A review of obstacles and facilitating factors of implementing Clinical Ladder Programs in nursing

Clinical Ladder Programs is to develop different training programs according to different levels of nurses’management.The purpose is to improve nurses’sense of professional identity,professional and technical capabilities,and determine salary levels,so as to fully mobilize nurses’enthusiasm.This article reviews the current status of the application of Clinical Ladder Programs in clinical nursing around the world,and understands the obstacles and facilitating factors that affect the implementation of Clinical Ladder Programs,in order to provide a reference for establishing a perfect hierarchical nurse training model in China.

A review of advanced practice nursing in the United States, Canada, Australia and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China

This paper provides an overview of Advanced Practice Nursing(APN)in the USA,Canada,Australia and Hong Kong.It is based upon documents presented to the China Medical Board(CMB)China Nursing Network(CNN)as background for discussions held by the CNN in Shanghai.It discusses the APN role in these countries and regions according to topics identified by the CNN.These are APN educational preparation;role legitimacy;capacity requirements;scope of practice,domains of activities and limited rights for prescription and referral;professional promotion ladder;accreditation system;and,perfor-mance evaluation system.Both Canada and Australia have adapted many aspects of the USA model of APN to fit their specific legislative requirements and local conditions.Hong Kong has taken a different path which may be of interest in the Chinese context.