The development of new drugs for therapeutic purposes has become very expensive and time-consuming in American and European countries.It is estimated that on the average 50 to 100 million dollars and 10 or more years ...The development of new drugs for therapeutic purposes has become very expensive and time-consuming in American and European countries.It is estimated that on the average 50 to 100 million dollars and 10 or more years from the time of patenting are required to make a new drug available for general prescription. Every new drug needs to be charac-展开更多
Introduction Canadian academic centres and children’s hospitals have had a longstanding interest in the improvement of drug therapy for children through research conducted across the four pillars of activity identifi...Introduction Canadian academic centres and children’s hospitals have had a longstanding interest in the improvement of drug therapy for children through research conducted across the four pillars of activity identified as being of展开更多
Gastrodia elata （the tuber of an orchid） requires a fungus, Mycena osmundicola, to sprout the seeds, and Armillaria mellea mushroom mycelia incorporate into the tuber to maintain its maturation and growth. It prefer...Gastrodia elata （the tuber of an orchid） requires a fungus, Mycena osmundicola, to sprout the seeds, and Armillaria mellea mushroom mycelia incorporate into the tuber to maintain its maturation and growth. It prefers light （sandy）, medium （loamy） and heavy （clay） soils. Clinical trials for relieving the main symptoms of hypertension were conducted, with a dose of 1.0-10.0 grams daily of the pure compound （five active ingredients）. Normopress Capsules （250 mg/capsule, 0.5-2.0 grams daily） containing methyldopa were prescribed as a comparison. The results showed high effective rates （〉80%） for types of convulsions, including those that occur with tetanus, epilepsy, stroke, and headaches. In support of treating allergies, it alleviated headaches and general fatigue. It was helpful in clearing the heavy, congested feeling in the head described as the brain fag that accompanies allergies. It treated neurasthenia - weakness, nervous exhaustion and difficult concentrating. The necessity of Gastrodia elata cultivation to solve the rapid exhaustion of resourses was pointed out.展开更多
BACKGROUND Crohn’s disease(CD)is complicated by perianal fistulas in approximately 20%of patients.Achieving permanent fistula closure remains a challenge for physicians.An association between serum anti-tumor necrosi...BACKGROUND Crohn’s disease(CD)is complicated by perianal fistulas in approximately 20%of patients.Achieving permanent fistula closure remains a challenge for physicians.An association between serum anti-tumor necrosis factor-αconcentrations and clinical outcomes in patients with CD has been demonstrated;however,little information is available on serum adalimumab(ADA)concentrations and remission of perianal fistulas in such patients.AIM To study the relationship between serum ADA concentrations and clinical remission of CDassociated perianal fistulas.METHODS This cross-sectional study of patients with CD-associated perianal fistulas treated with ADA was performed at four French hospitals between December 2013 and March 2018.At the time of each serum ADA concentration measurement,we collected information about the patients and their fistulas.The primary study endpoint was clinical remission of fistulas defined as the absence of drainage(in accordance with Present’s criteria),with a PDAI≤4,absence of a seton and assessment of the overall evaluation as favorable by the proctologist at the relevant center.We also assessed fistula healing[defined as being in clinical and radiological(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)remission]and adverse events.RESULTS The study cohort comprised 34 patients who underwent 56 evaluations(patients had between one and four evaluations).Fifteen patients had clinical remissions(44%),four of whom had healed fistulas on MRI.Serum ADA concentrations were significantly higher at evaluations in which clinical remission was identified than at evaluations in which it was not[14(10-16)vs 10(2-15)μg/mL,P=0.01].Serum ADA concentrations were comparable at the times of evaluation of patients with and without healed fistulas[11(7-14)vs 10(4-16)μg/mL,P=0.69].The adverse event rate did not differ between different serum ADA concentrations.CONCLUSION We found a significant association between high serum ADA concentrations and clinical remission of CD-associated perianal fistulas.展开更多
