Natural Gas Types,Distribution Controlling Factors,and Future Exploration in the Western Qaidam Basin

The Paleogene and Neogene oil and gas in the western Qaidam basin have a regular distribution in three concentric zones from the edge to the center of the basin. Natural gas mainly occurs in the inner zone, and the gas-oil ratio of the northern area of the basin is significantly higher than that of the southern area. Large amounts of carbon isotope data of natural gas, plotted in X- shaped and comprehensive identification diagrams for the southern area and northern area, respectively, were used to identify the types of natural gas. The large-scale distribution of natural gas is highly consistent with the Ro values of major source rocks, but is poorly correlated with the type of organic matter. This indicates that the main controlling factor of natural gas distribution is organic matter maturity, and the kerogen types act as the basis for the formation of different types of natural gas. Paleouplifts and squeezed anticlines near hydrocarbon generation depression centers, which are major natural gas-rich regions, control the migration directions of natural gas, while hydrocarbon migration pathways and fault systems connecting gas sources are the most important factors for natural gas reservoir formation in the inner basin. Therefore, favorable zones for natural gas distribution can be predicted on the basis of the distribution of thermal evolution and the gas generation intensity of major source rocks as well as the structural map. The Shizigou-Youshashan- Yingdong-Dawusi, Youquanzi -Kaitemilike - Youdunzi, and Xiaoliangshan - Nanyishan - Dafengshan structural belts are favorable zones for natural gas accumulation. This study has important theoretical and practical significance for future natural gas exploration.

Fractal Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of High-Quality Tight Sandstone Reservoirs in the Southeastern Ordos Basin

Due to the complex conditions and strong heterogeneity of tight sandstone reservoirs,the reservoirs should be classified and the controlling factors of physical properties should be studied.Cast thin section observations,cathodoluminescence,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI)were used to classify and optimize the reservoir.The Brooks-Corey model and stepwise regression were used to study the fractal dimension and main controlling factors of the physical properties of the high-quality reservoir.The results show that the reservoirs in the study area can be divided into four types,and the high-quality reservoir has the best physical properties and pore-throat characteristics.In the high-quality reservoir,the homogeneity of transitional pores was the best,followed by that of micropores,and the worst was mesopores.The porosity was controlled by depth and kaolinite.The model with standardized coefficients is y=12.454−0.778×(Depth)+0.395×(Kaolinite).The permeability was controlled by depth,illite/montmorillonite,and siliceous cement,and the model with standardized coefficients is y=1.689−0.683×(Depth)−0.395×(Illite/Montmorillonite)−0.337×(Siliceous Cement).The pore-throat evolutionary model shows that the early-middle diagenetic period was when the reservoir physical properties were at their best,and the kaolinite intercrystalline pores and residual intergranular pores were the most important.

Enrichment model and major controlling factors of below-source tight oil in Lower Cretaceous Fuyu reservoirs in northern Songliao Basin,NE China

Based on the geochemical,seismic,logging and drilling data,the Fuyu reservoirs of the Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation in northern Songliao Basin are systematically studied in terms of the geological characteristics,the tight oil enrichment model and its major controlling factors.First,the Quantou Formation is overlaid by high-quality source rocks of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation,with the development of nose structure around sag and the broad and continuous distribution of sand bodies.The reservoirs are tight on the whole.Second,the configuration of multiple elements,such as high-quality source rocks,reservoir rocks,fault,overpressure and structure,controls the tight oil enrichment in the Fuyu reservoirs.The source-reservoir combination controls the tight oil distribution pattern.The pressure difference between source and reservoir drives the charging of tight oil.The fault-sandbody transport system determines the migration and accumulation of oil and gas.The positive structure is the favorable place for tight oil enrichment,and the fault-horst zone is the key part of syncline area for tight oil exploration.Third,based on the source-reservoir relationship,transport mode,accumulation dynamics and other elements,three tight oil enrichment models are recognized in the Fuyu reservoirs:(1)vertical or lateral migration of hydrocarbon from source rocks to adjacent reservoir rocks,that is,driven by overpressure,hydrocarbon generated is migrated vertically or laterally to and accumulates in the adjacent reservoir rocks;(2)transport of hydrocarbon through faults between separated source and reservoirs,that is,driven by overpressure,hydrocarbon migrates downward through faults to the sandbodies that are separated from the source rocks;and(3)migration of hydrocarbon through faults and sandbodies between separated source and reservoirs,that is,driven by overpressure,hydrocarbon migrates downwards through faults to the reservoir rocks that are separated from the source rocks,and then migrates laterally through sandbodies.Fourth,the differences in oil source conditions,charging drive,fault distribution,sandbody and reservoir physical properties cause the differential enrichment of tight oil in the Fuyu reservoirs.Comprehensive analysis suggests that the Fuyu reservoir in the Qijia-Gulong Sag has good conditions for tight oil enrichment and has been less explored,and it is an important new zone for tight oil exploration in the future.

