Technical Regulations on Cleaning Processing of Feeding Millet Seeds in Hebei Province

According to many years of experimental summary, the technical demands, process control, seed test, seed quality and work record （ledger management） of cleaning processing of feeding millet seeds in Hebei Province were studied, and specific measures and technical indicators of the technical regulations were analyzed to provide normalized, standardized, industrial and marketization technical support for the cleaning processing of feeding millet seeds.

Effect of Laser Ablation Cleaning Process on Ceramic Artifacts

In this work, the results of a study of laser ablation cleaning process on ceramic artifacts are presented. The experiments were conducted on a ＂Carosello＂, a structural hollow element made of clay, placed in arches, in domes or even in the walls of buildings such as churches and houses. Our results show that laser ablation techniques is able to remove the surface impurity patina from artifacts surface without changes the chemical composition and the optical properties of ceramic. Moreover, because the laser cleaning heats only locally the surface of the sample, this method don＇t preclude the possibility to apply on artifact the thermo-luminescence dating process.

Cleaning of Chromate Manufacture Process

Sodium chromate solubility is determined in the range of NaOH concentrations from 450 to 810 g/L andsolution temperatUres from 30 to 110℃. The optimized conditions to separate sodium chromate from NaOH inleached solution are resolved. It is first found the method to efficiently separate sbdium chromate from NaOH andsodium altuninate in crude sodium chromate. Bench-scale studies on the separating are performed. Finally, goodseparation results are achieved.

Observational study of enzyme in instrument cleaning for sterile reprocessing and factors impacting enzyme activity

Objective To evaluate the application of enzyme in instrument cleaning for hospital sterile reprocessing and different factors that impact the enzyme activity.Methods Standard soil objects for instrument cleaning quality evaluation,as testing coupons,were identified and used to evaluate different cleaning processes designed with varied conditions.Between testing groups using enzymatic detergent versus non-enzymatic detergent,the amount of residual protein on the testing coupons were quantified and compared at different soaking time(10min,20min,30min,45min and 60min).Then,within the enzymatic detergent group,different testing conditions were further explored by adjusting factors,in⁃cluding the soaking temperature(25°C,30°C and 45°C),use solution pH(7.0,8.0),and enzyme dosing(1/80,1/40,1/20,3/40,1/10 and 3/20 in v/v).Then,through an observational comparative study for each testing condition,the time needed to achieve a complete soil removal through visual inspection of the testing coupons was documented for analyses.Results In the test of enzymatic detergent versus non-enzymatic detergent,the non-enzymatic group did not show an obvious decline in the residual protein amount(1069μg at 10 min vs.1042μg at 60 min),whereas the enzymatic group showed significant decrease in residual protein quantity(947μg at 10 min vs.620μg at 60 min).Meanwhile,the amounts of the residual protein at different time points in the enzyme group(947μg at 10 min,864μg at 20 min,812μg at 30 min,691μg at 45 min,and 620μg at 60 min)were consistently lower than those at the same time schedule in the non-enzyme group(1069μg at 10 min,1069μg at 20 min,1067μg at 30 min,1059μg at 45 min,and 1042μg at 60 min).Furthermore,within the enzymatic group,the soaking temperature,use solution pH and enzyme dosing factors all appear to impact the enzyme activity and significantly contribute to the cleaning outcomes.Specifi⁃cally,the higher soaking temperature,higher use solution pH and higher enzyme dosing showed 58.4%,20.0%and 34.4%time reduction to completely remove the soil on the testing coupons,respectively.Conclusion Enzyme seems to play a significant role in the instrument cleaning process for hospital sterile reprocessing.The soaking temperature,cleaning use solution pH,and enzyme dosing all appear to be critical factors impacting the enzyme activity and thus the overall cleaning outcomes.In practice,cleaning process verification should be considered to ensure the optimal use conditions for enzyme cleaning performance are well-understood and consistently achieved at the facility level.

Clean Processing and Utilization of Coal Energy

The dominant status of coal on the energy production and consumption structure of China will not be changed in the middle period of this century. To realize highly efficient utilization of coal,low pollution and low cost are great and impendent tasks. These difficult problems can be almost resolved through establishing large-scale pithead power stations using two-stage highly efficient dry coal-cleaning system before coal burning,which is a highly efficient,clean and economical strategy considering the current energy and environmental status of China. All these will be discussed in detail in this paper.

