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Impacts of Climate Change on Seawater Temperature and Total Dissolved Solids: Challenges and Sustainable Solutions for Reverse Osmosis Desalination in the Arabian Gulf Region
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作者 Ahmed Al Kubaish Jamal Salama 《Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering》 2024年第1期86-93,共8页
This article examines the influence of seawater temperature and total dissolved solids (TDS) on reverse osmosis (RO) desalination in the Arabian Gulf region, with a focus on the impact of climate change. The study hig... This article examines the influence of seawater temperature and total dissolved solids (TDS) on reverse osmosis (RO) desalination in the Arabian Gulf region, with a focus on the impact of climate change. The study highlights the changes in seawater temperature and TDS levels over the years and discusses their effects on the efficiency and productivity of RO desalination plants. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring TDS levels and controlling seawater temperature to optimize water production. The article also suggests various solutions, including intensive pre-treatment, development of high-performance membranes, exploration of alternative water sources, and regulation of discharges into the Gulf, to ensure sustainable water supply in the face of rising TDS levels and seawater temperature. Further research and comprehensive monitoring are recommended to understand the implications of these findings and develop effective strategies for the management of marine resources in the Arabian Gulf. 展开更多
关键词 climate change temperature Reverse Osmosis Seawater Total Dissolved Solids DESALINATION
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Review on the Impact of Climate Change on Great Lakes Region’s Agriculture and Water Resources
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作者 Zeyu Shen 《Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection》 2024年第7期165-176,共12页
This study investigates the multifaceted impacts of climate change on the Midwest region of the United States, particularly the rising temperatures and precipitation brought about by hot weather activities and technol... This study investigates the multifaceted impacts of climate change on the Midwest region of the United States, particularly the rising temperatures and precipitation brought about by hot weather activities and technological advances since the 19th century. From 1900 to 2010, temperatures in the Midwest rose by an average of 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit, which would also lead to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Precipitation is also expected to increase due to increased storm activity and changes in regional weather patterns. This paper explores the impact of these changes on urban and agricultural areas. In urban areas such as the city of Chicago, runoff from the increasing impervious surface areas poses challenges to the drainage system, and agriculture areas are challenged by soil erosion, nutrient loss, and fewer planting days due to excessive rainfall. Sustainable solutions such as no-till agriculture and the creation of grassland zones are discussed. Using historical data, recent climate studies and projections, the paper Outlines ways to enhance the Midwest’s ecology and resilience to climate change. 展开更多
关键词 climate change Midwest USA Agricultural Impacts Urban Runoff Sustainable Practices Precipitation Patterns temperature Increase Greenhouse Gas Emissions Soil Erosion Water Management
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The PMIP3 Simulated Climate Changes over Arid Central Asia during the Mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum 被引量:3
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作者 XU Hongna WANG Tao +3 位作者 WANG Huijun MIAO Jiapeng CHEN Jianhui CHEN Shengqian 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2020年第3期725-742,共18页
In this study, the climate changes over Arid Central Asia(ACA) during the mid-Holocene(approximately 6,000 calendar years ago, MH) and the Last Glacial Maximum(approximately 21,000 calendar years ago, LGM) were invest... In this study, the climate changes over Arid Central Asia(ACA) during the mid-Holocene(approximately 6,000 calendar years ago, MH) and the Last Glacial Maximum(approximately 21,000 calendar years ago, LGM) were investigated using multimodel simulations derived from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 3(PMIP3). During the MH, the multimodel median(MMM) shows that in the core region of ACA, the regionally averaged annual surface air temperature(SAT) decreases by 0.13°C and annual precipitation decreases by 3.45%, compared with the preindustrial(PI) climate. The MMM of the SAT increases by 1.67/0.13°C in summer/autumn, whereas it decreases by 1.23/1.11°C in spring/winter. The amplitude of the seasonal cycles of the SAT increases over ACA due to different MH orbital parameters. For precipitation, the regionally averaged MMM decreases by 5.77%/5.69%/0.39%/5.24% in spring/summer/autumn/winter, respectively. Based