Modern drugs have changed epilepsy,which affects people of all ages.However,for young people with epilepsy,the framework of drug development has stalled.In the wake of the thalidomide catastrophe,the misconception eme...Modern drugs have changed epilepsy,which affects people of all ages.However,for young people with epilepsy,the framework of drug development has stalled.In the wake of the thalidomide catastrophe,the misconception emerged that for people<18 years of age drugs,including antiseizure medications(ASMs),need separate proof of efficacy and safety,overall called"pediatric drug development".For ASMs,this has changed to some degree.Authorities now accept that ASMs are effective in<18 years as well,but they still require"extrapolation of efficacy,"as if minors were another species.As a result,some of the pediatric clinical epilepsy research over the past decades was unnecessary.Even more importantly,this has hampered research on meaningful research goals.We do not need to confirm that ASMs work before as they do after the 18th birthday.Instead,we need to learn how to prevent brain damage in young patients by preventing seizures and optimize ASMs’uses.Herein we discuss how to proceed in this endeavor.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the safety of adding ketoprofen to pegylated-interferon(PEG-IFN)with or without ribavirin and the effect on viral kinetics,STAT1 activity and expression of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2...AIM:To evaluate the safety of adding ketoprofen to pegylated-interferon(PEG-IFN)with or without ribavirin and the effect on viral kinetics,STAT1 activity and expression of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2'-5'OAS)in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C in a phaseⅡstudy. METHODS:Forty-five patients were studied:fifteen were randomized to PEG-IFN plus ribavirin(PR),16 to PEGIFN plus ketoprofen and 14 to PR and ketoprofen.Themolecular study of IFN-dependent signal transduction was conducted in 9 patients from each group. RESULTS:The combination of ketoprofen and PEG- IFN with or without ribavirin was safe and well tolerated.An early activation of STAT1 was observed in ke-toprofen-treated patients,but this activation was less sustained over time.Conversely,ketoprofen plus PEG- IFN and ribavirin induced an early and sustained increase of 2'-5'OAS transcription starting 24 h after the first dose until the 36th wk.These data are consistent with the clinical results,showing a better sustained virological response and a lower relapse rate in patients receiving ketoprofen plus PEG-IFN and ribavirin. CONCLUSION:The addition of ketoprofen to the standard therapy of chronic hepatitis C should be explored in larger randomized clinical studies.展开更多
Prof. LU Ai-ping, male, was born in Duchang county, Jiangxi province, on July 3, 1963. He graduated from the Jiangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 1983. He received the master＇s （1987） and the PhD degr...Prof. LU Ai-ping, male, was born in Duchang county, Jiangxi province, on July 3, 1963. He graduated from the Jiangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 1983. He received the master＇s （1987） and the PhD degrees （1997） from the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences （CACMS）, Beijing, where he also became a research fellow, associate professor （1994）, and professor （1997）. He has been working in clinical evaluation and pharmacological evaluation for rheumatoid arthritis with integrative medicine approaches in CACMS for more than 20 years. During that period, he went to the Cell Biology Laboratory, Ohio State University, USA, from July 1990 to October 1991 and the Lurid University of Sweden from July 1995 to October 1996 for further study.展开更多
Vitex agnus-castus is a small tree or shrub, belonging to the family Verbenaceae. It is a deciduous shrub native to European, Mediterranean, and Central Asian countries. V. agnus castus has a long tradition as a herba...Vitex agnus-castus is a small tree or shrub, belonging to the family Verbenaceae. It is a deciduous shrub native to European, Mediterranean, and Central Asian countries. V. agnus castus has a long tradition as a herbal remedy and was used in ancient times not only as an anaphrodisiac but also against diverse disturbances of the female genital system. The major constituents in V. agnus-castus are flavonoids, essential oils, diterpenes, and glycosides. The flavonoids （casticin, quercetagetin, and isovitexin） have been shown in vitro to affect estrogen receptors. V. agnus-castus could be used to treat acne, digestive complaints, menstrual irregularities, premen- strual syndrome （PMS）, mastalgia, and infertility, and also for lactation support. Although V. agnus-castus has been used for centuries and enjoys wide support from practitioners and the general public for many gynecological complaints, few clinical studies support its documented uses. The presence of phytochemical and pharmacological activities has proved that the plant has a leading capacity for the development of new good efficacy drug in future.展开更多
The traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） adlay has been used as a dietary supplement to promote health and treat various ailments for thousands of years.The effective and safe ingredients of TCM could be used as source...The traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） adlay has been used as a dietary supplement to promote health and treat various ailments for thousands of years.The effective and safe ingredients of TCM could be used as sources for developing new drugs.This paper reviews the main research and application of adlay seed in medicinal field in the following aspects：botanical resource,ethnopharmacological function,chemical constituents,pharmacology and pharmacokinetics,safety evaluation and toxicity,and clinical application.We hope that the review could help researchers mine the scientific values of adlay seed,innovative drug design,provide the guidance for the application in clinical therapy,and enhance the academic level and clinical efficacy of adlay seed.展开更多
文摘The development of new drugs for therapeutic purposes has become very expensive and time-consuming in American and European countries.It is estimated that on the average 50 to 100 million dollars and 10 or more years from the time of patenting are required to make a new drug available for general prescription. Every new drug needs to be charac-
文摘Introduction Canadian academic centres and children’s hospitals have had a longstanding interest in the improvement of drug therapy for children through research conducted across the four pillars of activity identified as being of
文摘Gastrodia elata （the tuber of an orchid） requires a fungus, Mycena osmundicola, to sprout the seeds, and Armillaria mellea mushroom mycelia incorporate into the tuber to maintain its maturation and growth. It prefers light （sandy）, medium （loamy） and heavy （clay） soils. Clinical trials for relieving the main symptoms of hypertension were conducted, with a dose of 1.0-10.0 grams daily of the pure compound （five active ingredients）. Normopress Capsules （250 mg/capsule, 0.5-2.0 grams daily） containing methyldopa were prescribed as a comparison. The results showed high effective rates （〉80%） for types of convulsions, including those that occur with tetanus, epilepsy, stroke, and headaches. In support of treating allergies, it alleviated headaches and general fatigue. It was helpful in clearing the heavy, congested feeling in the head described as the brain fag that accompanies allergies. It treated neurasthenia - weakness, nervous exhaustion and difficult concentrating. The necessity of Gastrodia elata cultivation to solve the rapid exhaustion of resourses was pointed out.
基金Supported by the Assistance Publique des H?pitaux de Paris and AbbVie (North Chicago, Illinois, United States)
文摘BACKGROUND Crohn’s disease(CD)is complicated by perianal fistulas in approximately 20%of patients.Achieving permanent fistula closure remains a challenge for physicians.An association between serum anti-tumor necrosis factor-αconcentrations and clinical outcomes in patients with CD has been demonstrated;however,little information is available on serum adalimumab(ADA)concentrations and remission of perianal fistulas in such patients.AIM To study the relationship between serum ADA concentrations and clinical remission of CDassociated perianal fistulas.METHODS This cross-sectional study of patients with CD-associated perianal fistulas treated with ADA was performed at four French hospitals between December 2013 and March 2018.At the time of each serum ADA concentration measurement,we collected information about the patients and their fistulas.The primary study endpoint was clinical remission of fistulas defined as the absence of drainage(in accordance with Present’s criteria),with a PDAI≤4,absence of a seton and assessment of the overall evaluation as favorable by the proctologist at the relevant center.We also assessed fistula healing[defined as being in clinical and radiological(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)remission]and adverse events.RESULTS The study cohort comprised 34 patients who underwent 56 evaluations(patients had between one and four evaluations).Fifteen patients had clinical remissions(44%),four of whom had healed fistulas on MRI.Serum ADA concentrations were significantly higher at evaluations in which clinical remission was identified than at evaluations in which it was not[14(10-16)vs 10(2-15)μg/mL,P=0.01].Serum ADA concentrations were comparable at the times of evaluation of patients with and without healed fistulas[11(7-14)vs 10(4-16)μg/mL,P=0.69].The adverse event rate did not differ between different serum ADA concentrations.CONCLUSION We found a significant association between high serum ADA concentrations and clinical remission of CD-associated perianal fistulas.
