Does China's digital economy contribute to low-carbon transition?

The digital economy,as a new emerging economic form,has become an important power for realizing Chinese-style modernization and promoting green development in China.This paper measures the digital economy and low-carbon transition index based on the data of 30 provinces in China from 2013 to 2020 and analyzes the mechanism and path of the digital economy affecting low-carbon transition using the fixed effect panel data model and the threshold effect model.It is found that,(1)The digital economy and low-carbon transition in China are various in different regions,with characteristics of being unbalanced and insufficient.(2)The digital economy significantly promotes low-carbon transition,with the greatest influence in the Central region,followed by the Eastern region and the Western region.Under different dimensions,the development of informatization and digital transactions promote low-carbon transition,but the development of the internet plays an inhibiting role.(3)The higher the degree of urbanization and environmental regulation,the greater the influence of the digital economy on low-carbon transition.

Performance Evaluation of Low-Carbon and Clean Transformation of China’s Coal Economy

In China,the oversupply of coal occurred in 2009,and from that year onwards,China’s coal economy began a low-carbon and clean transformation.Evaluating transformation performance is the research goal of this paper.The data collection for this paper includes data on deep processing of Chinese coal products from 2009 to 2020,as well as data on asset structure evolution and financial performance of 34 listed companies in the Chinese coal mining.Entropy value method is used to calculate the entropy value of low-carbon transformation,and the regression analysis is used to study the performance of cleaner transformation,the conclusion is as follows:(1)From 2009 to 2020,in China’s total energy consumption,coal consumption accounted for 71.6%in 2009 and 56.8%in 2020,the goals set by the state have been achieved.(2)The national goal of reducing the proportion of coal consumption and reducing carbon emissions has forced the transformation of deep processing of coal products.The transformation of coal enterprises towards low-carbon and clean production has achieved remarkable results.(3)From 2009 to 2020,the non coal industry income of 34 listed companies in China’s coal mining industry increased by 8.21%annually.At the same time,the asset structure was adjusted,and nearly 80%of the asset structure evolution showed an orderly development trend.(4)The regression analysis results show that the entropy value of coal deep processing products and the entropy value of asset structure adjustment are significantly related to transformation performance.The paper proposes to summarize the successful experience of China’s coal energy economic transformation,lay a foundation for achieving the carbon peak and carbon neutral goals in the future,further increase the intensity of coal deep processing,increase the proportion of clean energy in total energy consumption,and strive to control asset operation towards the goal of increasing the proportion of non coal industry income.

The Low-Carbon Transition of Energy Systems:A Bibliometric Review from an Engineering Management Perspective

As a major solution to climate change,the low-carbon transition of energy systems has received growing attention in the past decade.This paper presents a bibliometric review of the literature on the low-carbon transition of energy systems from an engineering management perspective.First,the definition and boundaries of the energy system transition are clarified,covering transformation of the energy structure,decarbonization of fossil fuel utilization,and improvement in energy efficiency.Second,a systematic search of the related literature and a bibliometric analysis are conducted to reveal the research trends.It is found that the number of related publications has been growing exponentially during the past decade,with researchers from China,the United Kingdom,the United States,Germany,and the Netherlands comprising the majority of authors.Related studies with interdisciplinary characteristics appear in journals focusing on energy engineering,environmental science,and social science related to energy issues.Four major research themes are identified by clustering the existing literature:(1)low-carbon transition pathways with different spatiotemporal scales and transition constraints;(2)low-carbon technology diffusion with a focus on renewable energy technologies,pollution control technologies,and other technologies facilitating the energy transition;(3)infrastructure network planning for energy systems covering various sectors and regions;and(4)transition-driving mechanisms from the political,economic,social,and natural perspectives.These four topics play distinct but mutually supportive roles in facilitating the low-carbon transition of energy systems,and require more in-depth research on designing resilient low-carbon transition pathways with coordinated goals,promoting low-carbon technologies with cost-effective and reliable infrastructure network deployment,and balancing multi-level risks in various systems.Finally,business models,nongovernment actors,energy justice,deep decarbonization,and zero-energy buildings are recognized as emerging hot topics.

Global Clean Energy Transition and China’s Role

The world today is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century.A raft of crises,includ­ing climate change,soaring energy price and sluggish economic growth,are dragging behind the achievement of the UN 2030 Sustainable Develop­ment Goals.Clean energy represented by wind,solar,biomass and green hydrogen,as the mainstay of next generation energy economic system.

China's low-carbon transition for addressing climate change

This study discusses high-carbon characteristics, the unsustainability of China's development, and the fact that China needs to transform its development mode. China's low-carbon transition must include industry structure adjustment, energy saving and efficiency increases, energy structure improvement, carbon sink development, adaptation capability, and low-carbon pilot schemes.Low-carbon urbanization is a key measure in China's low-carbon transition. China's urbanization faces high-carbon risks. Thus, this study presents a roadmap for transforming urbanization into a low-carbon one. The transition to low-carbon urbanization is a common trend in the developing world. There is a lot of room for international cooperation.