on the analysis of the aridity index(AI), compared with the PI, a drier climate appears in southern Central Asia and western Xinjiang due to decreasing precipitation. During the LGM, the MMM shows that the regionally averaged SAT decreases by 5.04/4.36/4.70/5.12/5.88°C and precipitation decreases by 27.78%/28.16%/31.56%/27.74%/23.29% annually and in the spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. Robust drying occurs throughout almost the whole core area. Decreasing precipitation plays a dominant role in shaping the drier conditions, whereas strong cooling plays a secondary but opposite role. In response to the LGM external forcings, over Central Asia and Xinjiang, the seasonal cycle of precipitation has a smaller amplitude compared with that under the PI climate. In the model-data comparison, the simulated MH moisture changes over ACA are to some extent consistent with the reconstructions, further confirming that drier conditions occurred during that period than during the PI. 展开更多
关键词 PMIP3 climate changes Arid Central Asia MID-HOLOCENE Last Glacial maximum
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Ground temperature variation and its response to climate change on the northern Tibetan Plateau
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作者 GuoNing Wan MeiXue Yang XueJia Wang 《Research in Cold and Arid Regions》 CSCD 2021年第4期299-313,共15页
Ground temperature plays a significant role in the interaction between the land surface and atmosphere on the Tibetan Plateau(TP).Under the background of temperature warming,the TP has witnessed an accelerated warming... Ground temperature plays a significant role in the interaction between the land surface and atmosphere on the Tibetan Plateau(TP).Under the background of temperature warming,the TP has witnessed an accelerated warming trend in frozen ground temperature,an increasing active layer thickness,and the melting of underground ice.Based on high-resolution ground temperature data observed from 1997 to 2012 on the northern TP,the trend of ground temperature at each observation site and its response to climate change were analyzed.The results showed that while the ground temperature at different soil depths showed a strong warming trend over the observation period,the warming in winter is more significant than that in summer.The warming rate of daily minimum ground temperature was greater than that of daily maximum ground temperature at the TTH and MS3608 sites.During the study period,thawing occurred earlier,whereas freezing happened later,resulting in shortened freezing season and a thinner frozen layer at the BJ site.And a zero-curtain effect develops when the soil begins to thaw or freeze in spring and autumn.From 1997 to 2012,the average summer air temperature and precipitation in summer and winter from six meteorological stations along the Qinghai-Tibet highway also demonstrated an increasing trend,with a more significant temperature increase in winter than in summer.The ground temperature showed an obvious response to air temperature warming,but the trend varied significantly with soil depths due to soil heterogeneity. 展开更多
关键词 ground temperature soil freezing-thawing processes the Tibetan Plateau climate change
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Seasonal Temperature Variations of Lake Vrana on the Island of Cres and Possible Influence of Global Climate Changes
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作者 Mladen Kuhta Brkic Zeljka 《Journal of Earth Science and Engineering》 2013年第4期225-237,共13页
Lake Vrana on the island of Cres is one of the largest fresh water features on Mediterranean islands. The maximum depth of the lake is 72 m and it stores 220 million m3 of fresh water. The paper provides an overview o... Lake Vrana on the island of Cres is one of the largest fresh water features on Mediterranean islands. The maximum depth of the lake is 72 m and it stores 220 million m3 of fresh water. The paper provides an overview of lake and groundwater temperature measurements to date and recent activities within the EU project "CC-WaterS (Climate Change and Impacts on Water Supply)". Groundwater temperatures in the lake surrounding are almost constant throughout the year, in the range from 14.6 ℃ to 13.1 ℃, while thermodynamic cycle of the lake conforms to the characteristics of a monomictic, medium depth lake in the moderate climate belt. Present and future climate simulations using three limited area models were analyzed (Aladin, Promes and RegCM3), they pointed out further air temperature increase in range of 0.27 ℃/10 yrs to 0.32 ℃/10 yrs. The significant changes of precipitation rates were not indicated. Considering increasing water consumption from the lake, already asserted negative trends, indicated climate changes and possible effects on the lake recharge, it is necessary to establish continual monitoring of parameters that describe lake system behaviour and periodically analyze lake conditions, especially with respect to the extraction for the public water supply. 展开更多
关键词 Lake Vrana Cres island KARST climate changes water temperature.
