The economy is globalizing. But how are the different economic world regions performing regarding globalization of trade flows? Why are they performing differently? Globalization is not only the increase of internatio...The economy is globalizing. But how are the different economic world regions performing regarding globalization of trade flows? Why are they performing differently? Globalization is not only the increase of international trade between certain preferential geographic areas of economy, but also the resulting increase of interweavement of trade flows between different geographical areas, independent of the amount of trade. This paper is a revised and expanded version of the paper entitled “World Trade and Associated Systems Risk of Global Inequality: Empiric Study of Globalization Evolution between 2003-2011 and Regional Pattern Analysis” presented at International Conference on Applied Economics (ICOAE2013), Istanbul, 27-29 June, 2013. This paper analyzes the evolution of world trade flows between 2003-2012 and performs a cross-section analysis of the year 2012. The economic interweavement will be measured by an inequality risk metric applied to the supply-demand matrix. This risk indicator is based on the concept of statistical entropy resulting in an inequality risk measure, giving an indication for the degree of economic globalization and the evolution of globalization in different geographical regions. In addition, it analyses the governing rational of globalization evolution. The result of this research shows that economic trade flows are globalizing, but with clear different regional patterns, not only between globalizing and de-globalizing regions, but also within the globalizing and de-globalizing regions itself. The emerging economies such as China or the Middle East are globalizing whereas mature economies such as North America and Europe are de-globalizing, confirming for globalization of the inverse Kuznets evolution. The different patterns between the different economic world regions can be explained by using the Globalization Type’s Model as well as the Central Theorem of Globalization.展开更多
China is the largest country in the trade of juvenile products in the world. However, the products suffered the loss of technical barriers to trade from Europe and the United States of America increased year by year. ...China is the largest country in the trade of juvenile products in the world. However, the products suffered the loss of technical barriers to trade from Europe and the United States of America increased year by year. This paper analyzes the standard system of juvenile product<span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> in Europe and the United States of America with the method of standard comparison, to find its relative technical advantages, explore the reasons for the recall notification of juvenile product</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> exported to the above regions by China, propose strategies for breaking down the technical measures of trade, and promote the development of international juvenile product export trade.</span>展开更多
With the deepening of economic globalization and increasingly fierce competition of trade liberalization in WTO member countries,the effect of traditional trade protection measures is gradually weakening or even remov...With the deepening of economic globalization and increasingly fierce competition of trade liberalization in WTO member countries,the effect of traditional trade protection measures is gradually weakening or even removed. In recent years,Technical Barriers to Trade( TBT)as a category of nontariff barriers to trade,are the widely divergent measures that countries use to regulate markets,protect their consumers,or preserve their natural resources( among other objectives),but they also can be used( or perceived by foreign countries) to discriminate against imports in order to protect domestic industries. These directly or indirectly lead to gradual rise of trade friction of China's pork export. This paper analyzed background and significance of measures for TBT of pork export,current situations of researches on TBT both at home and abroad,and came up with new ideas and viewpoints for further strengthening measures for TBT of pork export.展开更多
Measuring global trade in line with the principle of 'the country of origin' fails to reflect the complexities of global commerce where the design, manufacturing and assembly of products involve several countr...Measuring global trade in line with the principle of 'the country of origin' fails to reflect the complexities of global commerce where the design, manufacturing and assembly of products involve several countries,展开更多
