Cleaner production for continuous digester processes based on hybrid Pareto genetic algorithm

Pulping production process produces a large amount of wastewater and pollutant emitted, which has become one of the main pollution sources in pulp and paper industry. To solve this problem, it is necessary to implement cleaner production by using modeling and optimization technology. This paper studies the modeling and multi\|objective genetic algorithms for continuous digester process. First, model is established, in which environmental pollution and saving energy factors are considered. Then hybrid genetic algorithm based on Pareto stratum\|niche count is designed for finding near\|Pareto or Pareto optimal solutions in the problem and a new genetic evaluation and selection mechanism is proposed. Finally using the real data from a pulp mill shows the results of computer simulation. Through comparing with the practical curve of digester,this method can reduce the pollutant effectively and increase the profit while keeping the pulp quality unchanged.

Design of policy mechanism to promote cleaner production in China

In order to promote cleaner production in China, a package of policy options was presented based on the identification of the barriers encountered in the CP demonstration project and the effectiveness and feasibility of policy options for the CP implementation were analyzed. Furthermore, the policy mechanism framework was given, which composes of compulsory, economic incentive, social pressure and supportive function. Finally, the implementation strategy of the policy mechanism, in which the emphasis will be changed from compulsory policy options towards economic and social pressure policy options, was proposed.

Level and potential of cleaner production in Baosteel's sintering process

It is necessary for the sintering process to carry out cleaner production, which is also of great significance to the iron and steel enterprises of a long-flow process. According to the cleaner production standard recently issued by China＇ s Ministry of Environmental Protection, the research detailed in this study has analyzed and estimated the level of cleaner production at Baosteel in the aspects of technical equipment, resource and energy utilization, product quality, emissions, recycling and environmental management, etc. The research also expatiated some effective measures with which cleaner production can be carried out in Baosteel＇s sintering process, and discovered some potential opportunities of cleaner production.

Research on Development Status and Countermeasures of Agricultural Cleaner Production

In the study,the connotation and objectives of agricultural cleaner production were introduced firstly,and then the development status of agricultural cleaner production in China was analyzed,and the problems existing in the development of agricultural cleaner production were pointed out.From the strategy of agricultural sustainable development,the necessity and feasibility of implementing agricultural cleaner production in China were discussed.Finally,some related countermeasures were put forward according to the problems existing in the development of agricultural cleaner production,so as to provide theoretical references for the realization of agricultural sustainable development in China.

Can environmental regulations achieve both profitability and profit quality?A natural experiment based on the China Cleaner Production Standards

Numerous studies evaluated the effects of end-of-pipe control environmental regulations(EER).However,few scholars discussed the effects of process management environmental regulations(PER),such as the China Cleaner Production Standards(CCPS)implemented by the country's Ministry of Ecology and Environment.Using data on China's manufacturing enterprises,this paper adopts the CCPS policies as quasi-natural experiments and uses differences-in-differences(DID)methods to analyze their effects on enterprise profitability and profit quality,respectively.The results show that:first,the CCPS significantly improve both profitability and profit quality;that is,the implementation of the environmental regulation policy plays a significant role in improving enterprise profit rates and cash flows.Second,for the profitability mediator effects,the short-term Porter effect of CCPS is not significant but shows the opposite during the lag period and significantly reduces the management cost and wage levels,comprehensively promoting enterprise profitability.Third,for the profit quality meditator effects,environmental regulations improve the enterprises'cash flow by reducing management costs and increasing government subsidies;however,its effect on bank credit subsidies is not significant.Fourth,for the moderator effects,the environmental regulations'effect on enterprises profitability and profit quality depends on the strategic interaction among local governments,the scale and ownership of the enterprise,and regional differences.That is,the strategic interaction weakens the effect of environmental regulations on enterprise performance.Environmental regulations have a stronger influence on profitability and profit quality for large-scale,state-owned,and coastal enterprises.

