Clean production of Fe-based amorphous soft magnetic alloys via smelting reduction of high-phosphorus iron ore and apatite

Separated preparation of prealloys and amorphous alloys results in severe solidification-remelting and beneficial element removal-readdition contradictions,which markedly increase energy consumption and emissions.This study offered a novel strategy for the direct production of FePC amorphous soft magnetic alloys via smelting reduction of high-phosphorus iron ore(HPIO)and apatite.First,the thermodynamic conditions and equilibrium states of the carbothermal reduction reactions in HPIO were calculated,and the element content in reduced alloys was theoretically determined.The phase and structural evolutions,as well as element migration and enrichment behaviors during the smelting reduction of HPIO and Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),were then experimentally verified.The addition of Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)in HPIO contributes to the enrichment of the P element in reduced alloys and the subsequent development of Fe_(3)P and Fe_(2)P phases.The content of P and C elements in the range of 1.52 wt% -14.63 wt% and 0.62 wt% -2.47 wt%,respectively,can be well tailored by adding 0-50 g Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)and controlling the C/O mole ratio of 0.8-1.1,which is highly consistent with the calculated results.These FePC alloys were then successfully formed into amorphous ribbons and rods.The energy consumption of the proposed strategy was estimated to be 2.00×10^(8) kJ/t,which is reduced by 30% when compared with the conventional production process.These results are critical for the comprehensive utilization of mineral resources and pave the way for the clean production of Fe-based amorphous soft magnetic alloys.

Clean Production for Chrome Free Leather by Using a Novel Triazine Compound

Based on a novel triazine compound,the properties of tanned leather and commercial feasibility in pilot scale have been investigated.Then this novel approach tanning was compared with conventional chrome tanning:in the condition of less-salt pickling and chrome free,the physicochemical properties including thermal stability and mechanical strength were analyzed.Meanwhile,the surface roughness and fiber dispersion were evaluated as well.The results show that the thermal stability and mechanical strength of the triazine compound tanned leather are similar to conventional chrome tanned leather,the fiber bundle is well-dispersed and much evener than that of chrome treating.The optimized tanning approach has obvious reduction in environmental impact and leads an excellent biodegradability of tanning liquor.In industrial application,the cost of materials and water treatment are reduced effectively.The production of chrome free leather can encourage the sustainable development of leather industry and protects ecological environment in some extent.

Clean Production of Steel and Refractories in China's Steel Industry

The paper describes the importance of clean production of steel and the relationships amongst sustaining development of steel industry, environment protection and the role of refractories in the clean production of steel. The main achievements and main shortcomings in the clean production of China ' s steel industry have been reviewed together with the introduction of the policy supporting system and the future development of clean production in China ' s steel industry.

Clean Production and Ecological Industry:A Key to Eco-city Development

Eco-city development is a healthy process towards sustainable development, within the carrying capacity of local ecosystem through changing production mode, consumption behavior and decision instrument based on ecological economics and system engineering. The key to its planning is an ecological integration to make trade-off between economic wealth and environmental health, between material and spiritual civilization, between natural and human eco-cybernetics. Integration, demonstration, citizens’ participation and scientists’ and technician’s catalyzing are the key instruments for the implementation of the ecocity plan. "Clean production" and "ecological industry" are key elements in comprehensive development towards an eco-city. Beyond the technical and management questions, how to interlink production, consumption and reduction at the local and regional level, the spatial and urban dimension should be considered in order to perform an integrative urban eco-space.

CLEAN PRODUCTION AND SMELTING REDUCTION TECHNOLOGY

Clean Production is the best method for iron-steel making industry to eliminate pollution thoroughly. In order to achieve this object, smelting reduction technology should play the key role. Furthermore, process integration method can be used to solve the problem of residual gas utilization by integrating smelting reduction process with direct reduced iron unit, gasoline, methanol or dimethyl ether synthesis unit, etc. A new smelting reduction process has been proposed which can be constructed on the present plant site. Since this process can directly treat the lump coal and iron ore fines, it reduces st6ps necessary in traditional blast furnace process and Corex smelting reduction process.

The practice of clean production in the Ironmaking Plant of Tangshan Iron & Steel Co.,Ltd.