欧盟是我国植物源农产品出口的重要目标市场,也是全球食品安全管理最严苛的地区之一。近年来,欧盟连续撤销多种农药的登记授权,并将相关农药残留限量(MRLs)降低至定量限(LOQ)水平,对农产品的国际贸易产生了重要影响。世界贸易组织(WTO)...欧盟是我国植物源农产品出口的重要目标市场,也是全球食品安全管理最严苛的地区之一。近年来,欧盟连续撤销多种农药的登记授权,并将相关农药残留限量(MRLs)降低至定量限(LOQ)水平,对农产品的国际贸易产生了重要影响。世界贸易组织(WTO)成员对欧盟农药残留管控措施的关注度也越来越高。本文收集整理了1995年至2022年间WTO成员提出的与欧盟农药残留管控相关的“卫生与植物卫生措施特别贸易关注(specific trade concerns on sanitary and phytosanitary measures,SPS STCs)”议题,系统梳理了WTO成员对欧盟农药残留管控措施的关注情况,包括关注议题数量、提出关注议题的成员、涉及的管控措施类型、产品种类及解决情况,总结分析了WTO成员对欧盟农药残留管控措施的主要关注点,并尝试提出了相应的应对思考建议。展开更多
文摘The economy is globalizing. But how are the different economic world regions performing regarding globalization of trade flows? Why are they performing differently? Globalization is not only the increase of international trade between certain preferential geographic areas of economy, but also the resulting increase of interweavement of trade flows between different geographical areas, independent of the amount of trade. This paper is a revised and expanded version of the paper entitled “World Trade and Associated Systems Risk of Global Inequality: Empiric Study of Globalization Evolution between 2003-2011 and Regional Pattern Analysis” presented at International Conference on Applied Economics (ICOAE2013), Istanbul, 27-29 June, 2013. This paper analyzes the evolution of world trade flows between 2003-2012 and performs a cross-section analysis of the year 2012. The economic interweavement will be measured by an inequality risk metric applied to the supply-demand matrix. This risk indicator is based on the concept of statistical entropy resulting in an inequality risk measure, giving an indication for the degree of economic globalization and the evolution of globalization in different geographical regions. In addition, it analyses the governing rational of globalization evolution. The result of this research shows that economic trade flows are globalizing, but with clear different regional patterns, not only between globalizing and de-globalizing regions, but also within the globalizing and de-globalizing regions itself. The emerging economies such as China or the Middle East are globalizing whereas mature economies such as North America and Europe are de-globalizing, confirming for globalization of the inverse Kuznets evolution. The different patterns between the different economic world regions can be explained by using the Globalization Type’s Model as well as the Central Theorem of Globalization.
文摘China is the largest country in the trade of juvenile products in the world. However, the products suffered the loss of technical barriers to trade from Europe and the United States of America increased year by year. This paper analyzes the standard system of juvenile product<span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> in Europe and the United States of America with the method of standard comparison, to find its relative technical advantages, explore the reasons for the recall notification of juvenile product</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> exported to the above regions by China, propose strategies for breaking down the technical measures of trade, and promote the development of international juvenile product export trade.</span>
基金Supported by Science and Technology Program Project of General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China(2014IK242)Science and Technology Planning Project of Sichuan Province(2014ZR0118)Key Science and Technology Self-Funded Project of Sichuan Province in 2013(2013ZRZ008)
文摘With the deepening of economic globalization and increasingly fierce competition of trade liberalization in WTO member countries,the effect of traditional trade protection measures is gradually weakening or even removed. In recent years,Technical Barriers to Trade( TBT)as a category of nontariff barriers to trade,are the widely divergent measures that countries use to regulate markets,protect their consumers,or preserve their natural resources( among other objectives),but they also can be used( or perceived by foreign countries) to discriminate against imports in order to protect domestic industries. These directly or indirectly lead to gradual rise of trade friction of China's pork export. This paper analyzed background and significance of measures for TBT of pork export,current situations of researches on TBT both at home and abroad,and came up with new ideas and viewpoints for further strengthening measures for TBT of pork export.
文摘Measuring global trade in line with the principle of 'the country of origin' fails to reflect the complexities of global commerce where the design, manufacturing and assembly of products involve several countries,
文摘欧盟是我国植物源农产品出口的重要目标市场,也是全球食品安全管理最严苛的地区之一。近年来,欧盟连续撤销多种农药的登记授权,并将相关农药残留限量(MRLs)降低至定量限(LOQ)水平,对农产品的国际贸易产生了重要影响。世界贸易组织(WTO)成员对欧盟农药残留管控措施的关注度也越来越高。本文收集整理了1995年至2022年间WTO成员提出的与欧盟农药残留管控相关的“卫生与植物卫生措施特别贸易关注(specific trade concerns on sanitary and phytosanitary measures,SPS STCs)”议题,系统梳理了WTO成员对欧盟农药残留管控措施的关注情况,包括关注议题数量、提出关注议题的成员、涉及的管控措施类型、产品种类及解决情况,总结分析了WTO成员对欧盟农药残留管控措施的主要关注点,并尝试提出了相应的应对思考建议。