Characteristics of PM_(2.5) and Its Reactive Oxygen Species in Heating Energy Transition and Estimation of Its Impact on the Environment and Health in China——A Case Study in the Fenwei Plain

To reduce the adverse effects of traditional domestic solid fuel,the central government began implementing a clean heating policy in northern China in 2017.Clean coal is an alternative low-cost fuel for rural households at the present stage.In this study,18 households that used lump coal,biomass,and clean coal as the main fuel were selected to evaluate the benefits of clean heating transformation in Tongchuan,an energy city in the Fenwei Plain,China.Both indoor and personal exposure(PE)samples of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))were synchronically collected.Compared with the lump coal and biomass groups,the indoor PM_(2.5)concentration in the clean coal group is 43.6%and 20.0%lower,respectively,while the values are 16.8%and 21.3%lower,respectively,in the personal exposure samples.PM_(2.5)-bound elements Cd,Ni,Zn,and Mn strongly correlated with reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in all fuel groups,indicating that transition metals are the principal components to generate oxidative stress.Using a reliable estimation method,it is predicted that after the substitution of clean coal as a household fuel,the all-cause,cardiovascular,and respiratory disease that causes female deaths per year could be reduced by 16,6,and 3,respectively,in the lump coal group,and 22,8,and 3,respectively,in the biomass group.Even though the promotion of clean coal has led to impressive environmental and health benefits,the efficiencies are still limited.More environmental-friendly energy sources must be promoted in the rural regions of China.

Fueling the Clean Energy Transition

Climate change is a long-term battle for the international community;what the world needs now more than ever is a new“green”agenda.Like many a multilateral gathering over the past few years,the 2022 Annual Conference of the Boao Forum for Asia(BFA),a platform that promotes regional economic integration,placed special emphasis on low-carbon development.The event,running from April 20 to 22 in Boao,Hainan Province,homed in on green and sustainable growth as the world is reeling from the COVID-19 pandemic and global climate change.China received much attention.Among all the ambitious commitments on the global stage,the country’s“30-60”decarbonization goals,namely to peak carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060,stand out.

Carbon Neutrality-oriented Approach to Mid-and Long-term Low-Carbon Transition Towards the New Climate Change Goals

Green and low-carbon transition has become an important development direction for future global economy and society.President XI Jinping pointed out that it is necessary to incorporate the goal of peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality into the overall plan for economic and social development and ecological civilization construction.This is a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee in consideration of both the international and domestic situations,and has been highly praised by the international community.It will contribute to the pursuit of the goals of high-quality development and ecological progress,inject strong impetus into the international response to climate change and the full and effective implementation of the Paris Agreement,and add new momentum to the post-epidemic global green recovery as well as the building of a community for all life on earth.However,the realization of the dual carbon target is very challenging,facing with multiple constraints such as technology,capital and system.At the same time,it needs to coordinate the relationships between short-term and long-term,development and emission reduction,and international and domestic.This paper organically combines the long-term low-carbon development strategy with the two phased goals of socialist modernization,and puts forward the timetable,roadmap and priorities for China's dual carbon targets.Moreover,it provides countermeasures and suggestions to promote the orderly implementation of the dual carbon strategic goals from six aspects:industrial structure,energy structure,technological innovation,regional coordination,institutional policies and international cooperation.

Discussion on Natural Gas＇s Key Role in China＇s Energy-mix Transition

The evolution history of energy utilization around the world shows that a clean and low-carbon utilization of energy is the inevitable approach for dealing with climate change and for constructing a harmonious ecosystem.This paper focuses on the strategy options in China's energy-mix transition period based on an analysis of the global energy development trend.It is proved that using clean energy forms is critical to the realization of an energy transition in the country.As a result,natural gas is a practical choice,and structural reforms may help to bring its potential into full play.

