Induced neural stem cells regulate microglial activation through Akt-mediated upregulation of CXCR4 and Crry in a mouse model of closed head injury

Microglial activation that occurs rapidly after closed head injury may play important and complex roles in neuroinflammation-associated neuronal damage and repair.We previously reported that induced neural stem cells can modulate the behavior of activated microglia via CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling,influencing their activation such that they can promote neurological recovery.However,the mechanism of CXCR4 upregulation in induced neural stem cells remains unclear.In this study,we found that nuclear factor-κB activation induced by closed head injury mouse serum in microglia promoted CXCL12 and tumor necrosis factor-αexpression but suppressed insulin-like growth factor-1 expression.However,recombinant complement receptor 2-conjugated Crry(CR2-Crry)reduced the effects of closed head injury mouse serum-induced nuclear factor-κB activation in microglia and the levels of activated microglia,CXCL12,and tumor necrosis factor-α.Additionally,we observed that,in response to stimulation(including stimulation by CXCL12 secreted by activated microglia),CXCR4 and Crry levels can be upregulated in induced neural stem cells via the interplay among CXCL12/CXCR4,Crry,and Akt signaling to modulate microglial activation.In agreement with these in vitro experimental results,we found that Akt activation enhanced the immunoregulatory effects of induced neural stem cell grafts on microglial activation,leading to the promotion of neurological recovery via insulin-like growth factor-1 secretion and the neuroprotective effects of induced neural stem cell grafts through CXCR4 and Crry upregulation in the injured cortices of closed head injury mice.Notably,these beneficial effects of Akt activation in induced neural stem cells were positively correlated with the therapeutic effects of induced neural stem cells on neuronal injury,cerebral edema,and neurological disorders post–closed head injury.In conclusion,our findings reveal that Akt activation may enhance the immunoregulatory effects of induced neural stem cells on microglial activation via upregulation of CXCR4 and Crry,thereby promoting induced neural stem cell–mediated improvement of neuronal injury,cerebral edema,and neurological disorders following closed head injury.

Long non-coding RNA H19 regulates neurogenesis of induced neural stem cells in a mouse model of closed head injury

Stem cell-based therapies have been proposed as a potential treatment for neural regeneration following closed head injury.We previously reported that induced neural stem cells exert beneficial effects on neural regeneration via cell replacement.However,the neural regeneration efficiency of induced neural stem cells remains limited.In this study,we explored differentially expressed genes and long non-coding RNAs to clarify the mechanism underlying the neurogenesis of induced neural stem cells.We found that H19 was the most downregulated neurogenesis-associated lnc RNA in induced neural stem cells compared with induced pluripotent stem cells.Additionally,we demonstrated that H19 levels in induced neural stem cells were markedly lower than those in induced pluripotent stem cells and were substantially higher than those in induced neural stem cell-derived neurons.We predicted the target genes of H19 and discovered that H19 directly interacts with mi R-325-3p,which directly interacts with Ctbp2 in induced pluripotent stem cells and induced neural stem cells.Silencing H19 or Ctbp2 impaired induced neural stem cell proliferation,and mi R-325-3p suppression restored the effect of H19 inhibition but not the effect of Ctbp2 inhibition.Furthermore,H19 silencing substantially promoted the neural differentiation of induced neural stem cells and did not induce apoptosis of induced neural stem cells.Notably,silencing H19 in induced neural stem cell grafts markedly accelerated the neurological recovery of closed head injury mice.Our results reveal that H19 regulates the neurogenesis of induced neural stem cells.H19 inhibition may promote the neural differentiation of induced neural stem cells,which is closely associated with neurological recovery following closed head injury.

Design and analysis of an advanced thermal management system for the solar close observations and proximity experiments spacecraft

In this paper,the mission and the thermal environment of the Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments(SCOPE)spacecraft are analyzed,and an advanced thermal management system(ATMS)is designed for it.The relationship and functions of the integrated database,the intelligent thermal control system and the efficient liquid cooling system in the ATMS are elaborated upon.For the complex thermal field regulation system and extreme space thermal environment,a modular simulation and thermal field planning method are proposed,and the feasibility of the planning algorithm is verified by numerical simulation.A solar array liquid cooling system is developed,and the system simulation results indicate that the temperatures of the solar arrays meet the requirements as the spacecraft flies by perihelion and aphelion.The advanced thermal management study supports the development of the SCOPE program and provides a reference for the thermal management in other deep-space exploration programs.