Analysis of defects in clean fabrication process of friction stir welding

Striving for cleaner production is a sought-after manufacturing philosophy.Friction stir welding(FSW)is a joiningtechnique with par excellence and far less invasive to the environment than even best conventional welding processes.It is energyefficient and free from consumables,affluent and radiations.It is,thus,accepted as a clean welding process that can produceacceptable quality joints.It suffers from some major challenges of defects of its own kind that subject the process open toimprovements so as to prove itself a reliable production process.This study presents a holistic characterization of defects commonlyfound in FSW joints.The finding of the present study reveals that most defects are caused by inadequate heat generation,impropermaterial movement around the pin and inadequate material consolidation behind the pin.The amount of heat generation andmaterial stirring depends on several FSW parameters which may lead to the defect formation,if not selected properly.The resultsreported in this work are derived from sound literature support and experimentation.Prescriptions are made in the form ofcharacteristics of defects such as likelihood of their location,main responsible parameters along with the recommendations forminimizing them.

On the Use of Laser Ablation for Cleaning High Voltage Ceramic Insulators

High voltage lines are one of the main ways for carrying electric energy. To do so high voltage insulators are needed to insulate these lines from the supporting towers. Glass, ceramic and polymer insulators are widely used. Generally high voltage insulators are exposed to weather where humidity, from rain and moist, together with pollution allows accumulation of unwanted material on the surface of the insulator. Cleaning procedures are then needed to remove such material and avoid short-circuiting. The most commonly used cleaning methods are hand cleaning using chemicals that need turning off the main and water jet, which allows keeping the line in service. In this work we explore the possibility of using laser ablation for cleaning high voltage ceramic insulators. It is demonstrated that cleaning can be accomplished by a two-step process. First a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser is used to ablate the unwanted material. The second step is to use a free running Nd: YAG laser to restore the surface hydrophobicity of ceramic insulator, which is affected in the first process step.

Performance Evaluation of Low-Carbon and Clean Transformation of China’s Coal Economy

In China,the oversupply of coal occurred in 2009,and from that year onwards,China’s coal economy began a low-carbon and clean transformation.Evaluating transformation performance is the research goal of this paper.The data collection for this paper includes data on deep processing of Chinese coal products from 2009 to 2020,as well as data on asset structure evolution and financial performance of 34 listed companies in the Chinese coal mining.Entropy value method is used to calculate the entropy value of low-carbon transformation,and the regression analysis is used to study the performance of cleaner transformation,the conclusion is as follows:(1)From 2009 to 2020,in China’s total energy consumption,coal consumption accounted for 71.6%in 2009 and 56.8%in 2020,the goals set by the state have been achieved.(2)The national goal of reducing the proportion of coal consumption and reducing carbon emissions has forced the transformation of deep processing of coal products.The transformation of coal enterprises towards low-carbon and clean production has achieved remarkable results.(3)From 2009 to 2020,the non coal industry income of 34 listed companies in China’s coal mining industry increased by 8.21%annually.At the same time,the asset structure was adjusted,and nearly 80%of the asset structure evolution showed an orderly development trend.(4)The regression analysis results show that the entropy value of coal deep processing products and the entropy value of asset structure adjustment are significantly related to transformation performance.The paper proposes to summarize the successful experience of China’s coal energy economic transformation,lay a foundation for achieving the carbon peak and carbon neutral goals in the future,further increase the intensity of coal deep processing,increase the proportion of clean energy in total energy consumption,and strive to control asset operation towards the goal of increasing the proportion of non coal industry income.

