The method on accounting the site-based cost was erected in this paper. It is well adapted to the actual production characters of China’s coal industry. The principle and detailed method of determining the boundaries...The method on accounting the site-based cost was erected in this paper. It is well adapted to the actual production characters of China’s coal industry. The principle and detailed method of determining the boundaries among costing sites were put forward. The code structure with 7-digit number of the costing sites was also introduced. The accounting method of the site-based cost and the principle of designing the spatial characters database were expounded at the same time.展开更多
In this work, the costs for machinery and all means for site preparation of forest clearings for afforestation with intensivepoplar plantations were studied by applying various technological schemes. For this purpose,...In this work, the costs for machinery and all means for site preparation of forest clearings for afforestation with intensivepoplar plantations were studied by applying various technological schemes. For this purpose, three technological schemes （TS1,TS2and TS3）, applying in Bulgaria, were studied. By applying the respective technological scheme, the site preparation was performedentirely with a milling aggregate PT-400, equipped with multifunctional forest tiller FAE-300/S. The processes of shredding stumps,mulching clearing debris and bushes, and primary tillage of the soil up to depth of 50 cm were examined. The survey was conductedin poplar clearings along the river Danube, over alluvial moderately moist soil. A new categorization of the poplar clearings isproposed depending on the operating conditions. The performance of the milling unit and the relative costs for labor, machinery andmeans for site preparation per unit area were defined. Depending on the category of poplar clearings, total cost for site preparationapplying the studied technology vary between 27.6 h/ha and 29.3 h/ha, which at current prices of 53.5 ∈/h for the operation of PT-400with FAE 300/S is between ∈1,478/ha and ∈1,569/ha. To conduct comparative analysis of the new technology and the oldtechnologies under similar operating conditions, the relatively costs for site preparation of the previously applied technologies whichuse rotary and tooth uprooter machines are defmed. According to the applied technological scheme and used machines in differentcategories, clearings costs for land preparation vary between ∈1,230/ha and ∈3,300/ha. Based on comparative analysis, it is designeda new technological scheme for afforestation with poplar plantations in riverside clearings, where by ensuring high quality work, thecosts for site preparation become lower （24.2-25.9 h/ha） and thus cost from ∈993/ha to 61,084/ha is achieved.展开更多
1-year hourly wind speed data from two Burundian stations, namely Bujumbura and Muyinga, have been processed in this work to bring an efficient help for the planning and installation of wind energy conversion systems ...1-year hourly wind speed data from two Burundian stations, namely Bujumbura and Muyinga, have been processed in this work to bring an efficient help for the planning and installation of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) at those localities. Mean seasonal and diurnal variations of wind direction and wind shear exponent have been derived. Two-parameter Weibull probability density functions (PDFs) fitting the observed monthly and annual wind speed relative frequency distributions have been implemented. As shown through three complementary statistical tests, the fitting technique was very satisfactory. A wind resource analysis at 10 m above ground level (AGL) has led to a mean power density at Bujumbura which is almost thirteen fold higher than at Muyinga. The use of the empirical power law to extrapolate wind characteristics at heights from 150 to 350 m AGL has shown that energy potential of hilltops around Muyinga was only suitable for small, individual scale wind energy applications. At the opposite, wind energy potential of ridge-tops and hilltops around Bujumbura has been found suitable for medium and large scale electricity production. For that locality and at those heights, energy outputs and capacity factors (CF or C<sub>f</sub>) have been computed for ten selected wind turbines (WTs), together with costs of electricity (COE) using the present value of cost (PVC) method. Amongst those WTs, YDF-1500-87 and S95-2.1 MW have emerged as the best options for installation owing to their highest CF and lowest COE. Moreover, an analysis of those two quantities at monthly basis for YDF-1500-87 WT has led to its best performance in the dry season. Compared to the average present COE of household hydroelectricity consumption, results of this study have evidenced economical feasibility and benefit of WECS setting in selected Burundian sites in order to supplement traditional electricity sources.展开更多
Post-translational modification (PTM) increases the functional diversity of proteins by introducing new functional groups to the side chain of amino acid of a protein. Among all amino acid residues, the side chain of ...Post-translational modification (PTM) increases the functional diversity of proteins by introducing new functional groups to the side chain of amino acid of a protein. Among all amino acid residues, the side chain of lysine (K) can undergo many types of PTM, called K-PTM, such as “acetylation”, “crotonylation”, “methylation” and “succinylation” and also responsible for occurring multiple PTM in the same lysine of a protein which leads to the requirement of multi-label PTM site identification. However, most of the existing computational methods have been established to predict various single-label PTM sites and a very few have been developed to solve multi-label issue which needs further improvement. Here, we have developed a computational tool termed mLysPTMpred to predict multi-label lysine PTM sites by 1) incorporating the sequence-coupled information into the general pseudo amino acid composition, 2) balancing the effect of skewed training dataset by Different Error Cost method, and 3) constructing a multi-label predictor using a combination of support vector machine (SVM). This predictor achieved 83.73% accuracy in predicting the multi-label PTM site of K-PTM types. Moreover, all the experimental results along with accuracy outperformed than the existing predictor iPTM-mLys. A user-friendly web server of mLysPTMpred is available at http://research.ru.ac.bd/mLysPTMpred/.展开更多
文摘The method on accounting the site-based cost was erected in this paper. It is well adapted to the actual production characters of China’s coal industry. The principle and detailed method of determining the boundaries among costing sites were put forward. The code structure with 7-digit number of the costing sites was also introduced. The accounting method of the site-based cost and the principle of designing the spatial characters database were expounded at the same time.