Main Controlling Factors and Accumulation Model of Chang 9 Reservoir in Northwest Ordos Basin, China

In northwestern Ordos Basin, the Triassic reservoir Chang 9 has favorable reservoir forming conditions, extensive reservoir development, and huge potential for oil exploration and exploitation. Studying the main controlling factors and accumulation model of Chang 9 reservoir in this area can provide a basis for the production targets, and assist in formulating reasonable development technology policy. In this paper, to explore and summarize the hydrocarbon accumulation model, the Chang 9 reservoir were analyzed from the aspects of oil source, fracture, oil migration, structure, lithology and reservoir physical properties for the main controlling factors in this area. Organic geochemical and geological comprehensive analysis that the oil-source of the Chang 9 reservoir in the northwest of Ordos Basin is derived from Chang 7 hydrocarbon source rocks. The fractures provide a sound channel for the "vertical multi-point filling" of the oil source from Chang 7 to Chang 9. The crude oil migrates vertically from Chang 7 to Chang 9, then expands horizontally to form a reservoir. Structures play an important role in controlling the distribution of reservoirs, the control by sand in small layer and physical property is also obvious. This paper creatively establishes the reservoir accumulation model of Chang 9 in northwest of Ordos Basin, which is characterized by Vertical multi-point filling, horizontal expansion becomes oil pool. It reveals the genetic mechanism of the development of Chang 9 multi-reservoir in the study area, which provides guidance for exploration and evaluation deployment.

Major controlling factors and hydrocarbon accumulation models of large-scale lithologic reservoirs in shallow strata around the Bozhong sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China

Based on the practice of oil and gas exploration and the analysis of shallow lithologic reservoirs,combined with the allocation relationship and enrichment law of oil and gas accumulation factors,main controlling factors and models of hydrocarbon accumulation of large lithologic reservoirs in shallow strata around the Bozhong sag are summarized,and favorable exploration areas are proposed.The coupling of the four factors of“ridge-fault-sand-zone”is crucial for the hydrocarbon enrichment in the shallow lithologic reservoirs.The convergence intensity of deep convergence ridges is the basis for shallow oil and gas enrichment,the activity intensity of large fault cutting ridges and the thickness of cap rocks control the vertical migration ability of oil and gas,the coupling degree of large sand bodies and fault cutting ridges control large-scale oil and gas filling,the fault sealing ability of structural stress concentration zones affects the enrichment degree of lithologic oil and gas reservoirs.Three enrichment models including uplift convergence type,steep slope sand convergence type and depression uplift convergence type are established through the case study of lithologic reservoirs in shallow strata around the Bozhong sag.

Pore-throat structure characteristics and its impact on the porosity and permeability relationship of Carboniferous carbonate reservoirs in eastern edge of Pre-Caspian Basin

