This paper reviewed basic definitions of residential community landscape,analyzed the differences between residential community landscapes in north and south China,and also the causes of landscape differences from the...This paper reviewed basic definitions of residential community landscape,analyzed the differences between residential community landscapes in north and south China,and also the causes of landscape differences from the perspectives of climate,soil,vegetation species,water resources,historical and cultural background. Moreover,landscape design strategies suitable for actual conditions of China were put forward in terms of overall style,plant configuration,waterscape design,and construction details.展开更多
The best track dataset of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific (WNP) and the South China Sea (SCS) from 1977 to 2005 during the satellite era, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset and the extended reconstruc...The best track dataset of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific (WNP) and the South China Sea (SCS) from 1977 to 2005 during the satellite era, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset and the extended reconstructed sea surface temperature dataset are employed in this study. The main climatological characteristics of tropical cyclone formation over the WNP and the SCS are compared. It is found that there is obviously different for the locations of tropical cyclone origins, achieving the lowest central pressure and termination points between over the WNP and over the SCS. The annual number of tropical cyclones forming over the SCS is obviously less than over the WNP, and there is a significant negative correlation with the correlation coefficient being - 0.36 at the 5% significance level between over the WNP and over the SCS. The mean speed of tropical cyclone moving is 6.5 m/s over the WNP and 4.6 m/s over the SCS. The mean lowest central pressure of tropical cyclones is obviously weaker over the SCS than over the WNP. The tropical cyclone days per year, mean total distance and total displacement of tropical cyclone traveled over the WNP are all obviously longer than those over the SCS. Tropical cyclone may intensify to Saffir - Simpson hurricane scale 5 over the WNP, but no tropical cyclone can intensify to Saffir - Simpson hurricane scale 3 over the SCS. The changing ranges of the radii (R15,R16) of the 15.4 m/s winds them and the 25.7 m/s winds over the WNP are obviously wider than those over the SCS, and the median values of the radii over the WNP are also larger than those over the SCS. For the same intensity of tropical cyclones, both radii have larger medians over the WNP than over the SCS. The correlations of annual mean tropical cyclone size parameters between over the WNP and over the SCS are not significant. At the same time, the asymmetric radii of tropical cyclones over the WNP are different from those over the SCS.展开更多
Two field observations were conducted around the Lembeh Strait in September 2015 and 2016, respectively.Evidences indicate that seawater around the Lembeh Strait is consisted of North Pacific Tropical Water(NPTW),Nort...Two field observations were conducted around the Lembeh Strait in September 2015 and 2016, respectively.Evidences indicate that seawater around the Lembeh Strait is consisted of North Pacific Tropical Water(NPTW),North Pacific Intermediate Water(NPIW), North Pacific Tropical Intermediate Water(NPTIW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water(AAIW). Around the Lembeh Strait, there exist some north-south differences in terms of water mass properties. NPTIW is only found in the southern Lembeh Strait. Water mass with the salinity of 34.6 is only detected at 200–240 m between NPTW and NPTIW in the southern Lembeh Strait, and results from the process of mixing between the saltier water transported from the South Pacific Ocean and the lighter water