.Behind the silent and plain scenes are representations of personal cultivation and essential values cherished by the Chinese people,which are achieved via the momentary presence and entirety of scenes photographed in the films,delivering an internal transcendence of people’s consciousness.

经典名方真武汤的历史沿革及临床应用规律

目的 考证真武汤的历史沿革和应用规律,为其深入研究提供精准的文献参考。方法 以真武汤为关键词,从《中华医典》检索、整理该方1991年1月以前的古籍。以真武汤、Zhenwu decoction、Zhenwu tang为主题词从中国知网、万方数据服务知识平台、维普网和Pub Med中获取2002年1月至2022年12月的临床研究文献。考证真武汤的处方来源、药物组成、剂量、炮制、功能主治、病证要素和应用规律。结果 纳入古籍92部,真武汤首载于《伤寒论》,由茯苓、芍药、白术、附子、生姜组成。剂量以茯苓三两、芍药三两、白术二两、附子一枚、生姜三两居多。在炮制方面,芍药以生白芍为主,白术以炒用为主,附子以熟附子为主。在应用规律方面,真武汤主要治疗少阴病和太阳病,涉及的症状有腹痛、小便不利、四肢疼痛、大便自利等,脾肾阳虚、阳虚水泛、心肾阳虚是临床应用真武汤的辨证要点。真武汤的应用涉及心血管、泌尿、消化等多系统,包括心力衰竭、糖尿病肾病、肾病综合征等疾病。结论本研究体现了真武汤的传承性、稳定性、有效性和安全性,为其研发提供了科学、客观的文献依据。

基于模糊三支区间集半概念知识提取方法研究

为了解决只需要考虑属性区间集到对象区间集的问题,将经典半概念理论引入三支区间集中,对于一个模糊形式背景,定义了面向属性的模糊区间集半算子,用此算子得到模糊AE-区间集半概念;讨论了该类半概念的偏序关系和格结构,进而得到求同一形式背景下模糊AE-区间集半概念全体的算法。对偶地,得到模糊OE-区间集半概念定义和其格结构,以及寻找模糊OE-区间集半概念全体的算法。所得结果有助于拓展概念格和区间集理论的应用范围,也为知识提取提供了一种有益的方法。

2018—2020年福建地区猪瘟病毒E0基因遗传变异分析

为了了解2018—2020年福建地区猪瘟病毒流行及遗传变异情况,收集福建省不同地区临床发病猪的血液和肺脏、脾脏、淋巴结等组织样本1464份,采用RT-nPCR的方法对样品进行CSFV检测,对部分CSFV阳性样品E0基因进行克隆测序。结果显示,CSFV总体阳性率为1.9%(29/1464),并获得13株CSFV E0基因序列。同源性分析发现所得13株CSFV E0基因之间的同源性在82.2%-99.7%,其中11株CSFV E0基因与1.1亚型代表毒株HCLV的核苷酸同源性为99.0%~99.9%,与Shimen株的核苷酸同源性94.1%~95.0%;1株与2.1c型参考毒株HNSD-2012核苷酸同源性为98.2%;1株与2.1d亚型毒株CSFV/JPN/2018核苷酸同源性为99.6%。遗传进化分析发现,10株CSFV与HCLV、C-ZJ-2008、Shimen和Brescia处于同一分支,属于1.1亚型;1株CSFV与HNSD-2012等位于同一分支,属于2.1c亚亚型;1株与CSFV/JPN/2018等位于同一分支,属于2.1d亚亚型。氨基酸序列分析发现,13株毒株与HCLV等代表毒株在重要的Rnase活性位点高度保守,其中2株2.1亚型毒株与HCLV毒株相比,其在第35位非关键氨基酸残基上发生由G→E的突变。结果表明福建地区CSFV流行情况趋向多样化,提示仍需加强对CSFV流行及遗传变异的持续监测,为猪瘟的诊断及有效防控奠定基础。

“互著”与“别裁”在中医古籍书目整理中的应用与思考

“互著”与“别裁”是我国古典目录学对图书文献进行分类著录的特殊辅助方法,具有重要理论和实践价值,中医古典目录学分类研究也离不开这2种方法的应用。首先,对“互著”与“别裁”的概念、内涵与源流进行梳理;其次,分别对古代中医专科书目和现代中医专科书目中使用“互著”与“别裁”的情况进行核查,重点对其在中医古籍书目整理中具体应用实例进行整理与评述;最后,总结目前存在的问题与对策建议,从而为现代中医古籍数字书目信息建设提供思路和方法。

基于经典名方开发研究的中医药传承创新型人才培养思路探讨

经典名方是中医药学知识体系的重要组成部分,中医药传承创新型人才的培养是中医药绵延发展的重要基石,两者相互融合。文章从经典名方的内涵解读、研究开发、中医药传承与创新理论内涵的解读、人才培养及两者的融合发展3个方面进行综述,以期采用师承教育、院校教学、科研教学等方式将经典名方的开发研究反哺于教学,为培养中医药传承创新型人才添砖加瓦。

经学儒学关系论

由于四部分类法与经学始于汉武帝独尊儒术说的影响,在经学与儒学的研究中,一直存在儒学为子学,非经学的认识。孔子开创的儒学是阐发五经常道的君子儒的儒学,汉武帝立五经博士不过是先秦汉初儒学发展的结果,经学与儒学的本质完全相同,四部分类法的以儒学归于子部不能成立,说明儒学与经学都是阐发五经元典常道的学说,二者不存在经子之分。