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The Influence of Climate Change and Variability on Spatio-Temporal Rainfall and Temperature Distribution in Zanzibar
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作者 Abdalla Hassan Abdalla Kombo Hamad Kai +4 位作者 Sara Abdalla Khamis Afredy Lawrence Kondowe Sarah E. Osima Philemon Henry King’uza Asya Omar Hamad 《Atmospheric and Climate Sciences》 CAS 2023年第2期282-313,共32页
Climate change has resulted in serious social-economic ramifications and extremely catastrophic weather events in the world, Tanzania and Zanzibar in particular, with adaptation being the only option to reduce impacts... Climate change has resulted in serious social-economic ramifications and extremely catastrophic weather events in the world, Tanzania and Zanzibar in particular, with adaptation being the only option to reduce impacts. The study focuses on the influence of climate change and variability on spatio-temporal rainfall and temperature variability and distribution in Zanzibar. The station observation datasets of rainfall, T<sub>max</sub> and T<sub>min</sub> acquired from Tanzania Meteorological Authority (TMA) and the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment program (CORDEX) projected datasets from the Regional climate model HIRHAM5 under driving model ICHEC-EC-EARH, for the three periods of 1991-2020 used as baseline (HS), 2021-2050 as near future (NF) and 2051-2080 far future (FF), under two representative concentration pathways (RCP) of 4.5 and 8.5, were used. The long-term observed T<sub>max</sub> and T<sub>min</sub> were used to produce time series for observing the nature and trends, while the observed rainfall data was used for understanding wet and dry periods, trends and slope (at p ≤ 0.05) using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Mann Kendall test (MK). Moreover, the Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) under the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation techniques were used for mapping the three decades of 1991-2000 (hereafter D1), 2001-2010 (hereafter D2) and 2011-2020 (hereafter D3) to analyze periodical spatial rainfall distribution in Zanzibar. As for the projected datasets the Climate Data Operator Commands (CDO), python scripts and Grid analysis and Display System (GrADS) soft-wares were used to process and display the results of the projected datasets of rainfall, T<sub>max</sub> and T<sub>min</sub> for the HS, NF and FF, respectively. The results show that the observed T<sub>max</sub> increased by the rates of 0.035℃ yr<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> and 0.0169℃ yr<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>, while the T<sub>min</sub> was increased by a rate of 0.064℃ yr<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> and 0.104℃ yr<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> for Unguja and Pemba, respectively. The temporal distribution of wetness and dryness indices showed a climate shift from near normal to moderate wet during 2005 at Zanzibar Airport, while normal to moderately dry conditions, were observed in Pemba at Matangatuani. The decadal rainfall variability and distributions revealed higher rainfall intensity with an increasing trend and good spatial distribution in D3 from March to May (MAM) and October to December (OND). The projected results for T<sub>max</sub> during MAM and OND depicted higher values ranging from 1.7℃ - 1.8℃ to 1.9℃ - 2.0℃ and 1.5℃ to 2.0℃ in FF compared to NF under both RCPs. Also, higher T<sub>min</sub> values of 1.12℃ - 1.16℃ was projected in FF for MAM and OND under both RCPs. Besides, the rainfall projection generally revealed increased rainfall intensity in the range of 0 - 25 mm for Pemba and declined rainfall in the range of 25 - 50 mm in Unguja under both RCPs in perspectives of both NF and FF. Conclusively the study has shown that the undergoing climate change has posed a significant impact on both rainfall and temperature spatial and temporal distributions in Zanzibar (Unguja and Pemba), with Unguja being projected to have higher rainfall deficits while increasing rainfall strengths in Pemba. Thus, the study calls for more studies and formulation of effective adaptation, strategies and resilience mechanisms to combat the projected climate change impacts especially in the agricultural sector, water and food security. 展开更多
关键词 climate change climate Variability Spatial and Temporal Distribution temperature RAINFALL CORDEX
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Analysis on the Climate Change Characteristics in Recent 50 Years in Qixinghe Wetland of Heilongjiang Province 被引量:3
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作者 王芳 高永刚 姜春艳 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2010年第6期6-8,共3页
Based on the daily temperature and precipitation data during 1961-2007 in 81 meteorological stations of Heilongjiang Province,the climate change trend characteristics of temperature and precipitation in Heilongjiang P... Based on the daily temperature and precipitation data during 1961-2007 in 81 meteorological stations of Heilongjiang Province,the climate change trend characteristics of temperature and precipitation in Heilongjiang Province,Shuangyashan area,Baoqing County and Qixinghe Wetland were contrasted and analyzed by adopting the climatology statistics method. The results showed that the temperature change trend in Qixinghe Wetland was consistent with the temperature warming trends in Heilongjiang Province and Shuangyashan area. The annual average lowest temperature was the most obvious in the temperature warming trend,and the annual average temperature was the second. The annual average highest temperature was the third. Qixinghe Wetland had the important regulation effect on the local(Baoqing) climate. The annual precipitation in recent 50 years in Baoqing County,Qixinghe Wetland presented the decline trend and in Heilongjiang Province,Shuangyashan area presented the increase trend as a whole. In the trend which the temperature obviously rose,and the precipitation declined overall in Qixinghe Wetland,the protection of Qixinghe Wetland maybe faced with the restriction of water scarcity condition in the water resources aspect. One of important ways which solved with the water scarcity problem in Qixinghe Wetland maybe was strengthening the artificial effect weather work and using sufficiently the cloud water resources. 展开更多