Carboniferous carbonate reservoirs at the eastern edge of the Pre-Caspian Basin have undergone complex sedimentation,diagenesis and tectonism processes,and developed various reservoir space types of pores,cavities and fractures with complicated combination patterns which create intricate pore-throats structure.The complex pore-throat structure leads to the complex porosity-permeability relationship,bringing great challenges for classification and evaluation of reservoirs and efficient development.Based on the comprehensive analysis on cores,thin sections,SEM,mercury intrusion,routine core analysis and various tests,this paper systematically investigated the features and main controlling factors of pore-throats structure and its impact on the porosity-permeability relationship of the four reservoir types which were pore-cavity-fracture,pore-cavity,pore-fracture and pore,and three progresses are made.(1)A set of classification and descriptive approach for pore-throat structure of Carboniferous carbonate reservoirs applied to the eastern edge of the Pre-Caspian Basin was established.Four types of pore-throat structures were developed which were wide multimodal mode,wide bimodal mode,centralized unimodal mode and asymmetry bimodal mode,respectively.The discriminant index of pore-throat structure was proposed,realizing the quantitative characterization of pore-throat structure types.(2)The microscopic heterogeneity of pore reservoir was the strongest and four types of pore-throat structures were all developed.The pore-fracture and pore-cavity-fracture reservoirs took the second place,and the microscopic heterogeneity of pore-cavity reservoir was the weakest.It was revealed that the main controlling factor of pore-throat structure was the combination patterns of reservoir space types formed by sedimentation,diagenesis and tectonism.(3)It was revealed that the development of various pore-throat structure types was the important factor affecting poroperm relationship of reservoirs.The calculation accuracy of permeability of reservoirs can be improved remarkably by subdividing the pore-throat structure types.This study deepens the understanding of pore-throat structure of complicated carbonate reservoirs,and is conducive to classification and evaluation,establishment of precise porosity-permeability relationship and highly efficient development of carbonate reservoirs.

准噶尔盆地中拐凸起东斜坡上乌尔禾组常规—致密油藏主控因素及成藏模式

准噶尔盆地中拐凸起东斜坡上乌尔禾组油气资源丰富,是效益勘探及建产的重要领域。应用测录井、生产测试及岩心分析化验资料,研究中拐凸起东斜坡上乌尔禾组储层特征,明确储层差异性的主控因素,建立中拐凸起东斜坡常规—致密油藏序次分布的成藏模式。结果表明:自北部向南部,研究区逐步由常规油藏转化为致密油藏,沉积作用是造成储层差异性的物质基础,控制储层岩性及原始物性,压实作用和浊沸石胶结作用加剧储层常规—致密差异演化;研究区成岩相带划分为泥质充填带、贫泥—弱胶结带、浊沸石胶结带和强压实—弱溶蚀带4种相带,其中贫泥—弱胶结带为有利储层发育带。该结果为研究区致密油藏勘探提供指导。

四川盆地东部上石炭统黄龙组规模储层形成主控因素与发育模式

石炭系黄龙组是四川盆地东部地区(以下简称川东地区)重要的天然气产层之一,石炭系储层是控制气藏发育的关键因素。为了深入评价川东地区黄龙组储层,拓展勘探新领域,寻找接替区,在前人研究的基础上,应用大量钻井、岩心、露头和分析化验等资料,系统研究了黄龙组储层发育的主控因素和发育模式,并预测规模储层的展布。研究结果表明:(1)黄龙组储集岩主要为颗粒白云岩、角砾白云岩和晶粒白云岩,储集空间主要为晶间孔/晶间溶孔、粒间溶孔/粒内溶孔、溶洞和裂缝,颗粒滩为有利储集体,裂缝-溶蚀孔洞型储层质量好;(2)储层发育主要受乐山—龙女寺古隆起和开江古隆起、沉积作用及成岩作用的共同控制,古隆起控制颗粒滩分布和准同生期成岩作用,是规模成储的基础,准同生期白云石化作用、层间岩溶和风化壳岩溶作用的叠加是形成规模储层的关键,喜马拉雅构造运动产生大量构造裂缝,提高了储层的渗滤性和规模性;(3)一定厚度和较大面积的Ⅰ—Ⅲ类储层可形成规模储层区,对5个规模储层发育区进行了评价,已发现气藏主要分布在这5个区域的背斜构造部位。结论认为,川东地区石炭系仍有较大的天然气勘探开发潜力,向斜区发育大面积的规模储层,是下一步天然气增储上产的重要方向。