from the North Pacific Ocean and Sulawesi Sea. According to the analysis on mixing layer depth, it is indicated that there exists an onshore surface current in the northern Lembeh Strait and the surface current in the Lembeh Strait is southward.These dramatic differences of water masses demonstrate that the less water exchange has been occurred between the north and south of Lembeh Strait. In 2015, the positive wind stress curl covering the northern Lembeh Strait induces the shoaling of thermocline and deepening of NPIW, which show that the north-south difference of airsea system is possible of inducing north-south differences of seawater properties.展开更多
Based on the flood affected area(FA) data of the provinces in China from 1950 to 2005,the article discusses the change of the flood patterns in China,and investigates its relationship with climate change and human act...Based on the flood affected area(FA) data of the provinces in China from 1950 to 2005,the article discusses the change of the flood patterns in China,and investigates its relationship with climate change and human activities.The flood center shifted from North China and the Yangtze-Huaihe basin in the 1950s towards the south,north and west of China,and located in the south of the Yangtze River and South China after the 1990s.The FA in the western provinces was continuously on the rise since the 1950s.There are two characteristics for the future flood pattern in China.The pattern of "flood in the south and drought in the north" depends on the north-south shift of the maximum rainfall region in eastern China.The flood intensification to the west of Hu Huanyong's line mainly results from the increase of rainfall,extreme precipitation and the melting of glaciers under the background of human activity magnification.展开更多
The mountain watersheds of Kaidu River and Urumqi River, which separately originate from the south and north-side of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, are selected as the study area. The characteristics and trends o...The mountain watersheds of Kaidu River and Urumqi River, which separately originate from the south and north-side of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, are selected as the study area. The characteristics and trends on variation of temperature, precipitation and runoff, and the correlativity between temperature, precipitation, and runoffwere analyzed based on the past 40 years of observational data from the correlative hydrological and weather stations in the study areas. Various weather scene combinations are assumed and the response models of runoff to climate change are established in order to evaluate the sensitivity of runoff to climate change in the study areas based on the foregoing analysis, Results show that all variations of temperature, precipitation, and runoff overall present an oscillating and increasing trend since the 1960s and this increase are quite evident after 1990. There is a markedly positive correlation between mountain runoff, temperature, and precipitation while there are obvious regional differences of responding degree to precipitation and temperature between mountain runoff of Ummqi River and Kaidu River Basins Also, mountain runoff of Urumqi River Basin is more sensitive to precipitation change than that of Kaidu River Basin, and mountain runoff of Kaidu River Basin is more sensitive to temperature change than that of Ummqi River Basin.展开更多
减少食物浪费是保障粮食安全、缓解全球气候变暖的重要举措。基于中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)和中国食品生命周期评估数据库(CFLCAD),从南北主食差异这一视角出发,基于生命周期理论分析中国居民家庭的食物浪费碳足迹。研究发现,中国居民...减少食物浪费是保障粮食安全、缓解全球气候变暖的重要举措。基于中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)和中国食品生命周期评估数据库(CFLCAD),从南北主食差异这一视角出发,基于生命周期理论分析中国居民家庭的食物浪费碳足迹。研究发现,中国居民家庭人均日食物浪费碳足迹为62.255 g CO^(2)eq。相比以小麦为主食的北方家庭(人均食物浪费碳足迹为53.704 g CO^(2)eq/d),以大米为主食的南方家庭有着更高的人均食物浪费碳足迹(69.628 g CO^(2)eq/d)。此外,显著影响家庭食物浪费碳足迹的还有户主年龄、主要女性成员年龄、主要女性成员受教育年限、家庭人口规模与结构、收入水平、储藏条件和膳食知识、家庭类型等变量。展开更多
