Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) are designed to evaluate all reasonably foreseeable environmental consequences of human activities. Appropriate governmental scientists traditionally produced EIAs for managemen...Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) are designed to evaluate all reasonably foreseeable environmental consequences of human activities. Appropriate governmental scientists traditionally produced EIAs for management agencies in many countries. However, many EIAs are now contracted out, often to the lowest bidder without due consideration of expertise. Others suffer from limited agency resources. Consequently, many EIAs have become insufficiently researched documents that draw heavily from previous EIAs while being rushed to completion to meet legislative deadlines or avoid delaying projects. Habitual treatment of topics often ignores recent scientific literature, perpetuating previous misconceptions and analytical flaws. Common problems in EIAs discussing wildlife include: a focus on lethal takes, with little consideration of non-lethal impacts or habitat degradation;a general dismissal of the possibility that non-significant (to the resource) impacts can, when combined, become significant;and the assumption that behavioral habituation in animals represents an end of impact. Incentive to break the cycle is somewhat lacking in this now often commercially competitive environment, where contracts are increasingly awarded by industry, generating potential conflict of interest. We believe investment in thorough, impartially written, scientifically-based and up-to-date EIAs is important for appropriately representing and managing ecosystems and their resources and avoiding potentially expensive litigation.展开更多
The management of livestock waste is an effective way to achieve emission reduction and carbon fixation in agriculture and rural areas.At present,aerobic composting and anaerobic fermentation are widely used in livest...The management of livestock waste is an effective way to achieve emission reduction and carbon fixation in agriculture and rural areas.At present,aerobic composting and anaerobic fermentation are widely used in livestock waste treatment technology.In this study,pig manure management was taken as an example,a comprehensive environmental load index was constructed to quantitatively evaluate the environmental impacts of global warming,environmental acidification,eutrophication,and photochemical ozone synthesis during aerobic composting and anaerobic fermentation based on the life cycle assessment.The results showed that the potential values of aerobic composting and anaerobic fermentation were similar,and the order was global warming,environmental acidification,eutrophication,and photochemical ozone synthesis.Anaerobic fermentation contributed more to global warming,while aerobic composting contributed more to environmental acidification,eutrophication,and photochemical ozone synthesis.In addition,the environmental load index of aerobic composting was significantly higher than that of anaerobic fermentation.There were certainly regional differences in the environmental load index,and the environmental impact effect of anaerobic fermentation was low and more environmentally friendly.These findings provided a technical basis for livestock manure management in different regions of China,which was conducive to promoting animal husbandry emission reduction and carbon sequestration.展开更多
组织越来越重视了解与其项目、资产、活动以及可能被其他组织收购的项目与资产相关的环境问题。这些问题及其对组织业务所产生的影响可通过环境尽职调查(EDD)进行评估。ISO/TC207/SC2环境审核与相关环境调查分委会于2022年6月正式发布了...组织越来越重视了解与其项目、资产、活动以及可能被其他组织收购的项目与资产相关的环境问题。这些问题及其对组织业务所产生的影响可通过环境尽职调查(EDD)进行评估。ISO/TC207/SC2环境审核与相关环境调查分委会于2022年6月正式发布了ISO14015:2022《环境管理环境尽职调查评估指南》(Environmentalmanagement—Guidelinesfor environmental due diligence assessment)国际标准。本文重点介绍了ISO14015:2022国际标准的总体框架,阐释了关键术语和定义,并对重点技术内容进行了研究分析,旨在使我国组织更好地理解ISO14015:2022国际标准的核心思想与技术要旨,从而有助于组织依据本标准所提供的方法指南更加规范和有效地开展环境尽职调查评估工作。展开更多
文摘Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) are designed to evaluate all reasonably foreseeable environmental consequences of human activities. Appropriate governmental scientists traditionally produced EIAs for management agencies in many countries. However, many EIAs are now contracted out, often to the lowest bidder without due consideration of expertise. Others suffer from limited agency resources. Consequently, many EIAs have become insufficiently researched documents that draw heavily from previous EIAs while being rushed to completion to meet legislative deadlines or avoid delaying projects. Habitual treatment of topics often ignores recent scientific literature, perpetuating previous misconceptions and analytical flaws. Common problems in EIAs discussing wildlife include: a focus on lethal takes, with little consideration of non-lethal impacts or habitat degradation;a general dismissal of the possibility that non-significant (to the resource) impacts can, when combined, become significant;and the assumption that behavioral habituation in animals represents an end of impact. Incentive to break the cycle is somewhat lacking in this now often commercially competitive environment, where contracts are increasingly awarded by industry, generating potential conflict of interest. We believe investment in thorough, impartially written, scientifically-based and up-to-date EIAs is important for appropriately representing and managing ecosystems and their resources and avoiding potentially expensive litigation.
基金This work was financially supported by the Public Welfare Industry(Agriculture)Research Funding Project(Grant No.201303091).
文摘The management of livestock waste is an effective way to achieve emission reduction and carbon fixation in agriculture and rural areas.At present,aerobic composting and anaerobic fermentation are widely used in livestock waste treatment technology.In this study,pig manure management was taken as an example,a comprehensive environmental load index was constructed to quantitatively evaluate the environmental impacts of global warming,environmental acidification,eutrophication,and photochemical ozone synthesis during aerobic composting and anaerobic fermentation based on the life cycle assessment.The results showed that the potential values of aerobic composting and anaerobic fermentation were similar,and the order was global warming,environmental acidification,eutrophication,and photochemical ozone synthesis.Anaerobic fermentation contributed more to global warming,while aerobic composting contributed more to environmental acidification,eutrophication,and photochemical ozone synthesis.In addition,the environmental load index of aerobic composting was significantly higher than that of anaerobic fermentation.There were certainly regional differences in the environmental load index,and the environmental impact effect of anaerobic fermentation was low and more environmentally friendly.These findings provided a technical basis for livestock manure management in different regions of China,which was conducive to promoting animal husbandry emission reduction and carbon sequestration.
文摘组织越来越重视了解与其项目、资产、活动以及可能被其他组织收购的项目与资产相关的环境问题。这些问题及其对组织业务所产生的影响可通过环境尽职调查(EDD)进行评估。ISO/TC207/SC2环境审核与相关环境调查分委会于2022年6月正式发布了ISO14015:2022《环境管理环境尽职调查评估指南》(Environmentalmanagement—Guidelinesfor environmental due diligence assessment)国际标准。本文重点介绍了ISO14015:2022国际标准的总体框架,阐释了关键术语和定义,并对重点技术内容进行了研究分析,旨在使我国组织更好地理解ISO14015:2022国际标准的核心思想与技术要旨,从而有助于组织依据本标准所提供的方法指南更加规范和有效地开展环境尽职调查评估工作。