柴达木盆地干柴沟地区古近系下干柴沟组上段页岩层系优势岩相及其控储因素

柴达木盆地干柴沟地区页岩油勘探近年获得重要突破,研究高原咸化湖盆岩相与储层特征对甜点识别具有重要意义。通过岩心和薄片观察、全岩矿物组成和原位微量元素分布测试、大面积视域扫描拼接成像、高压压汞与氮气吸附实验以及一维核磁共振分析,判识了岩相类型,系统研究了页岩储集性和含油性差异,提出了优势岩相和控储主因。研究结果表明:研究区储层有块状灰云岩(碳酸盐矿物含量>70%)、层状灰云岩(碳酸盐矿物含量50%~70%)、纹层状混积岩(碳酸盐矿物含量10%~50%)和断续状水平层理混积岩(碳酸盐矿物含量10%~50%)4种岩相。块状灰云岩和层状灰云岩孔隙以晶间孔为主,储集空间大且连通性好,孔隙中含油指数高,为优势岩相;纹层状混积岩基质孔隙发育较差,纹层密集发育的混积岩渗透性较好;断续状水平层理混积岩孔、缝不发育,储集性较差。优势岩相成储过程受3方面因素控制:①碳酸盐矿物组构决定宏孔发育程度;②陆源长英质细粒沉积物和黏土矿物含量控制比表面吸附性;③纹层发育程度最终改善储层渗透性能。

川东北元坝地区上三叠统须家河组天然裂缝发育特征与主控因素

川东北元坝地区上三叠统须家河组致密砂岩储层物性较差,天然裂缝的发育改善了储层物性。天然裂缝是主要的储集空间和渗流通道,对天然气的运移、成藏和高产有着重要的影响。本文根据地表露头、岩心、薄片和成像测井等资料,对元坝地区须家河组天然裂缝成因类型及发育特征进行研究,并分析控制天然裂缝发育的主控因素。结果表明,研究区主要发育构造成因的低角度和高角度剪切裂缝,主要方位为NW-SE(300°±10°)和NEE-SWW(70°±5°)向,有效性好;裂缝充填程度较低,有效性好。构造部位、岩性和岩层厚度为影响裂缝发育的主要因素。鼻状构造部位及断层上升盘距离断层面400 m以内、垂直断距在60~120 m之间、北西向断层延伸线拐点附近为裂缝发育的有利部位,有利于天然气高产;中细粒石英砂岩和细粒长石岩屑砂岩中裂缝最为发育;高能量环境规模砂体(高石英含量,低泥质含量)更有利于裂缝发育;裂缝发育程度与岩层厚度呈明显的负相关关系,当岩层厚度小于1 m时,裂缝密度大,发育程度高。

川中龙女寺地区中二叠统茅口组储层特征及其主控因素

近年来,川中龙女寺地区JT1井和MX145井等多口钻井在中二叠统茅口组获得高产工业气流,展现出茅口组良好的勘探开发潜力,但由于储层特征及其发育主控因素不清楚,严重制约了龙女寺地区茅口组进一步的油气勘探。以川中龙女寺地区茅口组储层为对象,开展储层岩性、物性和孔喉结构等地质特征及地球化学特征研究,提出了川中龙女寺地区中二叠统茅口组优质储层主控因素。研究结果表明:(1)龙女寺地区茅口组储层岩性为白云岩及灰岩2类,晶粒白云岩、角砾白云岩和颗粒灰岩为主要储层岩石类型。白云岩储层可划分为3大类、6个亚类,灰岩储层可划分为4大类、5个亚类。(2)晶间孔、非选择性溶孔和溶洞为茅口组储层主要储集空间类型,裂缝-孔洞型储层的构造-溶蚀缝、洞体系储集空间大,分布广泛且连通性好,为有利储层。(3)茅口组储层具有“沉积作用-白云石化作用构建骨架,岩溶作用-构造作用叠加改造”的形成与发育模式。沉积作用、白云石化作用和构造作用是优质储层的主要控制因素,角砾白云岩为优质储集岩。

