Based on the World Bank Investment Climate Survey, this paper investigates the openness effects on the efficiency of firms in China＇s manufacturing industry using a two-step data envelopment analysis （DEA） approach...Based on the World Bank Investment Climate Survey, this paper investigates the openness effects on the efficiency of firms in China＇s manufacturing industry using a two-step data envelopment analysis （DEA） approach. In the first step, the aggregate efficiency of open firms and non-open firms is compared in each sub-industry using a group-wise heterogeneous bootstrap procedure. The results show, at a 90% confidence level, that open firms are more efficient than non-open firms in four out of five sub-industries. Furthermore, in the second step, we employ the two-stage bootstrap DEA approach to more specifically evaluate the effects of openness on the efficiency of firms. The regression results show that three openness indicators （foreign capital, import and export） have strong positive effects on firms＇ efficiency in China＇s manufacturing industry. In addition, the results also suggest that a larger state share, larger firm size, and more capital stock are negatively related to the efficiencies of firms, while a firms＇ learning and absorptive capacity is positively related to its efficiency.展开更多
The authors compared two different sets of assessment of the abilities of contemporary climate models. One group is made of experts, and their results are provided in two expert reports, while the other is the subject...The authors compared two different sets of assessment of the abilities of contemporary climate models. One group is made of experts, and their results are provided in two expert reports, while the other is the subjective assessment made by ＂physical climate scientists＂ in general, sampled in a series of three survey questionnaires. The expert group is considerably more optimistic than the general group; the former suggesting progress, while the perception of the latter group is more or less stationary.展开更多
The Ifo World Economic Climate Index fell in October 2008 to the historically lowest level since more than 20 years (60.0;1995=100). The decline is primarily the result of more unfavourable assessments of the current ...The Ifo World Economic Climate Index fell in October 2008 to the historically lowest level since more than 20 years (60.0;1995=100). The decline is primarily the result of more unfavourable assessments of the current economic situation,but also the expectations for the coming six months have worsened further.展开更多
In January 2007 the World Economic Climateslightly improved, confirming the previous quarterforecast of an economic soft-landing. The climateindicator stands at 106.5 (1995=100) and is thusconsiderably above its long-...In January 2007 the World Economic Climateslightly improved, confirming the previous quarterforecast of an economic soft-landing. The climateindicator stands at 106.5 (1995=100) and is thusconsiderably above its long-term average (1991-展开更多
文摘Based on the World Bank Investment Climate Survey, this paper investigates the openness effects on the efficiency of firms in China＇s manufacturing industry using a two-step data envelopment analysis （DEA） approach. In the first step, the aggregate efficiency of open firms and non-open firms is compared in each sub-industry using a group-wise heterogeneous bootstrap procedure. The results show, at a 90% confidence level, that open firms are more efficient than non-open firms in four out of five sub-industries. Furthermore, in the second step, we employ the two-stage bootstrap DEA approach to more specifically evaluate the effects of openness on the efficiency of firms. The regression results show that three openness indicators （foreign capital, import and export） have strong positive effects on firms＇ efficiency in China＇s manufacturing industry. In addition, the results also suggest that a larger state share, larger firm size, and more capital stock are negatively related to the efficiencies of firms, while a firms＇ learning and absorptive capacity is positively related to its efficiency.
文摘The authors compared two different sets of assessment of the abilities of contemporary climate models. One group is made of experts, and their results are provided in two expert reports, while the other is the subjective assessment made by ＂physical climate scientists＂ in general, sampled in a series of three survey questionnaires. The expert group is considerably more optimistic than the general group; the former suggesting progress, while the perception of the latter group is more or less stationary.
文摘The Ifo World Economic Climate Index fell in October 2008 to the historically lowest level since more than 20 years (60.0;1995=100). The decline is primarily the result of more unfavourable assessments of the current economic situation,but also the expectations for the coming six months have worsened further.
文摘In January 2007 the World Economic Climateslightly improved, confirming the previous quarterforecast of an economic soft-landing. The climateindicator stands at 106.5 (1995=100) and is thusconsiderably above its long-term average (1991-