关键词 Qixinghe Wetland temperature PRECIPITATION climate change China
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Prediction of Climate Change in the 21^(st) Century in Dalian Area under the Various Emission Scenarios 被引量:1
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作者 程相坤 任学慧 刘捷 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2010年第5期66-70,共5页
By using the simulative results of more than 20 climate system models which were provided by the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC),the climate change in Dalian area in the... By using the simulative results of more than 20 climate system models which were provided by the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC),the climate change in Dalian area in the 21st century under the different scenarios(SRES A2,SRES A1B and SRES B1) were analyzed and predicted with the multi-model's aggregative simulative results via the interpolation downscaling calculation.The results showed that the climate in Dalian would have the obvious warming and wetting tendency in the 21st century as a whole.The annual average warming tendency of air temperature would be 2.45-3.46 ℃/100 years,and the annual precipitation increase trend would be 5.8%-16.3% per 100 years.The warming in winter would be the most obvious,and the precipitation increase would be comparatively obvious in winter and spring.The precipitation decrease would be comparatively obvious in autumn in the previous period of 21st century.In A2,A1B and B1 scenarios,the air temperatures in the late period of 21st century would respectively be 3.46,3.44 and 2.45 ℃ higher than in the ordinary years,and the annual precipitation would respectively be 16.3%,11.8% and 5.79% more than in the ordinary years. 展开更多
关键词 Global climate model IPCC AR4 climate change Surface temperature PRECIPITATION China
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Analysis of the Characteristics of Climate Changes in Jining City in Recent 40 Years 被引量:1
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作者 张翠翠 李春光 +2 位作者 张泽铭 李军 郭卫华 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2010年第11期12-14,共3页
The temperature,precipitation and sunshine data of Jining City(including 11 counties and cities) from 1970 to 2009 were analyzed in this paper by regression analysis method.Results showed that in the each year and the... The temperature,precipitation and sunshine data of Jining City(including 11 counties and cities) from 1970 to 2009 were analyzed in this paper by regression analysis method.Results showed that in the each year and the four seasons in Jining over the past 40 years,average temperature,average minimum and maximum temperatures were increasing.Especially,the winter temperature had the largest rising range,and average minimum temperatures were rising faster than maximum average temperatures.The changes in rainfall could be divided into two obvious stages,the lowing trend in the early 30 years but rising trend in the last 10 years.The precipitation fell in Jining;sunshine was decreasing and reduced a lot in summer. 展开更多
关键词 climate change temperature RAINFALL SUNSHINE China
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Potential distribution of Haloxylon ammodendron in Central Asia under climate change
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作者 CHEN Zhuo SHAO Minghao +2 位作者 HU Zihao GAO Xin LEI Jiaqiang 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第9期1255-1269,共15页
Understanding the spatial distribution of plant species and their dynamic changes in arid areas is crucial for addressing the challenges posed by climate change.Haloxylon ammodendron shelterbelts are essential for the... Understanding the spatial distribution of plant species and their dynamic changes in arid areas is crucial for addressing the challenges posed by climate change.Haloxylon ammodendron shelterbelts are essential for the protection of plant resources and the control of desertification in Central Asia.Thus far,the potential suitable habitats of H.ammodendron in Central Asia are still uncertain in the future under global climate change conditions.This study utilised the maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model to combine the current distribution data of H.ammodendron with its growth-related data to analyze the potential distribution pattern of H.ammodendron across Central Asia.The results show that there are suitable habitats of H.ammodendron in the Aralkum Desert,northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains,and the upstream of the Tarim River and western edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the Tarim Basin under the current climate conditions.The period from 2021 to 2040 is projected to undergo significant changes in the suitable habitat area of H.ammodendron in Central Asia,with a projected 15.0% decrease in the unsuitable habitat area.Inland areas farther from the ocean,such as the Caspian Sea and Aralkum Desert,will continue to experience a decrease in the suitable habitats of H.ammodendron.Regions exhibiting frequent fluctuations in the habitat suitability levels are primarily found along the axis stretching from Astana to Kazakhskiy Melkosopochnik in Kazakhstan.These regions can transition into suitable habitats under varying climate conditions,requiring the implementation of appropriate human intervention measures to prevent desertification.Future climate conditions are expected to cause an eastward shift in the geometric centre of the potential suitable habitats of H.ammodendron,with the extent of this shift amplifying alongside more greenhouse gas emissions.This study can provide theoretical support for the spatial configuration of H.ammodendron shelterbelts and desertification control in Central Asia,emphasising the importance of proactive measures to adapt to climate change in the future. 展开更多
关键词 Haloxylon ammodendron potential suitable habitats climate change DESERTIFICATION maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model Central Asia Aralkum Desert
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Effect of climate change on seasonal monsoon in Asia and its impact on the variability of monsoon rainfall in Southeast Asia 被引量:9
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作者 Yen Yi Loo Lawal Billa Ajit Singh 《Geoscience Frontiers》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第6期817-823,共7页