Cleaner Production of Wheat Straw Pulp HUANG

A pulping method using NH4OH with less amount of KOH as cooking liquor on wheat straw was developed. KOH could reduce consumption of NH3 and cooking time for its strong alkalinity. The effects of various pulping conditions such as composition of cooking liquor, liquid-to-solid ratio, maximum temperature, cooking time to the maximum temperature and cooking time at the maximum temperature were studied. Experimental results indicated that the rate of delignification was 85.12% and the pulp yield was 49.65% under suitable pulping conditions. It looks promising to use black liquor containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic substance as fertilizer resources for agricultural production. A new pattern of ecological cycling may be set up between paper industry and farming.

Relationship between ecological economics and circular economy,eco-industry,cleaner production,and other relevant categories

Eco-industry, circular economy, cleaner production, industrial ecology or industrial ecosystem and other subjects are all categories related to sustainable development. This paper studies the relations and differences between the four categories and sustainable development as well as ecological economics. Circular economy, eco-industry, industrial ecosystem and cleaner production were put forward during the revolution in “end treatment pattern” of traditional industrial society. Industrial ecology, eco-industry and circular economy theory are three content expansions of cleaner production. Ecological economics is of instructive function theoretically and methodologically for circular economy, eco-industrial, cleaner production and industrial ecology. Circular economy theory is easier to be accepted, compared with ecological economics theory. And circular economy in nature is the complete application of ecological economics theory.

From Less or No Waste Manufacturing and Cleaner Production to Recycle Economy -- A Review on the Theoretical Research and Practice of Ecological Enterprises in China

Based on systematical research on the conception evolution of ecological enterprise, theoretical and practical development of constructing ecological enterprise, the paper makes conclusion that ecological enterprises are developing into a new stage in which governments are launching some pilot projects about constructing ecological enterprises. And after that, governments should make policies to spread construction of ecological enterprises, to construct ecological enterprises in legal system and conforming to the standard as soon as possibly. 5o that, the basic units of ecological economy that fit to the conditions of China will be set up.

Study on the evaluation system for the cleaner production of the mine

It is important to establish the evaluation system of the cleaner production of the mining enterprise, which canprovide the technical support and guidance for the cleaner production evaluation and facilitating the promotion ofcleaner productive techniques so as to realize the integration of economic development and environmental protection.This paper, according to the characteristic of mining and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), establishes the evaluationindex system, puts forward the overall quantitative evaluation method based on Fuzzy Mathematics and the experts’experience, and establishes the evaluation system of cleaner production. The main problems in cleaner production of themine are analyzed by calculation, and some countermeasures and suggestions are proposed.

IMPLEMENTATION OF CLEANER PRODUCTION STRATEGIES TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE CITY

Rapid urbanization and growing size of cities will have an increasing impact on the global environment in the 21st century. As an engine of urban development to drive economic growth and technological innovations, industry has moved its focus from controlling environmental hazards to stimulating sustainable industrial development throughout the entire product lifecycle. These process- and technology-driven innovations for industrial production are prerequisites for enhancement of urban environment and sustainable development of cities. In this review, problems of environment and resources scarcity associated with rapid urbanization are demonstrated. And, on the basis of expatiations on the concepts and policies of the cleaner production(CP) and other similar initiatives with the goal of preventing pollution at the source and of managing the raw material more efficiently, two different ways to link the practice of cleaner production in industrial sector with performance of urban environment are discussed in detail. Then, the introduction, practice and legislation of CP strategies in China are outlined, and possibility for China to develop CPC (Cleaner Practices for Cities) approaches in the demonstration cities is discussed. Finally, some suggestions on implementation of CPC strategies are put forward.