The Ironmaking Plant of Tangshan Iron & Steel Co.Ltd.takes clean production as its orientation. It decreases silicon to smelt through increasing the entering furnace sinter ratio,stabilizing coke quality by tackling key problems,increasing coal injection ratio,as well as keeping the blast furnace smooth running and so on.The energy consumption of sinter working procedure has been greatly reduced through optimizing the ore blender structure,enhancing the quality of fuel and flux,increasing the quicklime amount,reclaiming the remaining heat of the annulus cooling system and deepening the material layer to sinter.We have achieved the repetition economy and the secondly resource has been used synthetically with advanced producing technics.The environment around the plant has been greatly improved by preventing,monitoring and fathering the moving pollution root,at the same time,the economy and environment development in phase has been greatly accelerated.

The Leading Role of Governments in Promoting Chinese Agricultural Clean Production

On the basis of summarizing agricultural clean production,the theoretical basis of the leading role displayed by the government in promoting agricultural clean production is expounded.The characteristics of agricultural products,such as the hidden environment quality of agricultural production,spillover of profits and the benefits,make governments to display the leading role in promoting agricultural clean production at the primary stage in particular.The restrictive factors in promoting Chinese agricultural clean production are put forward,which include idea restriction,technology restriction,talent restriction,economic restriction and policy restriction.Countermeasures which should be adopted by governments on promoting Chinese agricultural clean production are put forward.Firstly,the laws and regulations for promoting agricultural clean production should be established and perfected gradually;secondly,the evaluation system for agricultural clean production should be established;thirdly,the promotion on agricultural clean production should be intensified;fourthly,the practical technologies and applications of agricultural clean production should be guided;fifthly,the industrialized operation of ecological agriculture should be vigorously promoted.

A scenario-based clean diesel production strategy for China National Petroleum Corporation

Facing increasingly strict environmental regulations on transportation fuels, China National Petroleum Corporation （CNPC）, the second largest supplier of petroleum products in China, needs to upgrade its transportation fuels. Using the scenario-based analysis method, this paper analyzes how the output and emission related properties, including cetane number, and sulfur and aromatics contents of diesel produced by CNPC, will vary with changes in the configuration of diesel production units in the next 5-10 years. The results showed that, to upgrade its diesel, CNPC needs to adjust its diesel pool by decreasing the share of fluid catalytic cracking （FCC） diesel and increasing the shares of hydrocracking （HDC） and hydrotreating （HDT） diesel. Furthermore, to produce ultra-low-sulfur diesel, straight-run diesel as well as poor diesel blendstocks such as FCC diesel and coker diesel should be hydrotreated before being blended into finished diesel. Developing highly efficient HDC and HDT catalysts and corresponding processes is the key to CNPC economically producing more and cleaner diesel.

A scenario-based clean gasoline production strategy for China National Petroleum Corporation

Facing increasingly strict environmental regulations on transportation fuels, China National Petroleum Corp. （CNPC）, the second largest supplier of petroleum products in China, needs to upgrade its transportation fuels. Using the scenario-based analysis method, this paper analyzes how the emission related properties, including antiknock index, and sulfur, olefin, benzene and aromatics contents of gasoline produced by CNPC, vary with the change in the configuration of gasoline production units in the future 5-15 years. The results showed that for CNPC to upgrade its gasoline, the share of fluid catalytic cracking （FCC） naphtha must be reduced, but just increasing reformate or alkylate and isomerate will result in excessive increase in benzene and aromatics contents or a great loss of gasoline octane number. Therefore, CNPC should suitably control the capacity of its FCC units and increase the capacity of reformer, alkylation and isomerization units. Most importantly, CNPC should dramatically expand the capacity of its hydrotreating or non-hydrotreating gasoline upgrading units to decrease the olefin and sulfur contents in FCC gasoline that takes a dominant share of about 80% in the gasoline pool of China.

Current Situation and Development of Refractories for Clean Steel Production

The low cost and high efficient clean steels metallur- gy has been focused much attention in China. Among the factors affecting the cleanliness and consequent quali- ty of steel products, refractories are one of the key fac- tors. Meanwhile the restriction of resource, energy and environment is getting stronger, thus the improvement of refractories becontes much more important. In this paper, refractories selection principle Jbr clean steel production according to their thermodynamic features was ex- plained; refractories for tundLsh and flow control in con- tinuous casting, which play important roles in prohibi- ring secondary contamination of molten steel, were intro- duced. Moreover, new development of low-carbon and carbon-free refractory materials was also described.