Global warming and climate change is one of the most extensively researched and discussed topical issues affecting the environment.Although there are enough historical evidence to support the theory that climate chang... Global warming and climate change is one of the most extensively researched and discussed topical issues affecting the environment.Although there are enough historical evidence to support the theory that climate change is a natural phenomenon,many research scientists are widely in agreement that the increase in temperature in the 20 th century is anthropologically related.The associated effects are the variability of rainfall and cyclonic patterns that are being observed globally.In Southeast Asia the link between global warming and the seasonal atmospheric flow during the monsoon seasons shows varying degree of fuzziness.This study investigates the impact of climate change on the seasonality of monsoon Asia and its effect on the variability of monsoon rainfall in Southeast Asia.The comparison of decadal variation of precipitation and temperature anomalies before the 1970 s found general increases which were mostly varying.But beyond the 1970 s,global precipitation anomalous showed increases that almost corresponded with increases in global temperature anomalies for the same period.There are frequent changes and a shift westward of the Indian summer monsoon.Although precipitation is observed to be 70%below normal levels,in some areas the topography affects the intensity of rainfall.These shifting phenomenon of other monsoon season in the region are impacting on the variability of rainfall and the onset of monsoons in Southeast Asia and is predicted to delay for 15 days the onset of the monsoon in the future.The variability of monsoon rainfall in the SEA region is observed to be decadal and the frequency and intensity of intermittent flooding of some areas during the monsoon season have serious consequences on the human,financial,infrastructure and food security of the region. 展开更多
关键词 climate change temperature anomalies Precipitation anomalies Seasonal monsoons Rainfall variability Southeast Asia
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Analysis on the Characteristics of Climate Changes in the Surrounding Area of Qinghai Lake 被引量:2
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作者 HE Yong-qing1,LI Feng-xia2 1.Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China 2.Qinghai Meteorological Science Institute,Xining 810001,China 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2011年第3期18-20,24,共4页
[Objective] The aim was to study the characteristics of climate changes in the surrounding area of Qinghai Lake.[Method] Based on the data of temperature,precipitation and sunshine hours from 5 representative meteorol... [Objective] The aim was to study the characteristics of climate changes in the surrounding area of Qinghai Lake.[Method] Based on the data of temperature,precipitation and sunshine hours from 5 representative meteorological stations in the surrounding area of Qinghai Lake during 1961-2007,the annual,seasonal and decadal variation of meteorological factors were analyzed.[Result] In recent 47 years,temperature showed obvious increase trend in the surrounding area of Qinghai Lake,and annual average temperature increased with the climatic tendency of ≥0.30 ℃/10 a,while annual average minimum temperature increased more significant than annual average temperature and annual average maximum temperature;annual mean precipitation decreased with the climatic tendency of-3.67 mm/10 a,and precipitation in spring and autumn reduced obviously,while precipitation in summer and winter increased slightly;annual sunshine hours also showed decrease trend with the climatic tendency of-1.79 h/10 a,while sunshine hours decreased most obviously in summer,and next came winter,while there was no obvious decrease in spring and autumn.[Conclusion] The study could provide theoretical references for the effective prevention of meteorological disasters in the surrounding area of Qinghai Lake. 展开更多
关键词 Surrounding area of Qinghai Lake climate changes temperature PRECIPITATION Sunshine hours China
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An Assessment of Climate Change and Available Water Resources in the Lowveld Region, Swaziland 被引量:1
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作者 Emmanuel Mwendera Absalom Manyatsi 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B)》 2012年第9期1124-1133,共10页
Long-term climatic data (maximum temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall and evaporation) for Big Bend in the Lowveld, a semi-arid region of Swaziland, were analysed for any changes or variations. Evaporation and... Long-term climatic data (maximum temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall and evaporation) for Big Bend in the Lowveld, a semi-arid region of Swaziland, were analysed for any changes or variations. Evaporation and rainfall data were analysed to assess water resources availability in the region. Analysis of the available data shows that there is no indication of decrease in rainfall with time, but the results show that there has been a steady increase in minimum temperatures over the last 25 years. The average effective water resources index, measured as the difference between mean annual rainfall and mean annual evaporation, for the region in the period from 1965 to 2001 was -1,500 mm. The large negative index implies low available water for the region, a situation that is likely to affect agricultural, hydropower and other water related development activities in the region. The negative effective water index implies deficits in the region's water resources which call for better management of the region's water resources. In the agriculture sector, this requires promoting technologies and practices that provide for water saving, improved water use performance and high water productivity. These include soil conservation tillage, wastewater reuse, runoff harvesting and soil fertility interventions through application of fertilizers, manures and mulches, and agronomic management. There is need for more analysis for the other regions in order to get a countrywide picture of the climate as well as water resources situations. 展开更多
关键词 climate change Lowveld region rainfall variability temperature water availability.