拉美地区在国际能源新变局中的地位及前景

拉丁美洲地区能源资源丰富,随着巴西、圭亚那和苏里南等国规模巨大海上油田的发现,该地区再次成为世界石油工业的新热点。拉美国家是国际能源低碳转型的新生力量,特别是随着全球清洁能源发展加速,其在铜、锂、镍等关键矿产资源的优势进一步凸显。拉美地区是国际能源地缘政治博弈的重要赛场:美国对委内瑞拉石油制裁仍将持续;随着关键矿产重要性上升,拉美国家资源民族主义再度回潮,该地区存在较大的西方干涉风险与地缘政治压力;资源国间领土争端也成为国际市场稳定隐患。拉美地区基础设施和相关投资不足,清洁能源产业发展、关键矿产开发等都需要拉美国家加大投资力度,在自身资金和技术等受限的情况下,拉美有望成为国际能源资源投资的新热土。由于存在炼油能力和设备不足、管理缺位和腐败丛生、国家间政治差异突出、政策频繁变动以及围绕关键矿产的大国竞争等内外诸多问题,拉美地区能源产业的发展和资源优势的发挥仍将面临许多不确定因素。

Performance analysis of deep borehole heat exchangers for decarbonization of heating systems

Meeting the climate change mitigation targets will require a substantial shift from fossil to clean fuels in the heating sector.Heat pumps with deep borehole exchangers are a promising solution to reduce emissions.Here the thermal behavior of deep borehole exchangers(DBHEs)ranging from 1 to 2 km was analyzed for various heat flow profiles.A strong correlation between thermal energy extraction and power output from DBHEs was found,also influenced by the heating profile employed.Longer operating time over the year typically resulted in higher energy production,while shorter one yielded higher average thermal power output,highlighting the importance of the choice of heating strategy and system design for optimal performance of DBHEs.Short breaks in operation for regenerating the borehole,for example,with waste heat,proved to be favorable for the performance yielding an overall heat output close to the same as with continuous extraction of heat.The results demonstrate the usefulness of deep boreholes for dense urban areas with less available space.As the heat production from a single DBHE in Finnish conditions ranges from half up to even a few GWh a year,the technology is best suitable for larger heat loads.

欧盟对中东国家清洁能源外交的战略演进

欧盟对中东国家的清洁能源外交以清洁能源合作为手段,以推动欧盟对中东国家整体合作为目的,是经济逻辑与政治逻辑的复合体,也是欧盟能源政策和大周边治理政策的有机组成部分。其战略演进经历了三个历史阶段:第一阶段以维护周边稳定、保障能源安全为目的,欧盟在“巴塞罗那进程”、欧洲睦邻政策以及与海合会的合作协定中提出清洁能源合作倡议;第二阶段以增强气候治理话语权、减少中东国家碳排放为目的,通过与地中海南部沿岸国家塑造“强”制度下的相互依赖、与海湾地区发展“弱”制度下的双边合作,逐步建立了在中东地区的清洁能源合作优势;第三阶段为应对英国脱欧、美俄军事博弈和中美科技竞争的挑战,欧盟不断深化与中东国家的清洁能源合作,争夺清洁能源技术、标准和市场,双方在战略对接、清洁能源治理制度裂变、氢能和天然气等重点合作领域均取得一系列合作成果。随着欧盟寻求摆脱对俄罗斯的能源依赖、地中海天然气的开发,能源储量丰富的中东国家发挥战略自主性的空间不断增大,欧盟对中东的清洁能源外交将面临来自大国战略竞争和中东国家战略自主的双重挑战。

液态CO_(2)相变致裂技术在水下清礁中的应用

液态CO_(2)相变致裂是以CO_(2)为介质的物理膨胀过程,具有良好的安全性、可控性、适用性。目前,该技术在水下清礁中的应用案例较少,尚缺乏指导性操作方案。文章通过福建南平港延平新城港区洋坑作业区码头工程实例,提出CO_(2)相变致裂单孔能量计算方法,以及单方岩石致裂TNT当量初步取值,阐述了该技术在水下清礁施工中的主要技术参数推算方法。

资源民族主义主导下的印尼关键矿产战略论析

当前,关键矿产对各国发展战略具有重要影响。在资源民族主义的主导下,印尼政府从2009年开始系统推进对关键矿产的管理。自苏西洛政府起,印尼政府通过出台法规与政策限制关键矿产的出口,并在佐科政府时期进一步完善相关政策,形成系统性的关键矿产战略。受民族主义历史背景及佐科政府实用主义执政风格等国内动因,以及大宗商品市场价格波动及能源结构调整等国际动因的共同影响,印尼政府以镍为着眼点,不断丰富可用的政策工具,并且推动关键矿产管理与清洁能源转型目标相结合。印尼关键矿产战略的实施也面临机遇与挑战。印尼所拥有的矿产资源赋予其结构性权力,各国对清洁能源开发较为重视,印尼领导层平稳过渡带来了相对稳定的政治预期,这些因素均是印尼未来推动关键矿产战略的机遇。同时,关键矿产下游行业发展存在的相关技术问题、利益集团斗争和官僚制度缺陷给政策制定带来的负面影响,以及引入外资导致的社会问题,均构成了印尼进一步推动关键矿产战略的潜在挑战。中国应客观认识对印尼矿产投资的机遇与风险,将矿产进口来源多元化,并在多边平台上不断推动与其他国家的矿产合作。