致密油储层含油性主控因素及分布特征——以鄂尔多斯盆地红河油田36井区长8油层组为例

鄂尔多斯盆地红河油田地质条件复杂,含油非均质性极强,导致水平井产能差异及开发难度大。文中基于钻、测、录井及岩心测试、生产动态等资料,对红河油田36井区长8油层组含油性主控因素及含油饱和度分布特征开展了研究。结果表明:1)红河油田由于油气充注强度整体较低,呈现“大面积含油、局部富集”的特点。2)断裂与储层物性是控制含油性的2个主要因素,不同尺度断裂及其伴(派)生裂缝带的含油性差异大。其中:中尺度断裂及其伴(派)生裂缝带既是良好的源-储输导体系,也能改善储层物性,是主要的油气富集带(区);裂缝带以外的基质区主要受储层物性影响,在优质储层发育部位,可发育形成次油气富集区。3)研究区存在断-缝输导成藏和源-储接触成藏2种油气成藏模式,由此建立了长8油层组致密油藏含油性差异成因模式,明确了高含油饱和度区呈“裂缝带内条带状分布、裂缝带以外沿优质储层片状分布”的特征,“雁列式中尺度断裂+优质储层”部位为有利的开发目标区。

姬塬地区长8油层组储层特征分析

为确定长8油层储层现今表征,储层物性受黏土矿物胶结物控制模式,储层沉积作用和沉积后期所经历的成岩变化,通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜等方法研究了储层基本特征和成岩作用及沉积作用,在整体低渗的背景下,部分位于相对渗透率较高区域的油井有较高的产量,理清研究区长8储层富集规律,对地区内岩石孔隙度下降因素进行剖析。结果表明,姬塬地区有利储层多发育水下分流河道和河口坝沉积,特别是砂体中心部位储层物性是最好,可见长8油层组的储集性能和渗流性能好,即粒间孔型、粒间孔+溶孔型和溶孔+粒间孔型。溶孔型、粒间孔+微孔型两种孔隙组合类型的渗流性能较差。微孔型和溶孔+微孔型两种孔隙组合类型的储集空间主要由半径极小的微孔构成,连通性较差,其孔隙内表面积和渗流阻力,储集性能和渗流性能较差。

鄂尔多斯盆地环江地区长8_(1)亚段东西部储层对比研究

鄂尔多斯盆地环江地区三叠系延长组长8_(1)亚段东西部储层储集性能差异明显,造成环江地区东西部油藏富集规律不同。通过岩心观察、测井曲线对比、岩石薄片鉴定以及压汞曲线分析等方法,厘清了环江地区三叠系延长组长8_(1)亚段东西部储层基本特征,进而分析了研究区储层致密成因和东西部储层差异主控因素。结果显示:①环江地区长8_(1)亚段东西部储层以岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主,粒度西部粗于东部,储集空间类型以剩余原生粒间孔为主,次生长石溶孔次之,填隙物含量较高;②东西部物性差异明显,西部山城罗山川地区孔隙度和渗透率分别为10.71%、6.44 mD,发育低孔特低渗储层,有相当一部分地区能达到中孔低渗,东部大巴咀涝池口至洪德以东地区孔隙度和渗透率分别为5.63%、0.13 mD,基本为特低孔超低渗致密储层;③物源供给、沉积作用和古地形是研究区西部储层物性好于东部的先天地质因素,其中沉积作用和古地形控制着储层砂体厚度和空间展布等宏观特征,物源供给影响储层沉积岩石粒度大小分布和填隙物分布等微观特征。成岩作用是降低研究区东西部储层整体物性的关键因素。

松辽盆地榆树林油田葡萄花油层微油藏成藏主控因素与模式

针对榆树林油田葡萄花油层油藏规模小、类型多、成藏主控因素不明的问题,基于各构造单元油藏分类及分布研究,利用生排烃模拟、古构造恢复及运移模拟开展了断层活动期与成藏关系、有效储层等成藏主控因素研究,明确了榆树林油田葡萄花油层微油藏的成藏模式。结果表明:研究区葡萄花油层共发育3类断层油藏和岩性、断层-岩性油藏等5种油藏;微油藏的形成受“源、断、脊、砂”4个因素的耦合控制,具有较高排烃强度的高成熟烃源岩控制了油藏的宏观分布;油气沿古构造脊向大规模成藏前形成的尚家、尚南古隆起高部位“单向两路”运移,主成藏期开启的Ⅰ、Ⅱ类断层是油气垂向输导通道,在运移路径上的有效储层是油气聚集的有利目标;建立了西部向斜区“源储叠置、断层垂向输导、有利砂体连续聚集”、中部斜坡区“源储紧邻、断-砂联合侧向运聚、有效储层相对富集”和东部隆起区“源储分离、断+砂远源侧向运聚、脊上有效储层聚集”等3种成藏模式。研究成果可为榆树林油田葡萄花油层进一步的勘探开发提供理论指导。