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A remote sensing based analysis of climate change in Sikkim supported by evidence from the field
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作者 Rumia BASU Gourav MISRA Dipto SARKAR 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2021年第5期1256-1267,共12页
The Himalayas hailed as the‘water towers of the world’feed many perennial rivers which form the lifeline of the Indian sub-continent.Climate change induced rising global temperatures and changing rainfall patterns a... The Himalayas hailed as the‘water towers of the world’feed many perennial rivers which form the lifeline of the Indian sub-continent.Climate change induced rising global temperatures and changing rainfall patterns are currently threatening the glaciers that feed the rivers.The combination of these factors is causing water stresses to a part of the world which is usually considered water abundant.Though there are some large-scale studies done in the Himalayas,regional analysis of changing rainfall patterns and their impacts on vegetation and agriculture is lacking.Here we focus on the Indian state of Sikkim located in the Eastern Himalayas to evaluate these issues using mixed methods.We use satellite data from PERSIANN and MODIS to characterise the regional rainfall,vegetation,and surface temperature trends between 2001 and 2019.While the analysis shows overall declining rainfall trends across most land cover classes,the trends in temperature are mostly positive for the period of study,with winter Land Surface Temperature(LST)values showing the largest area with marginally significant(p<0.1)positive trends.In contrast,such patterns are not observed for agriculture.However,the interviews corroborate that even agriculture is impacted,implying that the trends continue at finer spatial scales too.The lack of government support for adaptation and mitigation is also lamented placing the communities at a precarious position to continuing climate change. 展开更多
关键词 climate change RAINFALL temperature VEGETATION Mixed methods SIKKIM
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Climate change in the twenty-first century over China: projections by an RCM and the driving GCM
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作者 CHEN Nan GAO Xuejie 《Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters》 CSCD 2019年第4期270-277,共8页
A regional climate model(RegCM4)is used to project climate change over China in the twenty-first century under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 pathways.The driving GCM is CSIRO Mk3.6.0(hereafter referred to simply as CSIRO),and... A regional climate model(RegCM4)is used to project climate change over China in the twenty-first century under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 pathways.The driving GCM is CSIRO Mk3.6.0(hereafter referred to simply as CSIRO),and the simulation(hereafter referred to as CdR)is run at a grid spacing of 25 km.The focus of the present paper is on the changes in mean surface air temperature and precipitation in December–January–February(DJF)and June–July–August(JJA)over China.Validation of the model performances is provided first,followed by a comparison of future changes projected by CSIRO and CdR.Substantial warming in the future is simulated by both models,being more pronounced in DJF compared to JJA,and under RCP8.5 compared to RCP4.5.The warming shows different spatial patterns and,to a less extent,magnitude between CSIRO and CdR.Precipitation change shows a general increase in DJF and a mixture of increase and decrease in JJA.Substantial differences between the two models are found in for precipitation change in JJA.The paper further emphasizes the uncertainties in climate change projection over the region. 展开更多
关键词 climate change REGCM China temperature PRECIPITATION
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No treeline shift despite climate change over the last 70 years
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作者 Mirela Beloiu Dimitris Poursanidis +6 位作者 Antonis Tsakirakis Nektarios Chrysoulakis Samuel Hoffmann Petros Lymberakis Antonis Barnias David Kienle Carl Beierkuhnlein 《Forest Ecosystems》 SCIE CSCD 2022年第1期13-22,共10页
Background:The recent rise in temperature and shifting precipitation regimes threaten ecosystems around the globe to different degrees.Treelines are expected to respond to climate warming by shifting to higher elevati... Background:The recent rise in temperature and shifting precipitation regimes threaten ecosystems around the globe to different degrees.Treelines are expected to respond to climate warming by shifting to higher elevations,but it is unclear whether they can track temperature changes.Here,we integrated high-resolution aerial imagery with local climatic and topographic characteristics to study the treeline dynamic from 1945 to 2015 on the semiarid Mediterranean island of Crete,Greece.Results:During the study period,the mean annual temperature at the treeline increased by 0.81℃,while the average precipitation decreased by 170 mm.The treeline is characterized by a diffuse form,with trees growing on steep limestone slopes(>50°)and shallow soils.Moreover,the treeline elevation decreases with increasing distance from the coast and with aspect(south>north).Yet,we found no shift in the treeline over the past 70 years,despite an increase in temperature in all four study sites.However,the treeline elevation correlated strongly with topographic exposure to wind(R^(2)=0.74,p<0.001).Therefore,the temporal lag in treeline response to warming could be explained by a combination of topographic and microclimatic factors,such as the absence of a shelter effect and a decrease in moisture.Conclusion:Although there was no treeline shift over the last 70 years,climate change has already started shifting the treeline altitudinal optimum.Consequently,the lack of climate-mediated migration at the treeline should raise concerns about the threats posed by warming,such as drought damages,and wildfire,especially in the Mediterranean region.Therefore,conservation management should discuss options and needs to support adaptive management. 展开更多