抚顺煤炭矿区绿色低碳转型发展研究

阐述了随着煤炭资源的日益减少,抚顺煤炭矿区转产转型成为必然趋势。抚顺煤矿现有产业发展中存在固废利用不彻底、闲置排土场没有得到很好的利用、退煤闭坑煤矿生态恢复费用高、产业结构依赖化石能源等不利发展因素。抚顺煤矿通过进行资源循环利用研究、开展城市生活垃圾焚烧发电项目、在南西舍场利用废弃舍场开展光伏发电项目、开展西露天矿区域综治项目等一系列绿色低碳转型发展策略,取得了宝贵的发展经验。尤其是西露天矿整治方案结合了生态、旅游及经济产业发展的多重模式,成为退煤闭坑综合治理和整合利用的典型煤矿案例供学者和煤矿企业进行分析和研究。

城市轨道交通车辆踏面清扫系统

以上海轨道交通17号线西延伸项目车辆为例,论述了踏面清扫系统的应用背景,介绍了原理,分析了结构,并提出了控制方案,为城市轨道交通车辆踏面清扫系统的应用提供了参考。

Current Situation and Development of Refractories for Clean Steel Production

The low cost and high efficient clean steels metallur- gy has been focused much attention in China. Among the factors affecting the cleanliness and consequent quali- ty of steel products, refractories are one of the key fac- tors. Meanwhile the restriction of resource, energy and environment is getting stronger, thus the improvement of refractories becontes much more important. In this paper, refractories selection principle Jbr clean steel production according to their thermodynamic features was ex- plained; refractories for tundLsh and flow control in con- tinuous casting, which play important roles in prohibi- ring secondary contamination of molten steel, were intro- duced. Moreover, new development of low-carbon and carbon-free refractory materials was also described.

欧盟清洁能源供应链重塑的地缘化转向

近年来,欧盟加速对其清洁能源供应链进行重塑,从效率优先转为安全优先,在“政府之手”干预下,其供应链的政治化与地缘化转向日益明显。其背后动因来自欧盟在全球清洁能源供应链中的相对劣势地位与安全压力,国际格局变迁对欧盟安全威胁认知的强化,以及全球零碳竞赛对清洁能源供应链地缘政治效应的放大。在地缘政治逻辑驱动下,欧盟清洁能源供应链的重塑路径主要体现为:推动供应链本土化发展,打造战略自主的绿色工业体系;通过单一市场体量优势推动绿色单边立法,凸显自身在绿色供应链标准规则塑造中的主导力;不断拓展清洁能源供应链中的盟友体系和战略伙伴关系。鉴于欧盟在全球气候能源治理中的重要地位,其供应链重塑战略将对全球能源地缘格局变迁产生不可小觑的影响:不仅加速了全球清洁能源供应链的本土化和保守化发展,加剧了供应链重塑中的安全化与阵营化趋势,还导致清洁能源供应链的技术竞争和资源争夺更为激烈,其中,发展中国家清洁能源产业所面临的绿色标准和规范制约不断强化。

高比例风电渗透下考虑长短期储能的源-储-输联合规划优化

目前,世界各国正处于清洁能源转型发展的关键时刻。未来,随着风电比例的增加,以功率调节为主的储能技术将难以满足高比例风电渗透下长时间尺度的系统需求,亟需统筹优化短时功率和长期能量的双重调节。在源-储-输联合规划模型的基础上,考虑长短期储能的相互配合,提出了以系统综合成本最小化为目标的优化模型。结合负荷数据刻画不同风速变化的极端场景,重点对比分析了不同风荷匹配类型下源-储-输的规划结果。算例结果表明,在新型电力系统的发展过程中,所提联合优化模型能提高电网整体的经济效益,对推动“双碳”目标的实现具有重要的意义。

从天然气到氢:中国新型能源体系的演化

当前,世界能源体系正在经历新的变革。一方面人类正面临能源安全、生态危机、气候变化等威胁,能源体系需要适应清洁低碳发展模式;另一方面新能源逐渐成为主角,给整个能源体系带来新的挑战。结合国情来看中国新型能源体系的演化路径,各类能源在能源体系中的角色将逐渐变化。天然气是支撑现有能源体系向新型能源体系过渡的承上启下的一种能源;氢能将接续天然气,在多个领域发挥其清洁灵活的优良特性,成为新型能源体系最终的关键支撑。天然气与氢能产业链有较高的相通性,是引导氢能在多个环节破局的最佳选择。建议推进我国天然气行业的增储上产和市场化改革;加大对氢能产业的政策支持力度,大力发展天然气掺氢运输和掺氢应用,超前规划部署建设氢能基础设施。油气企业应以天然气业务为平台孵化氢能业务,提前谋划天然气替代产业。