苏北盆地高邮凹陷阜二段页岩储层裂缝发育特征及有利勘探区评价与预测

针对页岩储层天然裂缝发育有利区难以合理预测的问题,以岩心、薄片、成像测井等资料为基础,开展储层天然裂缝成因类型、发育特征及主控因素评价。结果表明:高邮凹陷阜二段主要发育构造裂缝和层理缝,部分岩心可观察到同沉积裂缝、肠状裂缝和超压裂缝;其中构造裂缝以高角度有效缝为主,交叉节点类型主要为Y形和X形,节点数量(C_(L))多数处于2.00~3.57,裂缝处于连通状态并且连通性较好;构造裂缝和层理缝中含油性较好,验证了裂缝对页岩油气存储和输导的重要作用;构造裂缝主要受主干断层发育及地层褶皱影响,距离主干断层越近,裂缝发育密度越高;地层弯曲度越大,裂缝发育密度越高;层理缝主要受生烃增压影响,与局部高w(TOC)地层的超压发育关系密切;据此预测高邮凹陷阜二段页岩储层构造裂缝发育Ⅰ类有利区4个、Ⅱ类有利区4个,层理缝发育Ⅰ类有利区2个、Ⅱ类有利区4个,预测结果有效指导了该区页岩油气勘探开发工作。研究成果可为页岩储层天然裂缝预测奠定基础并提供参考依据。

四川盆地复兴地区侏罗系纹层型页岩油气富集主控因素

四川盆地复兴地区侏罗系发育多套富有机质页岩,多口井试获高产工业油气流。明确不同页岩岩相沉积储层特征及富集主控因素对勘探部署具有重要意义。基于岩心精细描述、实验分析及钻井勘探实践,开展了陆相地层细粒沉积岩岩相划分与对比、储层精细表征、油气藏类型及富集高产主控因素解剖,形成了以下几点认识:(1)复兴地区侏罗系发育自流井组东岳庙段一亚段、凉高山组二段下亚段两套半深湖相优质页岩,具有多层叠置、中等有机碳含量、纹层发育、源储一体及高气油比特征;两套目的层页岩岩性复杂,为此,建立了基于“颜色—有机碳含量—沉积结构—矿物成分”四元岩相划分方案,明确了灰黑色高碳粉砂纹层型黏土页岩为凉二段下亚段有利岩相,灰黑色高碳介屑纹层、粉砂介屑纹层型黏土页岩为东一亚段有利岩相,3种有利岩相在研究区横向分布稳定。(2)灰黑色高碳粉砂纹层、介屑纹层、粉砂介屑纹层型黏土页岩具有“多孔共生、大孔大喉、孔缝一体”的储集特征,储集物性好、渗透率高,利于页岩油气在孔—缝储集体系中高效储集流动。(3)东一亚段为凝析气藏,凉二段下亚段为挥发性油藏。(4)明确了陆相页岩油气富集主控因素:中高生烃潜力、强滞留率为纹层型页岩油气富集提供物质基础;良好的成烃—成岩—成储—成藏配置关系利于油气聚集成藏;微裂缝发育及合适的热演化程度利于烃类富集及流动;大型宽缓向斜及高压—超压条件利于烃类持续保存。

松辽盆地北部下白垩统扶余油层源下致密油富集模式及主控因素

基于地球化学、地震、测井和钻井等资料,对松辽盆地北部下白垩统泉头组扶余油层地质特征、致密油富集主控因素及富集模式等进行系统分析。研究表明:①泉头组上覆上白垩统青山口组优质烃源岩,环凹鼻状构造发育,沉积砂体大面积连续分布,储层整体致密;②优质烃源岩、储层、断裂、超压和构造等多要素配置联合控制扶余油层致密油富集。源储匹配关系控制致密油分布格局;源储压差为致密油富集提供充注动力;断砂输导体系决定油气运移和富集;正向构造是致密油富集的有利场所,断垒带是向斜区致密油勘探重点突破区带;③基于源储关系、输导方式、富集动力等要素建立扶余油层致密油3种富集模式,一是源储对接油气垂向或侧向直排式:“源储紧邻、超压驱动、油气垂向倒灌或源储侧向对接运聚”;二是源储分离断裂输导式:“源储分离、超压驱动、断裂输导,油气通过断层向下运移到砂体富集”;三是源储分离断砂匹配式:“源储分离、超压驱动、断裂输导、砂体调整、油气下排后通过砂体侧向运移富集”;④油源条件、充注动力、断裂分布、砂体以及储层物性等方面的差异性造成扶余油层致密油的差异富集,齐家—古龙凹陷扶余油层具有较好富集条件,勘探程度低,是未来致密油探索重要新区带。