关键词 Aerial imagery Protected area Continental island Mediterranean region High mountains temperature Precipitation climate change Forest dynamics
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Rapid range expansion predicted for the Common Grackle(Quiscalus quiscula)in the near future under climate change scenarios
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作者 Peter Capainolo Utku Perktaş Mark DEFellowes 《Avian Research》 SCIE CSCD 2021年第4期569-575,共7页
Background:Climate change due to anthropogenic global warming is the most important factor that will affect future range distribution of species and will shape future biogeographic patterns.While much effort has been ... Background:Climate change due to anthropogenic global warming is the most important factor that will affect future range distribution of species and will shape future biogeographic patterns.While much effort has been expended in understanding how climate change will affect rare and declining species we have less of an understanding of the likely consequences for some abundant species.The Common Grackle(Quiscalus quiscula;Linnaeus 1758),though declining in portions of its range,is a widespread blackbird(Icteridae)species in North America east of the Rocky Mountains.This study examined how climate change might affect the future range distribution of Common Grackles.Methods:We used the R package Wallace and six general climate models(ACCESS1-0,BCC-CSM1-1,CESM1-CAM5-1-FV2,CNRM-CM5,MIROC-ESM,and MPI-ESM-LR)available for the future(2070)to identify climatically suitable areas,with an ecological niche modelling approach that includes the use of environmental conditions.Results:Future projections suggested a significant expansion from the current range into northern parts of North America and Alaska,even under more optimistic climate change scenarios.Additionally,there is evidence of possible future colonization of islands in the Caribbean as well as coastal regions in eastern Central America.The most important bioclimatic variables for model predictions were Annual Mean Temperature,Temperature Seasonality,Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter and Annual Precipitation.Conclusions:The results suggest that the Common Grackle could continue to expand its range in North America over the next 50 years.This research is important in helping us understand how climate change will affect future range patterns of widespread,common bird species. 展开更多
关键词 Annual mean temperature climate change Common Grackle Ecological niche modelling Range shift SEASONALITY
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Impacts of climate change on the yields of leguminous crops in the Guinea Savanna agroecological zone of Ghana
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作者 Enoch YELELIERE Philip ANTWI-AGYEI Frank BAFFOUR-ATA 《Regional Sustainability》 2023年第2期139-149,共11页
The impacts of climate change on crop yields are receiving renewed interest,with focus on cereals and staple crops at the regional and national scales.Yet,the impacts of climate change on the yields of leguminous crop... The impacts of climate change on crop yields are receiving renewed interest,with focus on cereals and staple crops at the regional and national scales.Yet,the impacts of climate change on the yields of leguminous crops in the local context has not been explored.Thus,an in-depth understanding of climate change in the local context may support the design of locally relevant adaptation responses to current and future climate risks.This study examined the impacts of climate variables(annual rainfall,annual average temperature,rainfall indices(rainfall onset,rainfall cessation,and the length of rainy days),and the number of dry days)on the yields of leguminous crops(groundnuts,cowpeas,and soybeans)in the Guinea Savanna agroecological zone of Ghana during the period of 1989-2020.The data were analysed using Mann-Kendall’s trend,Sen’s slope test,correlation analysis,and Multiple Regression Analysis(MRA).The findings revealed that annual rainfall,annual average temperature,rainfall onset,rainfall cessation,and the length of rainy days,and the number of dry days all showed varied impacts on the yields of groundnuts,cowpeas,and soybeans.The trend analysis detected a marginal decrease in the amount of rainfall,rainfall onset,and the number of dry days from 1989 to 2020(P>0.050).Annual average temperature and the length of rainy days substantially varied(P<0.050)from 1989 to 2020,showing an increasing trend.The findings also showed a marked upward trend for the yields of groundnuts,cowpeas,and soybeans