文摘In this work, the costs for machinery and all means for site preparation of forest clearings for afforestation with intensivepoplar plantations were studied by applying various technological schemes. For this purpose, three technological schemes （TS1,TS2and TS3）, applying in Bulgaria, were studied. By applying the respective technological scheme, the site preparation was performedentirely with a milling aggregate PT-400, equipped with multifunctional forest tiller FAE-300/S. The processes of shredding stumps,mulching clearing debris and bushes, and primary tillage of the soil up to depth of 50 cm were examined. The survey was conductedin poplar clearings along the river Danube, over alluvial moderately moist soil. A new categorization of the poplar clearings isproposed depending on the operating conditions. The performance of the milling unit and the relative costs for labor, machinery andmeans for site preparation per unit area were defined. Depending on the category of poplar clearings, total cost for site preparationapplying the studied technology vary between 27.6 h/ha and 29.3 h/ha, which at current prices of 53.5 ∈/h for the operation of PT-400with FAE 300/S is between ∈1,478/ha and ∈1,569/ha. To conduct comparative analysis of the new technology and the oldtechnologies under similar operating conditions, the relatively costs for site preparation of the previously applied technologies whichuse rotary and tooth uprooter machines are defmed. According to the applied technological scheme and used machines in differentcategories, clearings costs for land preparation vary between ∈1,230/ha and ∈3,300/ha. Based on comparative analysis, it is designeda new technological scheme for afforestation with poplar plantations in riverside clearings, where by ensuring high quality work, thecosts for site preparation become lower （24.2-25.9 h/ha） and thus cost from ∈993/ha to 61,084/ha is achieved.
文摘1-year hourly wind speed data from two Burundian stations, namely Bujumbura and Muyinga, have been processed in this work to bring an efficient help for the planning and installation of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) at those localities. Mean seasonal and diurnal variations of wind direction and wind shear exponent have been derived. Two-parameter Weibull probability density functions (PDFs) fitting the observed monthly and annual wind speed relative frequency distributions have been implemented. As shown through three complementary statistical tests, the fitting technique was very satisfactory. A wind resource analysis at 10 m above ground level (AGL) has led to a mean power density at Bujumbura which is almost thirteen fold higher than at Muyinga. The use of the empirical power law to extrapolate wind characteristics at heights from 150 to 350 m AGL has shown that energy potential of hilltops around Muyinga was only suitable for small, individual scale wind energy applications. At the opposite, wind energy potential of ridge-tops and hilltops around Bujumbura has been found suitable for medium and large scale electricity production. For that locality and at those heights, energy outputs and capacity factors (CF or C<sub>f</sub>) have been computed for ten selected wind turbines (WTs), together with costs of electricity (COE) using the present value of cost (PVC) method. Amongst those WTs, YDF-1500-87 and S95-2.1 MW have emerged as the best options for installation owing to their highest CF and lowest COE. Moreover, an analysis of those two quantities at monthly basis for YDF-1500-87 WT has led to its best performance in the dry season. Compared to the average present COE of household hydroelectricity consumption, results of this study have evidenced economical feasibility and benefit of WECS setting in selected Burundian sites in order to supplement traditional electricity sources.
文摘Post-translational modification (PTM) increases the functional diversity of proteins by introducing new functional groups to the side chain of amino acid of a protein. Among all amino acid residues, the side chain of lysine (K) can undergo many types of PTM, called K-PTM, such as “acetylation”, “crotonylation”, “methylation” and “succinylation” and also responsible for occurring multiple PTM in the same lysine of a protein which leads to the requirement of multi-label PTM site identification. However, most of the existing computational methods have been established to predict various single-label PTM sites and a very few have been developed to solve multi-label issue which needs further improvement. Here, we have developed a computational tool termed mLysPTMpred to predict multi-label lysine PTM sites by 1) incorporating the sequence-coupled information into the general pseudo amino acid composition, 2) balancing the effect of skewed training dataset by Different Error Cost method, and 3) constructing a multi-label predictor using a combination of support vector machine (SVM). This predictor achieved 83.73% accuracy in predicting the multi-label PTM site of K-PTM types. Moreover, all the experimental results along with accuracy outperformed than the existing predictor iPTM-mLys. A user-friendly web server of mLysPTMpred is available at http://research.ru.ac.bd/mLysPTMpred/.