Cleaner Production Assessment in Textile Industry

有经济好处的环境改进的更干净的生产焦点。基于利益评价在纺织品工业的家和国外，评价方法和 wocess 被讨论，包括可操纵的指示物系统，数学模型。根据更干净的生产的相应原则，代表性的问题被提及。与分析层次过程和模糊数学，某企业被收集达到更干净的生产的经济、环境、社会的利益。结果证明那更干净的生产改进资源的利用效率，能量采购甚至浪费，并且创造在纺织品工业的持续开发的条件。

IJCCE: A Communication Platform for Cleaner Production and Sustainability

IJCCE: A Communication Platform for Cleaner Production and

Cleaner production of ammonium paratungstate by membrane electrolysis-precipitation of sodium tungstate solution

The production of ammonium paratungstate(APT) is riddled with the generation of wastewater,which causes environmental problems.To solve the problem of wastewater generation at source,a membrane electrolysis-NH3·H2O precipitation method,which prevents wastewater generation and recycles the reagents used in the process,was proposed and investigated in this study.The electrolysis process was investigated based on parameters such as initial cathodic and anodic NaOH concentrations,and current density.The results showed that an increase in current density and initial cathodic NaOH concentration and a decrease in the initial anodic NaOH concentration would enhance the separation of tungsten and sodium.The optimum condition was found at a current density of 666 A·m^(-2),initial anodic and cathodic NaOH concentrations of 69 g·L^(-1) and 40 g·L^(-1),with a current efficiency of 75.40%,and energy consumption for producing 1 ton of NaOH was 2184 kW·h.The precipitation process was investigated based on the acidic high W/Na molar ratio solution obtained by the electrolysis process with NH3·H2O as the precipitant.Parameters such as excessive coefficient,temperature,and W/Na molar ratio were studied.The result showed that the variation of excessive coefficient and solution temperature had an opposite effect on the purity of the APT,while an increase in the W/Na molar ratio would increase the product purity.The precipitation product obtained had a purity of 99.6% and was characterized using X-ray diffraction,inductively coupled plasma,and scanning electron microscopy.The methods proposed in this study could provide fundamental information for the design of a cleaner APT production process.

Technical measures to achieve a cleaner production mode for recycled paper mills

China’s paper production reached 79.8×10^(6) t in 2008 and ranked number one in the world.Because of its high consumption of water,energy and materials and its serious pollution,the present processes are not likely to be sustainable.An alternative,the closed Water Loop-Papermaking Integration(WLPI)method,is put forward in this paper.The WLPI method can be realized in a recycled paper mill by adding technologies and using recycled water.Many industrial case studies have shown that a large quantity of water,energy and materials can be saved,and the quantity of waste sludge and wastewater discharge was minimized by using the WLPI method.The design of the water reuse system,control of calcium hardness,water recycling and minimal waste sludge are discussed.Anaerobic technology plays an important role in the WLPI method to lower cost,energy use and waste.In the brown paper and coated white board production,zeroeffluent discharge can be realized.Fresh water consumption is only 1-2m^(3)·t^(-1).For the paper mills with deinking and bleaching processes,about 10 m^(3)·t^(-1) of fresh water and a similar amount of effluent discharge are needed.Power saving using anaerobic technology is 70%when recycled water is used in comparison with the conventional activated sludge process.Waste sludge can be decreased to about 5%of the initial process due to reuse of the waste sludge and the lower bio-sludge production of the anaerobic process.

Green chemistry of chromate cleaner production

Research topics and methods of green chemistry in chromate production are introduced in this paper. New original green chemical process of the heterogeneous reaction and separation system of liquid phase oxidation of chromite in molten salt of sodium hydroxide—one way separation in high concentration medium—metastable phase separation—carbonate recycle conversion has been developed. The green commercial process for comprehensive utilization of mineral resources—reactant recycle inside the process—zero emission was established.