四川盆地蓬莱气区震旦系灯影组二段储层特征及其控制因素

蓬莱气区震旦系灯影组天然气勘探取得重大突破,单井产量屡创新高,显示了蓬莱气区灯二段良好的规模资源潜力。但目前该区沉积、储层特征及其主控因素仍未明确,优质储层预测存在极大困难,严重阻碍了下步勘探部署和储量升级。在此背景下,为进一步深化蓬莱气区沉积储层特征研究并揭示优质储层主控因素,利用最新的岩电、地震及分析测试资料,对蓬莱气区灯二段开展新一轮沉积储层研究。结果表明:灯二段储集岩性为丘滩相凝块、砂屑云岩,储集空间包括孔隙、溶洞及裂缝三大类,储层展布纵向上差异大,平面上连续性较强。优质储层发育受沉积相带、岩溶作用及成岩作用的共同控制,其中,沉积相带是灯二段优质储层形成的基础;岩溶作用决定了储层储集性能;后期成岩作用是影响灯二段优质储层形成的重要因素。灯二段整体含气性良好,发育多个大型岩性圈闭,研究认为岩溶改造下的丘滩相岩性圈闭体是下步勘探的有利目标区带,亦是盆地天然气万亿方资源增储上产新阵地。该研究为明确蓬莱气区灯二段沉积、储层特征及其主控因素提供了基础材料与研究实例,以期为后续勘探开发工作提供借鉴。

柴西南区岩性油气藏地质特征及控制因素

近年来,柴达木盆地在咸化湖相滩坝砂中发现了多个“小而肥”的岩性油气藏。为了拓展岩性油气勘探规模、发现新的目标及区带,支撑油田规模增储上产,利用岩心、测井和地震资料,开展岩性油气藏成藏条件综合分析。通过解剖已发现岩性油气藏特征,明确控制因素,指出了岩性油气藏勘探接替领域。结果表明,柴西南区具备形成岩性油气藏的四大有利条件:一是发育继承性的七个泉—红柳泉、砂西—跃进、扎哈泉—乌南三大稳定的古斜坡,利于油气聚集成藏;二是临近红狮和扎哈泉两个生烃中心,油源条件优越;三是咸化湖盆发育大型辫状河三角洲、广覆式分布的滨浅湖滩坝砂及藻席—灰云坪沉积,形成碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩两种互补型的储集体;四是发育多种疏导体系,纵向上可以形成多套含油层系。受古构造、沉积、成岩等多因素控制,柴西南区发育砂岩上倾尖灭型、砂岩透镜体型、物性封堵型和白云石化成岩圈闭四种类型岩性油气藏。岩性油气藏受古构造、优质源岩和有效储层三因素控制。古构造决定岩性圈闭的类型和油气运移方向;优质烃源岩控制岩性油气藏的分布及规模;有效储层控制岩性油气藏的富集。综合评价指出,辫状河三角洲前缘砂体是古近系下干柴沟组下段岩性勘探的有利区,主要分布在砂西、尕斯、乌南向盆内的倾末端;白云石化成岩圈闭是古近系下干柴沟组上段岩性勘探的有利区,主要分布在环红狮凹陷周缘;广覆式分布滩坝是新近系上干柴沟组、下油砂山组岩性油气藏勘探的有利区,主要分布在英雄岭、尕斯、扎哈泉、乌南等地区。这一认识支撑了切探2井、尕斯新层系等岩性勘探获得一系列重大突破,可为柴西南区岩性油气藏的下一步勘探提供指导。