基于Clean处理的MIMO-SAR正交波形分离

因为同频完全正交波形并不存在,基于同频正交编码信号发射波形的多输入多输出合成孔径雷达(MIMOSAR)因波形间互耦产生的互相关噪声将严重降低成像质量。针对此问题,该文提出基于Clean处理分离多正交波形方法,逐步获取单波形回波,并分析了其性能。数值仿真实验证明,该方法能有效抑制点目标正交波形间的互相关噪声,并接近单波形SAR的成像性能。

VRH法生产线的应用

介绍了ＶＲＨ法生产线的组成、工艺流程和工艺参数。实践表明，该法生产效率高，铸件表面光洁、尺寸精确、缺陷少、内在质量高；节约大量的原辅材料、旧砂溃散性好、回用率高；改善生产环境和劳动条件。

新型VRH工艺高锰钢辙叉造型线的关键技术应用

重载铁路是我国经济发展的重要纽带环节之一,而新型重载铁路研发更是紧密围绕重载辙叉的使用寿命及制造水平。该项目建成国内最先进高锰钢辙叉生产线,在建设过程中从整线的布局、关键环节的技术改进以及自动化控制等多个方面提升了产品质量、生产效率,为铸造行业发展提供宝贵经验。

流水线用水玻璃砂VRH－CO_2法的研究

着重研究了水玻璃砂ＶＲＨ－ＣＯ＿２法流水线作业时如何调整真空度、ＣＯ＿２用量和添加剂等，以保证型砂起模时的即时强度，同时使０．５～３ｈ的短期存放强度在１ＭＰａ以上．实验结果表明：单纯用真空脱水或ＶＲＨ－ＣＯ＿２法都不能使水玻璃砂的短期存放强度满足流水线生产的要求，只有加入添加剂才可以使ＶＲＨ－ＣＯ＿２法取得最好的硬化效果；水玻璃模数及ＣＯ＿２用量都对水玻璃砂短期存放强度有一定影响．

VRH法在铸钢水玻璃砂中的应用

本文通过对 VRH 法在铸钢水玻璃砂中应用的研究,提出了该法在生产中确定型芯砂成分及硬化工艺参数的原则,为解决铸钢件落砂与清理问题提供了新的途径.

Tailoring metallic surface properties induced by laser surface processing for industrial applications

As a simple, reproducible, and pollution-free technique with the potential of integration and automation, laser processing has attracted increasing attention. Laser processing, which includes laser polishing, laser cleaning,and fabrication of laser-induced micro-/nano-structures, has been demonstrated to yield smooth, clean, functional surfaces and effective joining. Laser polishing is an advanced, highly efficient, and ecofriendly polishing technology. This study demonstrated the laser polishing of a selective laser-melted Inconel 718(IN718) superalloy and a titanium alloy sample. The surface roughnesses Raand Rzof the IN718 superalloy were respectively reduced from 8 and 33 μm to 0.2 and 0.8 μm, and the Raof the titanium alloy was reduced from 9.8 μm to 0.2 μm.Moreover, the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the IN718 were apparently improved. As another surface-related processing method, laser cleaning was used to clean terminal blocks. Almost all the contaminants were removed, as verified by the absence of their chemical compositions and the decreased surface roughness. In addition, a superhydrophobic surface with a contact angle of over 160° and sliding angle of b8° on stainless steel was obtained by laser texturing treatment. These results demonstrate the high potential of laser processing in the scientific, technological, and industrial fields.

基于CLEAN算法的自适应旁瓣对消技术

自适应旁瓣对消技术能够很好地抑制旁瓣干扰,但在应用中发现,自适应旁瓣对消对跟踪的高信噪比目标带来的信噪比损失较大,导致单脉冲和差测角精度下降。本文提出了一种基于CLEAN算法的自适应旁瓣对消方法,首先通过观测目标的先验信息构建目标回波模型,再利用该回波模型剔除对消通道中的目标信息,然后基于剔除目标信息后的对消通道数据,重新计算最优加权值进行主通道的干扰对消,最后仿真和实测结果验证了该方法不仅可以减少主通道中目标对消后的信噪比损失,同时也降低了对消后对目标测角精度的影响。

Representation system of cleanness of filler metal

The high quality of filler metals are required by the equipment manufacturing industry to obtain the high- performance brazed joint. For the problems of impurities in filler metal, the concept of entropy has been carried out to describe the cleanness of filler metal. The math expressions of process entropy, Sp, and performance entropy, Sf , have been presented. Sp characterizes the manufacturability of filler metal, corresponding to the spreading coefficient and the viscosity. SI characterizes the mechanical property of the brazed joint, corresponding to the tensile strength and the shear strength. With the inerease of entropy value, the cleanness as well as the brazability of filler metal and the mechanical property of joint deteriorate. The physical verification indicates that the expressions of St, and Sf could characterize the cleanness of filler metal.