Evaluation methods of man-machine-environment system for clean and safe production in phosphorus mines: A case study

Phosphorus is an essential element in agricultural production and chemical industry. However, since the risk of casualties and economic loss by mining accidents, the application of clean and safe production in phosphorus mines encounters great challenges. For this purpose, a man-machine-environment system composed of evaluation indexes was established, and the grading standards of indexes were defined. Firstly, the measurements of 39 qualitative indexes were obtained through the survey data. According to the measured values of 31 quantitative indexes, the measurements of quantitative indexes were calculated by linear measurement function(LM) and other three functions. Then the singleindex measurement evaluation matrixes were established. Secondly, the entropy weight method was used to determine the weights of each index directly. The analytic hierarchy process(AHP) was also applied to calculate the weights of index and index factor hierarchies after the established hierarchical model. The weights of system hierarchies were given by the grid-based fuzzy Borda method(GFB). The comprehensive weights were determined by the combination method of AHP and GFB(CAG). Furthermore, the multi-index comprehensive measurement evaluation vectors were obtained.Thirdly, the vectors were evaluated by the credible degree recognition(CDR) and the maximum membership(TMM)criteria. Based on the above functions, methods, and criteria, 16 combination evaluation methods were recommended.Finally, the clean and safe production grade of Kaiyang phosphate mine in China was evaluated. The results show that the LM-CAG-CDR is the most reasonable method, which can not only determine the clean and safe production grade of phosphorus mines, but also improve the development level of clean and safe mining of phosphorus mines for guidance.In addition, some beneficial suggestions and measures were also proposed to advance the clean and safe production grade of Kaiyang phosphorus mine.

科技创新推动茶叶质量安全全程管控能力提升

现阶段我国茶叶质量安全水平高,饮茶安全有保障。茶叶饮用安全得益于茶叶科技创新日益发展,茶园绿色防控技术、清洁化茶叶加工技术、茶叶质量安全精准检测技术与风险评估理论创新,将茶叶质量安全从末端监管调整到从茶园到茶杯的全过程,为茶叶质量安全风险监测、风险控制与风险管理提供强有力的科学支撑。性诱剂化学生态防控技术、杀虫灯与诱虫色板物理诱杀技术、茶尺蠖与茶毛虫病毒生物防治技术、以草抑草绿色除草技术等茶园绿色防控技术从源头提升了茶叶农药残留控制水平;清洁化能源加热替代传统的燃煤燃材加热方式,显著降低了茶叶加工中环境污染物和重金属等有害物质的污染;质谱创新技术将茶叶质量安全检测提升到高通量精准检测与非靶向筛查水平,速测创新技术前移了茶叶农药残留的监测环节。文章介绍了近年来我国茶叶质量安全水平,分析了科技创新对茶叶质量安全全程管控能力提升的推动作用。

环境目标约束对地方政府清洁生产型行业土地出让的影响

土地资源配置对产业发展具有重要的引导和支撑作用,优化配置工业用地对中国实现发展方式绿色转型发挥着重要的基础性作用。该研究从环境政策与地方领导干部政绩考核相结合的视角,以2007—2020年中国280个地级市的面板数据作为研究样本,分别采用固定效应模型、工具变量法、中介效应模型实证检验了环境目标约束对地方政府清洁生产型行业土地出让的影响及其作用机制,并进一步采用调节效应模型分析了地方政府面临的经济增长压力和财政压力所发挥的调节作用。研究结果表明:①环境目标约束能够显著促进地方政府增加清洁生产型行业土地出让,该结果在经过内生性处理和多种稳健性检验后依然成立。从土地供应政策、产业结构和领导干部特征差异性视角来看,分别在土地供给充裕、工业主导、在任市长非本地来源、在任市长年龄≤55岁的城市,环境目标约束对地方政府增加清洁生产型行业土地出让的促进作用显著。②机制分析发现,环境目标约束会促使地方政府通过提升环境规制强度、加大环境治理监管力度等途径增加清洁生产型行业土地出让。③进一步研究发现,地方政府面临的经济增长压力会削弱环境目标约束对其清洁生产型行业土地出让的促进作用,而财政压力则与环境目标约束的促进作用具有协同作用。以上结论表明中央实施的环境目标“硬约束”政策已促使地方政府在工业用地出让时向绿色产业偏向性配置,为中国实现环境污染治理和资源优化配置的“双赢”提供了重要的现实证据。