文摘Modern drugs have changed epilepsy,which affects people of all ages.However,for young people with epilepsy,the framework of drug development has stalled.In the wake of the thalidomide catastrophe,the misconception emerged that for people<18 years of age drugs,including antiseizure medications(ASMs),need separate proof of efficacy and safety,overall called"pediatric drug development".For ASMs,this has changed to some degree.Authorities now accept that ASMs are effective in<18 years as well,but they still require"extrapolation of efficacy,"as if minors were another species.As a result,some of the pediatric clinical epilepsy research over the past decades was unnecessary.Even more importantly,this has hampered research on meaningful research goals.We do not need to confirm that ASMs work before as they do after the 18th birthday.Instead,we need to learn how to prevent brain damage in young patients by preventing seizures and optimize ASMs’uses.Herein we discuss how to proceed in this endeavor.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the safety of adding ketoprofen to pegylated-interferon(PEG-IFN)with or without ribavirin and the effect on viral kinetics,STAT1 activity and expression of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2'-5'OAS)in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C in a phaseⅡstudy. METHODS:Forty-five patients were studied:fifteen were randomized to PEG-IFN plus ribavirin(PR),16 to PEGIFN plus ketoprofen and 14 to PR and ketoprofen.Themolecular study of IFN-dependent signal transduction was conducted in 9 patients from each group. RESULTS:The combination of ketoprofen and PEG- IFN with or without ribavirin was safe and well tolerated.An early activation of STAT1 was observed in ke-toprofen-treated patients,but this activation was less sustained over time.Conversely,ketoprofen plus PEG- IFN and ribavirin induced an early and sustained increase of 2'-5'OAS transcription starting 24 h after the first dose until the 36th wk.These data are consistent with the clinical results,showing a better sustained virological response and a lower relapse rate in patients receiving ketoprofen plus PEG-IFN and ribavirin. CONCLUSION:The addition of ketoprofen to the standard therapy of chronic hepatitis C should be explored in larger randomized clinical studies.
文摘Prof. LU Ai-ping, male, was born in Duchang county, Jiangxi province, on July 3, 1963. He graduated from the Jiangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 1983. He received the master＇s （1987） and the PhD degrees （1997） from the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences （CACMS）, Beijing, where he also became a research fellow, associate professor （1994）, and professor （1997）. He has been working in clinical evaluation and pharmacological evaluation for rheumatoid arthritis with integrative medicine approaches in CACMS for more than 20 years. During that period, he went to the Cell Biology Laboratory, Ohio State University, USA, from July 1990 to October 1991 and the Lurid University of Sweden from July 1995 to October 1996 for further study.
文摘Vitex agnus-castus is a small tree or shrub, belonging to the family Verbenaceae. It is a deciduous shrub native to European, Mediterranean, and Central Asian countries. V. agnus castus has a long tradition as a herbal remedy and was used in ancient times not only as an anaphrodisiac but also against diverse disturbances of the female genital system. The major constituents in V. agnus-castus are flavonoids, essential oils, diterpenes, and glycosides. The flavonoids （casticin, quercetagetin, and isovitexin） have been shown in vitro to affect estrogen receptors. V. agnus-castus could be used to treat acne, digestive complaints, menstrual irregularities, premen- strual syndrome （PMS）, mastalgia, and infertility, and also for lactation support. Although V. agnus-castus has been used for centuries and enjoys wide support from practitioners and the general public for many gynecological complaints, few clinical studies support its documented uses. The presence of phytochemical and pharmacological activities has proved that the plant has a leading capacity for the development of new good efficacy drug in future.
文摘The traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） adlay has been used as a dietary supplement to promote health and treat various ailments for thousands of years.The effective and safe ingredients of TCM could be used as sources for developing new drugs.This paper reviews the main research and application of adlay seed in medicinal field in the following aspects：botanical resource,ethnopharmacological function,chemical constituents,pharmacology and pharmacokinetics,safety evaluation and toxicity,and clinical application.We hope that the review could help researchers mine the scientific values of adlay seed,innovative drug design,provide the guidance for the application in clinical therapy,and enhance the academic level and clinical efficacy of adlay seed.