Evaluation methods of man-machine-environment system for clean and safe production in phosphorus mines: A case study

Phosphorus is an essential element in agricultural production and chemical industry. However, since the risk of casualties and economic loss by mining accidents, the application of clean and safe production in phosphorus mines encounters great challenges. For this purpose, a man-machine-environment system composed of evaluation indexes was established, and the grading standards of indexes were defined. Firstly, the measurements of 39 qualitative indexes were obtained through the survey data. According to the measured values of 31 quantitative indexes, the measurements of quantitative indexes were calculated by linear measurement function(LM) and other three functions. Then the singleindex measurement evaluation matrixes were established. Secondly, the entropy weight method was used to determine the weights of each index directly. The analytic hierarchy process(AHP) was also applied to calculate the weights of index and index factor hierarchies after the established hierarchical model. The weights of system hierarchies were given by the grid-based fuzzy Borda method(GFB). The comprehensive weights were determined by the combination method of AHP and GFB(CAG). Furthermore, the multi-index comprehensive measurement evaluation vectors were obtained.Thirdly, the vectors were evaluated by the credible degree recognition(CDR) and the maximum membership(TMM)criteria. Based on the above functions, methods, and criteria, 16 combination evaluation methods were recommended.Finally, the clean and safe production grade of Kaiyang phosphate mine in China was evaluated. The results show that the LM-CAG-CDR is the most reasonable method, which can not only determine the clean and safe production grade of phosphorus mines, but also improve the development level of clean and safe mining of phosphorus mines for guidance.In addition, some beneficial suggestions and measures were also proposed to advance the clean and safe production grade of Kaiyang phosphorus mine.

基于L-BFGS-B局部极小化的自适应尺度CLEAN算法

干涉阵列存在的点扩展函数旁瓣使得观测到的射电源出现不同程度的失真,对重建宇宙真实结构图景和理解宇宙起源造成影响。为解决观测中出现的伪影,本文在现有的CLEAN算法的基础上,提出了基于L-BFGS-B局部极小化的自适应尺度CLEAN算法。首先,基于L-BFGS-B局部极小化算法通过最小化目标函数,寻找最优分量,构建自适应尺度模型;其次,通过CASA实现对测试图像的重建,对比目前广泛使用的Hogbom CLEAN算法的重建图像,评估本文算法性能;最后,对反卷积算法在射电天文图像处理领域的发展做出展望。测试结果表明:相比于传统的算法,本文提出的算法能够构建更加精准的天空亮度分布,为天文图像重建提供一种新的方案。

Pilot study on treatment of low turbidity and low temperature water by coagulation-immersed membrane process

The objective of this paper was to investigate the practicability of coagulation-immersed membrane process during low-temperature period through the study of steady operation,chemical cleaning methods,water quality and agent consumption.Experimental results showed that:membrane performance decreases with the reduction of temperature,but low temperature has little effect on stable operation of immersed membrane when coagulation as pretreatment.EFM with 1200 mg/L sodium hypochlorite after every 48 filtration cycles was made for reducing membrane fouling efficiently,and the method,with 1.5% sodium hydroxide and 3500 mg/L sodium hypochlorite for 10 h and then 2% hydrochloric acid for 4 h,is an appropriate cleaning method under low temperature.Compared with convention treatment process,immersed membrane process not only has same agent consumption,but also permeated water quality is more superior such as fine removal effect on turbidity with average 0.10 NTU.Therefore,coagulation-immersed membrane process is more appropriate for increasing water quality demand and the treatment of low turbidity and low temperature water.

CLEAN PRODUCTION AND SMELTING REDUCTION TECHNOLOGY

Clean Production is the best method for iron-steel making industry to eliminate pollution thoroughly. In order to achieve this object, smelting reduction technology should play the key role. Furthermore, process integration method can be used to solve the problem of residual gas utilization by integrating smelting reduction process with direct reduced iron unit, gasoline, methanol or dimethyl ether synthesis unit, etc. A new smelting reduction process has been proposed which can be constructed on the present plant site. Since this process can directly treat the lump coal and iron ore fines, it reduces st6ps necessary in traditional blast furnace process and Corex smelting reduction process.