企业快速清洁生产审核工作的评估验收思考

随着二十余年来企业清洁生产审核工作的持续深入开展,审核模式也由最初的常规审核向快速审核与常规审核并行的模式发展。由于与常规审核在工作内容及方式上存在较大的不同,快速审核的评估与验收不能简单照搬常规审核评估验收的相关要求。为此,在常规审核评估与验收指南框架基础上,融入快速审核的特征内容,包括方案的组成、审核重点的确定与目标的设置、方案绩效的核算与清洁生产水平的提升等,形成快速审核的评估验收指南,为指导快速审核工作过程与规范快速审核工作的评估与验收提供科学的参考与借鉴。

火电行业清洁生产评价体系提级优化研究

火电是清洁生产审核的重点行业,《电力行业(燃煤发电企业)清洁生产评价指标体系》(以下简称“现行指标体系”)发布已超过5年,体系中的各项指标限值已明显滞后于火电技术的发展。结合碳达峰、碳中和背景下火电行业服务功能的转变,提出“现行指标体系”提级优化思路,优化了“现行指标体系”中的清洁生产定量和定性指标,建立了包含调峰深度与爬坡速率的机组供电煤耗修正计算方法,并以典型机组为对象验证了方法的合理性。

钙固化碱焙烧−水浸法从二次铝渣中分离氟和铝

设计一种钙固化碱焙烧−水浸出联合工艺处置二次铝渣,研究CaO用量、NaOH用量、焙烧温度和时间对铝溶出和氟固化行为的影响。在最佳实验条件(焙烧温度1000℃、Al与NaOH摩尔比1꞉0.6、F与CaO摩尔比1꞉2.5、焙烧时间2.0 h)下,氟和铝被分离,其中氟固化率为99.98%,铝溶出率为52.97%。水浸液经蒸发结晶,可得到符合中国工业标准的NaAlO_(2)产品;水浸渣可作为速凝水泥原料。总体而言,此研究为处置二次铝渣提供了一个有效、环保的解决方案。

洗涤用品中植物源消毒剂专利现状

通过incoPat数据库对洗涤用品消毒剂技术国内外专利申请的数据进行采集,对申请量变化趋势、申请人分布情况、技术要点等进行分析,重点对洗涤用品中植物源消毒剂专利技术现状进行梳理,并对洗涤用品产业发展提出相关建议。

“双碳”目标下石油炼制技术研发策略与工业实践

百年石油炼制行业面临着“双碳”目标和第三次能源转型带来的燃料需求量持续减少的双重挑战,而传统石油炼制技术追求高转化率,造成石油资源碳氢利用效率低,CO_(2)排放高,与“减排增效”的转型发展目标相悖。为此,基于石油分子管理理念,以产品高选择性为石油炼制技术研发策略,开发出变革性的小分子烷烃加工、重油加工和低碳烯烃生产技术并进行工业实践,实现源头降碳和过程降碳,满足石油炼制行业向绿色低碳、减油增化、清洁生产方向转型日益迫切的需求。

丰山铜矿铜浮选清洁生产试验研究

文章对湖北丰山铜矿选矿厂清洁生产工艺进行了研究,在原工艺采用2.8 kg/t石灰用量基础上,探究了石灰与其它药剂复配代替单一高用量石灰后对浮选指标的影响,以及选矿废水处理方式,并对废水回用进行再生产展开试验研究。通过现场工业试验的结果表明,在现场工业试验中使用石灰与碳酸钠用量为1.8 kg/t加碳酸钠150 g/t用作组合调整剂,可节省30%石灰用量,得到铜回收率93.05%、品位22.45%的现场技术指标。且现场选矿废水通过活性炭吸附后,参与现场回水回用试验,并不会影响浮选效果,能够减少废水排放,实现清洁生产。

基于WB600-KerT酶脱毛系统的羊皮纸性能研究

羊皮纸生产中,脱毛是不可或缺的工序。使用硫化物脱毛会造成较严重的污染。文章在羊皮纸生产过程中使用了酶脱毛法。研究结果表明,WB600-KerT酶安全性高,纤维分散效果明显。酶脱毛羊皮纸的抗张强度、撕裂强度高于硫化钠脱毛的羊皮纸,并显著高于卡纸、铜版纸等纸张类型,具有优异的强度。酶脱毛的羊皮纸耐光老化性能优异,通过光老化处理其色差变化值显著低于硫化物脱毛的羊皮纸、卡纸与铜版纸,这是由于酶处理的羊皮纸在紫外光持续辐射下酰胺键发生了大量断裂,从而具有更好的耐老化性能。此外,由于酶脱毛的羊皮纸纤维分散度高,所以墨水分子渗透性更好,纸张平整度、书写顺滑度、字迹清晰度均高于硫化钠脱毛的羊皮纸。