Study on Cleaner Production Subsidies, Income Distribution Imbalance and Carbon Emissions Permit Reallocation Mechanism

The allocation mechanism for carbon emissions permit(CEP)is an institutional guarantee for advancing the development of China’s unified carbon trading market.The initial allocation of carbon quotas fails to solve new inequalities stemming from subsidizing cleaner production.This paper constructs a theoretical framework that describes China’s progressive decline in carbon intensity,calculates the equilibrium solution on the neoclassical saddle point path using the shooting method,and studies the income distribution imbalance caused by cleaner production subsidies and the reallocation mechanism of carbon emissions permit The main conclusion is that the incremental cleaner production subsidy policy meets the goal of maximizing welfare on the saddle point path,but it may lead to over-investment in the clean sector,thus causing the income distribution imbalance among entities.Further research suggests that the amount of carbon emissions permit acquired by the clean sector should be higher than the actual emissions in the trading market and that,as the cleaner support increases,the share of carbon emissions permit acquired by the sector should be constantly increased through reallocation mechanism.This helps achieve the Pareto improvement in all parties’economic benefi ts.

电解锰行业清洁生产评价指标体系研究与应用

清洁生产评价指标体系研究对行业深入推进清洁生产具有重要意义,提出了适用于一般工业行业的“源头控制-过程减排-末端治理-循环利用”全过程清洁生产评价框架模型;构建了由生产工艺及装备等9个一级指标、45个二级指标组成的电解锰行业清洁生产评价指标体系,采用专家咨询-层次分析法确定各指标权重,其中电解锰渣无害化处理率和直流电耗指标的权重分别为0.092和0.050,反映出行业清洁生产的重点和关键点。对3家典型企业的清洁生产水平评价结果表明,案例企业对标Ⅰ级基准得分为40.78~77.26,与清洁生产Ⅰ级水平有差距,指标体系能有效反映电解锰企业的清洁生产水平。结合企业1实际情况,从生产工艺及装备等方面提出10项针对性的清洁生产改造措施建议,为企业推进清洁生产提供参考,也可为行业绿色低碳政策制定提供依据。

工业园区清洁生产审核目标设置新方法——园企协同法

依据已完成的工业园区审核项目所取得的经验成果,结合全员参与、整体推进的园区审核思路,创新提出园区清洁生产审核目标设置方法——园企协同法,将园区整体目标与区内企业目标的设置结合起来,相互关联、相互支撑,共同组成园区清洁生产审核目标。

新形势下清洁生产审核工作创新与实现途径的思考

随着技术工艺水平的进步及管理要求的提升,清洁生产审核工作的创新势在必行。本文从审核对象、审核模式、审核内容和审核结果应用四个方面的创新进行分析,梳理现有各个环节存在的问题,提出不同的推进途径。审核对象范围的扩大,使审核工作层次更加丰富,覆盖面更大,可从更高视角看待现有问题,并从全局角度解决问题;审核模式的创新,在保持审核工作延续性的基础上,最大程度地提高了审核效率;审核内容上的创新,加入了“降碳”内容,进一步丰富了审核绩效,提升了审核工作影响力和关注度;审核成果应用创新,使审核工作更好了融入现有管理体系,在与相关工作相辅相成的同时,提升自身重要性。审核工作的创新即是对自身的不断完善进化,更是为实现审核效益最大化的必然选择。

生命周期评价在钢铁行业的应用及研究进展

钢铁行业是传统意义上的高能耗和高污染物排放行业。由于生命周期评价(LCA)可以很好地量化其潜在环境影响,找到更有效的清洁生产路径,在推动钢铁行业的绿色化、低碳化和高质量发展中得到了广阔应用。本文通过国内外文献回顾和统计分析,重点论述了LCA在钢铁行业以下3个方面的应用及研究进展:1)评估钢铁企业/钢铁产品在从原材料采掘开始到生产出厂过程中的环境影响,寻找企业/产品节能减排机会;2)评估清洁生产改进技术或方案的环境效应,为钢铁行业提升清洁生产水平提供决策依据;3)评估其作为“中间产品”对下游行业的环境影响贡献,促进全产业链的可持续发展。最后,提出了未来研究关注的3个重要方向,旨在进一步推动LCA在钢铁行业的研究和应用。