目的:探索南北方地区骨质疏松症患者中医体质的分布特点。方法:筛选2009年4月至2023年8月发表的有关中医体质与骨质疏松相关性研究的文献,以“骨质疏松”“中医体质”“osteoporosis”“traditional Chinese medical constitution”等...目的:探索南北方地区骨质疏松症患者中医体质的分布特点。方法:筛选2009年4月至2023年8月发表的有关中医体质与骨质疏松相关性研究的文献,以“骨质疏松”“中医体质”“osteoporosis”“traditional Chinese medical constitution”等为主题词进行检索,将最终纳入研究的文献按地区进行南北方划分,对纳入文献中的体质与骨质疏松数据进行南北方差异分析。结果:最终纳入研究的文献共19篇,其中南方地区9篇,北方地区10篇。Meta分析结果显示,南方地区气虚质(OR=2.46,95%CI:1.68~3.62)、阳虚质(OR=2.19,95%CI:1.83~2.63)发生骨质疏松的风险较高,痰湿质(OR=0.41,95%CI:0.32~0.53)及湿热质(OR=0.56,95%CI:0.35~0.89)为其保护性体质;北方地区血瘀质(OR=2.32,95%CI:1.51~3.58)、阳虚质(OR=2.28,95%CI:1.56~3.34)及阴虚质(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.07~2.64)发生骨质疏松的风险较高。结论:南北方地区体质与骨质疏松的相关性具有差异,在南方,气虚质、阳虚质为危险因素,痰湿质、湿热质为保护因素;在北方,血瘀质、阳虚质、阴虚质为危险因素。展开更多
The differences in the climatology of extratropical transition(ET) of western North Pacific tropical cyclones(TCs) were investigated in this study using the TCs best-track datasets of China Meteorological Administrati...The differences in the climatology of extratropical transition(ET) of western North Pacific tropical cyclones(TCs) were investigated in this study using the TCs best-track datasets of China Meteorological Administration(CMA),Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center(JTWC). The results show that the ET identification, ET completion time, and post-ET duration reported in the JTWC dataset are greatly different from those in CMA and JMA datasets during 2004-2010. However, the key differences between the CMA and JMA datasets from 1951 to 2010 are the ET identification and the post-ET duration, because of inconsistent objective ET criteria used in the centers. Further analysis indicates that annual ET percentage of CMA was lower than that of JMA, and exhibited an interannual decreasing trend, while that of JMA was an unchanged trend. The western North Pacific ET events occurred mainly during the period June to November. The latitude of ET occurrence shifted northward from February to August,followed by a southward shift. Most of ET events were observed between 35°N and 45°N. From a regional perspective,TCs tended to undergo ET in Japan and the ocean east to it. It is found that TCs which experienced the ET process at higher latitudes were generally more intense at the ET completion time. TCs completing the ET overland or offshore were weaker than those finishing the ET over the ocean. Most of the TCs weakened 24 h before the completion of ET.In contrast, 21%(27%) of the TCs showed an intensification process based on the CMA(JMA) dataset during the post-ET period. The results presented in this study indicate that consistent ET determination criteria are needed to reduce the uncertainty involved in ET identification among the centers.展开更多
Northern regional folk culture and art is colorful, bright vibrant, showing a flourishing pomp, The paper-cut art is one of the essential of the Pearl.The following article is based on the premise of the relationship ...Northern regional folk culture and art is colorful, bright vibrant, showing a flourishing pomp, The paper-cut art is one of the essential of the Pearl.The following article is based on the premise of the relationship between the North and the surrounding area customs and cultural heritage of folk art paper-cut, carrys on the review and analysis, focuses on northern folk paper-cut of origin, schools,, characteristics and the differences between the North and South.展开更多
文摘This paper reviewed basic definitions of residential community landscape,analyzed the differences between residential community landscapes in north and south China,and also the causes of landscape differences from the perspectives of climate,soil,vegetation species,water resources,historical and cultural background. Moreover,landscape design strategies suitable for actual conditions of China were put forward in terms of overall style,plant configuration,waterscape design,and construction details.