文学评价体系的确立与经典作家作品的价值重估

回顾文学批评和文学研究,从新时期、新世纪到新时代已取得了公认的成就,但也存在若干问题和不足。如何提升文学批评和文学研究的影响力、公信力?如何增强文学研究的体系性和原创力?如何更大地发挥文学批评的作用?这是摆在我们面前的严峻课题。我们首先要建构起科学的、完整的文学评价体系和正确的价值取向。然后,以此重估经典作家作品的价值,完成再解读、再阐释和价值重估的重任,这是今后文学研究的主要任务之一,也是延续经典作家作品生命力的主要途径,更是加快构建中国特色文学“三大体系”的重要举措。而文本发现、理论激发、现实激活是经典作家作品再阐释和价值重估的三条路径。

治疗病毒性肺炎的古方配伍特征分析研究

目的利用关联规则算法,探索治疗病毒性肺炎古方中的单味药频次及药物之间配伍特征。方法利用中国中医科学院中医药信息研究所“中医古方数据库”,检索治疗病毒性肺炎相关古方,得到985首方剂,去除与本次检索目的无关方剂,最终纳入749首方剂进行分析。采用Excel 2016建立数据表,并对单味药进行统计、药物配伍、关联规则分析及聚类分析。筛选时间为建库至2023年10月。结果收集方剂中共涉及290味药,筛选出在治疗病毒性肺炎古方中出现频次≥50次的药物,共有43味药,对其中高频单味药进行统计得出:⑴从药性角度分析,温性药18味、出现1773次,寒性药16味、出现1226次,各占药性频次总数的43.33%和29.96%;⑵从药味角度分析,辛味药18味、出现2268次,苦味药22味、出现2013次,甘味药17味、出现1681次,各占药味频次总数的35.55%、31.55%和26.35%;⑶从归经角度分析,归肺经药26味、出现2501次,归脾经药23味、出现2447次,归胃经药18味、出现1587次,归心经药14味、出现1324次,各占归经频次总数的21.45%、20.99%、13.61%和11.36%;⑷从功效角度分析,解表药12味、出现2501次,补虚药7味、出现827次,清热药9味、出现662次,各占功效频次总数的27.59%、20.21%和16.18%。治疗病毒性肺炎古方中药物关联规则结果显示,重要性高的3个药物组合分别为“苦杏仁、石膏、麻黄”“金银花、甘草、连翘”“草果、藿香、厚朴”。结论治疗病毒性肺炎古方中,药物多偏于温辛、寒苦、寒甘等,入肺、脾、胃经,以清热解毒、宣肺透邪为基本治则。

中国的经典诠释与“和合诠释学”的义理建构

中国的经典诠释之路漫长而丰富。现当代中国学者尝试在西方诠释学研究的基础上走出一条中国自主的、脱胎于传统的、融合现代诠释方法的诠释新路,然而都难以形成含摄不同宗教、不同民族、不同主体的哲学诠释架构。“和合诠释学”是在“和合”思想基础上提出来的创造性诠释学说,它以“和合生生道体”为本体依据,以“三法”为思辨方法,以“三层次”“三结构”为层次结构,以“三界”“八维”为系统诠释框架,以“五大原理”为价值原则,形成了既有形上支撑亦有现实关怀的人文诠释体系。“和合诠释学”的提出及其义理系统的建构承续了中华优秀传统文化的精髓,为中国哲学研究、经典文本解读提供了新的诠释框架和话语体系,是把马克思主义基本原理同中华优秀传统文化相结合的有益尝试,是构建中国自主知识体系、巩固文化主体性的有益探索。

文士休闲文化视野下的明清江南古典园林营造

文士作为一个文化群体,是我国古代统治阶级知识分子的统称,也是江南古典园林精神文化内核的缔造者,研究中国园林的文化属性离不开这一群体。文章从文士群体的休闲文化视角出发,探究其对明清江南古典园林的营造影响及设计体现,并为当下园林景观设计提供思想借鉴。

捍卫古典学科:利文斯通的大学教育观

英国教育家利文斯通曾先后任职于牛津大学基督圣体学院与贝尔法斯特女王大学,他在大学教育方面有着丰富的理论与实践经验。利文斯通关于大学教育的论述体现在他的著作与演讲中,他认为大学是现代文明的中心和传递真理的殿堂,大学教育的功用在于培养合格的社会公民、具有理性精神的人和道德高尚的青年。然而,大学教育也存在不少问题,如大学课程缺乏科学性、大学考试内容欠合理、大学教学方式需改革等。利文斯通提出通过优化大学课程和考试内容、转变古典教育教学方式完善大学教育。作为永恒主义教育思潮的代表人物,利文斯通的大学教育观具有明显的古典主义色彩。

传经大儒子夏考

孔子的弟子子夏是孔门中学术最广博的人,在孔子死后,正是子夏学派将儒家经典学术发扬光大。子夏广收学生,设教西河,为魏文侯的国师,地位尊显,又享高寿,在传承儒家学术上贡献很大。儒家经典多经过子夏的传授而广为流传。

古典小说阐释中的“奇书”视野和“名著”视野

“奇书”视野,是晚明清初流行的一种阐释路径,其特点是把“四大奇书”的主旨纳入儒学的框架;“名著”视野,是五四以来逐渐流行的一种阐释路径,其特点是以“革命”话语阐释“四大名著”。这两种阐释路径,都有各自的历史因缘和文本依据,所以能产生巨大的影响,而它们都不能定于一尊,则是因为有以偏概全之嫌。补救的方法,是将两种视野互相参照,尽可能避免盲人摸象的失误。