during 2005-2020.The climate variables analysed above increased the yields of groundnuts,cowpeas,and soybeans by 49.0%,55.0%,and 69.0%,respectively.The yields of groundnuts,cowpeas,and soybeans fluctuated with the variability of 30.0%,28.0%,and 27.0%from 2005 to 2020,respectively.The three leguminous crops under study demonstrated unpredictable yields due to the variations of annual rainfall,annual average temperature,rainfall onset,rainfall cessation,the length of rainy days,and the number of dry days,which stressed the need for agricultural diversification,changing planting dates,using improved seed variety,and irrigation to respond to climate change.The results of this study implied that climate change considerably impacts crop production in the Guinea Savanna agroecological zone of Ghana,emphasizing the urgency of locally based and farmer-induced adaptation measures for food security and resilient agricultural systems. 展开更多
关键词 climate change Leguminous crops(groundnuts cowpeas and soybeans) Guinea Savanna Annual average temperature Rainfall indices Number of dry days
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Impact of Climate Change on Diseases of Crops and Their Management-A Review
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作者 Manish Kumar Maurya Vikash Kumar Yadav +3 位作者 Sumant Pratap Singh Rajender Jatoth Hemant Kumar Singh Dinesh Singh 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B)》 2022年第1期1-15,共15页
Change in global climate is primarily due to rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that is mostly caused by human activities.The important factors affecting the occurrence and spread of the plant... Change in global climate is primarily due to rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that is mostly caused by human activities.The important factors affecting the occurrence and spread of the plant diseases are temperature,moisture,light,and CO_(2) concentration.These factors cause physiological changes in plants that result in increase in intensity of crop diseases.Climate change causes a significant impact on germination,reproduction,sporulation and spore dispersal of pathogens.Climate change affects all life stages of the pathogen as well as its host to cause impact on host-pathogen interaction which facilitates the emergence of new races of the pathogen ultimately breakdowns the host resistance.It also affects the microbial community in the soil which is beneficial to the plants in various aspects.The minor diseases become major ones due to alteration in climatic parameters thus posing a threat to the food security. 展开更多
关键词 climate change greenhouse gases temperature elevated CO_(2) PATHOGENS SPORULATION
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Autonomous Changes in the Concentration of Water Vapor Drive Climate Change
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作者 William A. Van Brunt 《Atmospheric and Climate Sciences》 2020年第4期443-508,共66页
When compared to the average annual global temperature record from 1880, no published climate model posited on the assumption that the increasing concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide is the driver of climate ch... When compared to the average annual global temperature record from 1880, no published climate model posited on the assumption that the increasing concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide is the driver of climate change can accurately replicate the significant variability in the annual temperature record. Therefore, new principles of atmospheric physics are developed for determining changes in the average annual global temperature based on changes in the average atmospheric concentration of water vapor. These new principles prove that: 1) Changes in average global temperature are not driven by changes in the concentration of carbon dioxide;2) Instead, autonomous changes in the concentration of water vapor, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Δ</span>TPW, drive changes in water vapor heating, thus, the average global temperature, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Δ</span>T<sub>Avg</sub>, in accordance with this principle, <span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Δ</span>T</span><span style="white-space:normal;"><sub>Avg</sub>=0.4<span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Δ</span>TPW </span></span>the average accuracy of which is ±0.14%, when compared to the variable annual, 1880-2019, temperature record;3) Changes in the concentration of water vapor and changes in water vapor heating are not a feedback response to changes in the concentration of CO<sub>2</sub>;4) Rather, increases in water vapor heating and increases in the concentration of water vapor drive each other in an autonomous positive feedback loop;5) This feedback loop can be brought to a halt if the average global rate of precipitation can be brought into balance with the average global rate of evaporation and maintained there;and, 6) The recent increases in average global temperature can be reversed, if average global precipitation can be increased sufficiently to slightly exceed the average rate of evaporation. 展开更多
关键词 Carbon Dioxide climate change Water Vapor Global Warming DRIVER Average Global temperature change in Concentration Water Vapor Water Vapor Heating
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