文摘The best track dataset of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific (WNP) and the South China Sea (SCS) from 1977 to 2005 during the satellite era, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset and the extended reconstructed sea surface temperature dataset are employed in this study. The main climatological characteristics of tropical cyclone formation over the WNP and the SCS are compared. It is found that there is obviously different for the locations of tropical cyclone origins, achieving the lowest central pressure and termination points between over the WNP and over the SCS. The annual number of tropical cyclones forming over the SCS is obviously less than over the WNP, and there is a significant negative correlation with the correlation coefficient being - 0.36 at the 5% significance level between over the WNP and over the SCS. The mean speed of tropical cyclone moving is 6.5 m/s over the WNP and 4.6 m/s over the SCS. The mean lowest central pressure of tropical cyclones is obviously weaker over the SCS than over the WNP. The tropical cyclone days per year, mean total distance and total displacement of tropical cyclone traveled over the WNP are all obviously longer than those over the SCS. Tropical cyclone may intensify to Saffir - Simpson hurricane scale 5 over the WNP, but no tropical cyclone can intensify to Saffir - Simpson hurricane scale 3 over the SCS. The changing ranges of the radii (R15,R16) of the 15.4 m/s winds them and the 25.7 m/s winds over the WNP are obviously wider than those over the SCS, and the median values of the radii over the WNP are also larger than those over the SCS. For the same intensity of tropical cyclones, both radii have larger medians over the WNP than over the SCS. The correlations of annual mean tropical cyclone size parameters between over the WNP and over the SCS are not significant. At the same time, the asymmetric radii of tropical cyclones over the WNP are different from those over the SCS.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China under contract No.2017YFC1405101the Scientific Research Foundation of the Third Institute of Oceanography under contract No.2016025the China-Indonesia Maritime Cooperation Fund Project"ChinaIndonesia Bitung Ecological Station Establishment"
文摘Two field observations were conducted around the Lembeh Strait in September 2015 and 2016, respectively.Evidences indicate that seawater around the Lembeh Strait is consisted of North Pacific Tropical Water(NPTW),North Pacific Intermediate Water(NPIW), North Pacific Tropical Intermediate Water(NPTIW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water(AAIW). Around the Lembeh Strait, there exist some north-south differences in terms of water mass properties. NPTIW is only found in the southern Lembeh Strait. Water mass with the salinity of 34.6 is only detected at 200–240 m between NPTW and NPTIW in the southern Lembeh Strait, and results from the process of mixing between the saltier water transported from the South Pacific Ocean and the lighter water from the North Pacific Ocean and Sulawesi Sea. According to the analysis on mixing layer depth, it is indicated that there exists an onshore surface current in the northern Lembeh Strait and the surface current in the Lembeh Strait is southward.These dramatic differences of water masses demonstrate that the less water exchange has been occurred between the north and south of Lembeh Strait. In 2015, the positive wind stress curl covering the northern Lembeh Strait induces the shoaling of thermocline and deepening of NPIW, which show that the north-south difference of airsea system is possible of inducing north-south differences of seawater properties.
基金funded by the key program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40730635)Commonweal and Specialized Program for Scientific Research,Ministry of Water Resources of China (Grant No.2007011024)
文摘Based on the flood affected area(FA) data of the provinces in China from 1950 to 2005,the article discusses the change of the flood patterns in China,and investigates its relationship with climate change and human activities.The flood center shifted from North China and the Yangtze-Huaihe basin in the 1950s towards the south,north and west of China,and located in the south of the Yangtze River and South China after the 1990s.The FA in the western provinces was continuously on the rise since the 1950s.There are two characteristics for the future flood pattern in China.The pattern of "flood in the south and drought in the north" depends on the north-south shift of the maximum rainfall region in eastern China.The flood intensification to the west of Hu Huanyong's line mainly results from the increase of rainfall,extreme precipitation and the melting of glaciers under the background of human activity magnification.
基金supported by the funding of the Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology Open FundChinese Academy of Sciences and Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.KZCX2-YW-328
文摘The mountain watersheds of Kaidu River and Urumqi River, which separately originate from the south and north-side of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, are selected as the study area. The characteristics and trends on variation of temperature, precipitation and runoff, and the correlativity between temperature, precipitation, and runoffwere analyzed based on the past 40 years of observational data from the correlative hydrological and weather stations in the study areas. Various weather scene combinations are assumed and the response models of runoff to climate change are established in order to evaluate the sensitivity of runoff to climate change in the study areas based on the foregoing analysis, Results show that all variations of temperature, precipitation, and runoff overall present an oscillating and increasing trend since the 1960s and this increase are quite evident after 1990. There is a markedly positive correlation between mountain runoff, temperature, and precipitation while there are obvious regional differences of responding degree to precipitation and temperature between mountain runoff of Ummqi River and Kaidu River Basins Also, mountain runoff of Urumqi River Basin is more sensitive to precipitation change than that of Kaidu River Basin, and mountain runoff of Kaidu River Basin is more sensitive to temperature change than that of Ummqi River Basin.
