Risk factors of postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome and its relationship with clinical prognosis in adult patients with moyamoya disease

Background To investigate the incidence,risk factors,and clinical prognosis of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome(CHS)after superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis combined with encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis(STA-MCA/EDAS)in adult patients with moyamoya disease(MMD).Methods The clinical data of 160 adult patients with MMD treated by STA-MCA/EDAS from January 2016 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.According to CHS diagnosis,MMD patients were divided into CHS and non-CHS group.Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors and Kaplan-Meier curve of stroke-free survival for CHS were performed.Results A total of 12 patients(7.5%)developed postoperative CHS,of which 4 patients(2.5%)presented with cerebral hemorrhage.Univariate and multivariate analysis showed moyamoya vessel on the surgical hemisphere(OR=3.04,95%CI=1.02-9.03,P=0.046)and left operated hemisphere(OR=5.16,95%CI=1.09-21.34,P=0.041)were independent risk factors for CHS.The other variables,such as age,gender,presentation,hypertension,diabetes,smoking,mean mRS score on admission,modified Suzuki stage and pre-infarction stage on surgical hemisphere,and bypass patency,had no association with postoperative CHS(P>0.05).At final follow-up with average 38 months,there were 18 out of 133 patients(13.5%,4.91%per person year)presented with newly developed complications.There was no significant difference between newly developed complications,mean mRS scores,and Kaplan-Meier curve of stroke-free survival in patients with and without CHS(P>0.05).Conclusion The concentration of moyamoya vessels and left operated hemisphere was independent risk factors for CHS,which could not affect the clinical prognosis if treated timely and properly.The current study offers a new perspective of moyamoya vessels and supporting data for choosing MMD candidates on cerebral revascularization.

Clinical characteristics,GRACE score,TIMI score and prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with acute coronary syndrome

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)with acute coronary syndrome(ACS),the global registry of acute coronary events(GRACE)score,the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI)score and clinical prognosis.Method:The study was a retrospective one-center observational study,continuous inclusion of 600 ACS patients diagnosed by coronary angiography in our hospital from October 2018 to July 2019.Collect general clinical data,laboratory examination results,imaging data and interventional treatment data of all patients.Were divided into:T2DM with ACS group(group DA)and non-T2DM with ACS(group NDA)according to whether or not they were associated with T2DM.According to the GRACE、TIMI score,the two groups were divided into high risk group,middle risk group and low risk group.All patients underwent coronary angiography to calculate the number of vascular lesions and Gensini scores.Design questionnaire,after discharge to 2 groups of patients by telephone or outpatient follow-up average of 10 months,statistics of the occurrence of MACE events.Result:Among the 600 patients included in the study,362 were male(60.3%)and 238 were female(39.7%)with mean age(64.7±10.3)years.The baseline data showed that the G、TG、UA、CR levels were higher in the DA group than in the NDA group;the proportion of men was lower than in the NDA group.The results of coronary angiography showed that the Gensini score of DA group was higher than that of NDA group,and the proportion of single lesion was lower than that of NDA group.The binary Logistic regression analysis suggested that age and CRP were independent risk factors for MACE events in patients with T2DM.GRACE risk stratification showed that the proportion of high risk group in DA group was significantly higher than that in NDA group,and there was no significant difference between low and middle risk group.TIMI risk stratification showed that the proportion of high risk group in DA group was significantly higher than that in NDA group,while the proportion of low and middle risk group was lower than that in NDA group.The ROC curve shows that the area(AUC)below the ROC curve that GRACE、TIMI score predicted the occurrence of MACE events in patients with T2DM and ACS was 0.707 and 0.586.Conclusion:Patients with T2DM and ACS had higher clinical risk stratification than without T2DM.GRACE score compared with the TIMI score had better predictive value for the occurrence of MACE events after discharge of T2DM with ACS patients.

Analysis of the Clinicopathologic Features and Prognosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical and pathological features,as well as prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer patients.METHODS A total of 509 cases of operable breast cancer from January,2002 to June,2002 treated in the Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University were analyzed.The Her-2,ER and PR status was determined using immunohistochemistry.Of the total cases,one group was identifi ed as triple negative breast cancer,ie defi ned as ER,PR and Her-2 negative.The other group was non-triple-negative breast cancer.Clinicopathologic features of the groups were compared and 5-year disease-free survival(DFS) analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS Of the total cases,21.4%(109/509) of cases were found to be triple-negative while 78.6%(400/509) were non-triple-negative.The triple negative group had higher incidence rates than the non-triple-negative group of the medullary type and Grade Ⅲ tumors(P < 0.05).There was no other difference in the clinicopathologic features between the 2 groups.From follow-up to June,2007,21.1%(23/109) of the triple-negative group and 12.7%(51/400) of the non-triple negative group had a local recurrence or distant metastasis,resulting in a signifi cant difference(P < 0.05).In the triple-negative group and non-triple-negative group,5-year DFS were 78.9% and 87.3% respectively.There was a statistically signifi cant difference between the 2 groups(P = 0.031).CONCLUSION Compared with non-triple-negative breast cancer,triple-negative breast cancer patients have an increased likehood of a local recurrence or distant metastasis and a poorer prognosis.

Adenosine triphosphate induced cell death: Mechanisms and implications in cancer biology and therapy

Adenosine triphosphate(ATP)induced cell death(AICD)is a critical cellular process that has garnered substantial scientific interest for its profound relevance to cancer biology and to therapeutic interventions.This comprehensive review unveils the intricate web of AICD mechanisms and their intricate connections with cancer biology.This review offers a comprehensive framework for comprehending the multifaceted role of AICD in the context of cancer.This is achieved by elucidating the dynamic interplay between systemic and cellular ATP homeostasis,deciphering the intricate mechanisms governing AICD,elucidating its intricate involvement in cancer signaling pathways,and scrutinizing validated key genes.Moreover,the exploration of AICD as a potential avenue for cancer treatment underscores its essential role in shaping the future landscape of cancer therapeutics.

DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT FOR RETROSTERNAL THYROID MASS

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Analysis of clinical features and prognosis of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody positive patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies

Objective To investigate the characteristics and outcome of glomerulonephritis in patients with both antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody.Methods The sera of 23 antiGBM glomerulonephritis patients were collected and were tested for ANCA respectively.Characteristics and outcome of patients with coexisting anti-GBM antibody

Establishment and validation of a model for brain injury state evaluation and prognosis prediction

Purpose:Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is one of the leading causes of disability and death in modern times,whose evaluation and prognosis prediction have been one of the most critical issues in TBI management.However,the existed models for the abovementioned purposes were defective to varying degrees.This study aims to establish an ideal brain injury state clinical prediction model(BISCPM).Methods:This study was a retrospective design.The six-month outcomes of patients were selected as the end point event.BISCPM was established by using the split-sample technology,and externally validated via different tests of comparison between the observed and predicted six-month mortality in validating group.TBI patients admitted from July 2006 to June 2012 were recruited and randomly divided into establishing model group and validating model group.Twenty-one scoring indicators were included in BISCPM and divided into three parts,A,B,and C.Part A included movement,pupillary reflex and diameter,CT parameters,and secondary brain insult factors,etc.Part B was age and part C was medical history of the patients.The total score of part A,B and C was final score of BISCPM.Results:Altogether 1156 TBI patients were included with 578 cases in each group.The score of BISCPM from validating group ranged from 2.75 to 31.94,averaging 13.64±5.59.There was not statistical difference between observed and predicted mortality for validating group.The discrimination validation showed that the BISCPM is superior to international mission for prognosis and analysis of clinical trials(IMPACT)lab model.Conclusion:BISCPM is an effective model for state evaluation and prognosis prediction of TBI patients.The use of BISCPM could be of great significance for decision-making in management of TBI.

Diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of thymoma:an analysis of 116 cases

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of thymoma and to assess its prognostic factors.Methods The clinical data of 116 patients with thymoma were collected. A retrospective analysis was performed,by comparing the survival rate calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method with the rate of recurrence or metastasis.Results The standard posteroanterior and lateral chest radiographs were reliable means of detection of most thymomas. Myasthenia gravis was the most commonly paraneoplastic disease (25.0%,29/116). The extensive radical resection was beneficial for reducing the rate of recurrence of stage Ⅰ or stage Ⅱ thymomas (χ 2=4.941,P =0.0219). The survival time could be prolonged by postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. There was a strong correlation between the clinical stage and the histological classification (according to MH classification),through which the invasive behavior of thymoma could be predicted (χ 2=19.76,P =0.007,RR=1.47). The 3- 5- and 10-year survival rates were 81.2%,67.9%,and 40.5%,respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant negative correlation between the stage and the survival rate (χ 2=29.73,P =0.0000,RR=0.15). Conclusion The prognosis of thymoma depends mainly on the histological classification,clinical stage and multimodality treatment rather than on the paraneoplastic diseases.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Adjunctive Bunchang Naoxintong Capsule (步长脑心通胶囊) Versus Maintenance Dose Clopidogrel in Patients with CYP2C19*2 Polymorphism

Objective：To determine the impact of adjunctive Buchang Naoxintong Capsule（步心脑心通胶囊,NXT） on dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with cytochrome P450 2C19＊2（CYP2C19＊2） polymorphism undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention（PCI）.Methods：Ninety patients with CYP2C19＊2 polymorphism were enrolled,and their genotypes were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction（PCR）.The patients were randomly assigned to receive either adjunctive NXT（triple group,45 cases） or dual antiplatelet therapy（dual group,45 cases） using a computer-generated randomization sequence and sealed envelopes.Platelet function was assessed at baseline and 7 days after treatment with conventional aggregometry.Subsequent major adverse cardiovascular events（MACE,including sudden cardiac arrest and acute coronary syndrome） were recorded during a 12-month followup.Results：Baseline platelet function measurements were similar in both groups.After 7 days,percent inhibitions of maximum platelet aggregation and late platelet aggregation were significantly greater in the triple versus dual group（42.3%±16.0%vs.20.8%±15.2%,P〈0.01,and 54.7%±18.3%vs.21.5%±29.2%,P〈0.01,respectively）.During the 12-month follow-up,the rate of subsequent MACE（6/45） was significantly lower in the triple group compared with the dual group（14/45;P〈0.05）.Conclusion：Adjunctive NXT to maintenance dose clopidogrel（75 g） could enhance the antiplatelet effect and decrease subsequent MACE in patients with the CYP2C19＇2polymorphism undergoing PCI.