文摘减少食物浪费是保障粮食安全、缓解全球气候变暖的重要举措。基于中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)和中国食品生命周期评估数据库(CFLCAD),从南北主食差异这一视角出发,基于生命周期理论分析中国居民家庭的食物浪费碳足迹。研究发现,中国居民家庭人均日食物浪费碳足迹为62.255 g CO^(2)eq。相比以小麦为主食的北方家庭(人均食物浪费碳足迹为53.704 g CO^(2)eq/d),以大米为主食的南方家庭有着更高的人均食物浪费碳足迹(69.628 g CO^(2)eq/d)。此外,显著影响家庭食物浪费碳足迹的还有户主年龄、主要女性成员年龄、主要女性成员受教育年限、家庭人口规模与结构、收入水平、储藏条件和膳食知识、家庭类型等变量。
文摘目的:探索南北方地区骨质疏松症患者中医体质的分布特点。方法:筛选2009年4月至2023年8月发表的有关中医体质与骨质疏松相关性研究的文献,以“骨质疏松”“中医体质”“osteoporosis”“traditional Chinese medical constitution”等为主题词进行检索,将最终纳入研究的文献按地区进行南北方划分,对纳入文献中的体质与骨质疏松数据进行南北方差异分析。结果:最终纳入研究的文献共19篇,其中南方地区9篇,北方地区10篇。Meta分析结果显示,南方地区气虚质(OR=2.46,95%CI:1.68~3.62)、阳虚质(OR=2.19,95%CI:1.83~2.63)发生骨质疏松的风险较高,痰湿质(OR=0.41,95%CI:0.32~0.53)及湿热质(OR=0.56,95%CI:0.35~0.89)为其保护性体质;北方地区血瘀质(OR=2.32,95%CI:1.51~3.58)、阳虚质(OR=2.28,95%CI:1.56~3.34)及阴虚质(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.07~2.64)发生骨质疏松的风险较高。结论:南北方地区体质与骨质疏松的相关性具有差异,在南方,气虚质、阳虚质为危险因素,痰湿质、湿热质为保护因素;在北方,血瘀质、阳虚质、阴虚质为危险因素。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41465003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41665006)China National Special Funding Project for Meteorology(GYHY201406010,GYHY201306071)
文摘The differences in the climatology of extratropical transition(ET) of western North Pacific tropical cyclones(TCs) were investigated in this study using the TCs best-track datasets of China Meteorological Administration(CMA),Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center(JTWC). The results show that the ET identification, ET completion time, and post-ET duration reported in the JTWC dataset are greatly different from those in CMA and JMA datasets during 2004-2010. However, the key differences between the CMA and JMA datasets from 1951 to 2010 are the ET identification and the post-ET duration, because of inconsistent objective ET criteria used in the centers. Further analysis indicates that annual ET percentage of CMA was lower than that of JMA, and exhibited an interannual decreasing trend, while that of JMA was an unchanged trend. The western North Pacific ET events occurred mainly during the period June to November. The latitude of ET occurrence shifted northward from February to August,followed by a southward shift. Most of ET events were observed between 35°N and 45°N. From a regional perspective,TCs tended to undergo ET in Japan and the ocean east to it. It is found that TCs which experienced the ET process at higher latitudes were generally more intense at the ET completion time. TCs completing the ET overland or offshore were weaker than those finishing the ET over the ocean. Most of the TCs weakened 24 h before the completion of ET.In contrast, 21%(27%) of the TCs showed an intensification process based on the CMA(JMA) dataset during the post-ET period. The results presented in this study indicate that consistent ET determination criteria are needed to reduce the uncertainty involved in ET identification among the centers.
文摘Northern regional folk culture and art is colorful, bright vibrant, showing a flourishing pomp, The paper-cut art is one of the essential of the Pearl.The following article is based on the premise of the relationship between the North and the surrounding area customs and cultural heritage of folk art paper-cut, carrys on the review and analysis, focuses on northern folk paper-cut of origin, schools,, characteristics and the differences between the North and South.