Factors Associated with Closely Spaced Pregnancies at the Departmental Hospital Centre of Zou-Collines (Benin) in 2022

Introduction: Birth spacing to prevent closely-spaced pregnancies, which are a source of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, is not always respected by our women, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The objective was to study the factors associated with closely-spaced pregnancies among women followed at the Departmental Hospital Center du Zou et du Colline (DHC/Z-C) in 2022. Study Method: This was a descriptive, analytical cross-sectional study with prospective data collection from 20 May to 30 June 2022. Results: At the end of the study, 83 of the 117 women surveyed had close pregnancies, a frequency of 70.94%. They had an average age of 27.0 ± 6.3 years and were of Fon ethnicity and related in 91.57% of cases. The majority were married (96.60%). The factors significantly associated with these closely spaced pregnancies were age between 25 and 30 years, household occupation, age at first birth, age at marriage, women’s perception of contraceptive method (CM), women’s knowledge of the existence of a center providing family planning services and non-use of MC. Conclusion: Close pregnancies are still very common in the commune of Abomey. It is therefore important to increase the use of contraceptive methods in this part of the country.

On Fuzzy Regularly Closed Filters in Michálek Fuzzy Topological Space

C.L. Chang’s introduction of fuzzy topology in 1981 opened up new avenues for parallel theories in topology. However, Chang’s work appears to focus more on the topology of fuzzy sets rather than fuzzy topology itself. In 1975, Michálek presented a functional definition of ordinary topology and later developed fuzzy topology as a distinct extension of this idea, setting it apart from Chang’s approach. While there has been significant research on Chang’s fuzzy topology, Michálek’s version has not received as much attention. This paper introduces the concept of fuzzy regularly closed filters, or FRCM filters, within Michálek’s fuzzy topological space and explores some properties of FRCM ultrafilters.

Formation of a Rapidly Rotating Classical Be-star in a Massive Close Binary System

This paper investigates the spin-up of a mass-accreting star in a close binary system passing through the first stage of mass exchange in the Hertzsprung gap. Inside an accreting star, angular momentum is carried by meridional circulation and shear turbulence. The circulation carries part of the angular momentum of the accreted layers to the accretor's surface. The greater the rate of arrival of angular momentum in the accretor is, the greater this part. It is assumed that this part of the angular momentum can be removed by the disk further from the accretor. If the angular momentum in the matter entering the accretor is more than half the Keplerian value, then the angular momentum obtained by the accretor during mass exchange stage does not depend on the rate of arrival of angular momentum. The accretor may have the characteristics of a Be-star immediately after the end of mass exchange.

Sensing-Communication-Computing-Control Closed Loop for NOMA-UAV Systems

In the areas without terrestrial communication infrastructures,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)can be utilized to serve field robots for mission-critical tasks.For this purpose,UAVs can be equipped with sensing,communication,and computing modules to support various requirements of robots.In the task process,different modules assist the robots to perform tasks in a closed-loop way,which is referred to as a sensing-communication-computing-control(SC3)loop.In this work,we investigate a UAV-aided system containing multiple SC^(3)loops,which leverages non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)for efficient resource sharing.We describe and compare three different modelling levels for the SC^(3)loop.Based on the entropy SC^(3)loop model,a sum linear quadratic regulator(LQR)control cost minimization problem is formulated by optimizing the communication power.Further for the assure-to-be-stable case,we show that the original problem can be approximated by a modified user fairness problem,and accordingly gain more insights into the optimal solutions.Simulation results demonstrate the performance gain of using NOMA in such task-oriented systems,as well as the superiority of our proposed closed-loop-oriented design.

Design and Test of Closed Hydraulic Transmission System of 4WD High-clearance Wheeled Sprayer

In conjunction with the working characteristics of the high-clearance wheeled sprayer and the benefits of the closed hydraulic system,a series of reasonable working parameters should be established,and a hydraulic system that fulfills the requisite specifications should be designed.The AMESim software model is employed to construct a closed hydraulic transmission system,and the simulation analysis is then performed according to the data of hydraulic components.According to analysis results,the prototype can be optimized and upgraded,and a verification test is further carried out.The test results demonstrate that the designed closed hydraulic transmission system meets the actual working requirements of the high-clearance wheeled sprayer and provides a stable experimental platform for intelligent control of agricultural machinery.

Simulation Modelling and Techno-Economics of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Recompression Closed Brayton Cycle

In recent years, there has been global interest in meeting targets relating to energy affordability and security while taking into account greenhouse gas emissions. This has heightened major interest in potential investigations into the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycles. Climate change mitigation is the ultimate driver for this increased interest;other relevant issues include the potential for high cycle efficiency and a circular economy. In this study, a 25 MWe recompression closed Brayton cycle (RCBC) has been assessed, and sCO2 has been proposed as the working fluid for the power plant. The methodology used in this research work comprises thermodynamic and techno-economic analysis for the prospective commercialization of this sCO2 power cycle. An evaluated estimation of capital expenditure, operational expenditure, and cost of electricity has been considered in this study. The ASPEN Plus simulation results have been compared with theoretical and mathematical calculations to assess the performance of the compressors, turbine, and heat exchangers. The results thus reveal that the cycle efficiency for this prospective sCO2 recompression closed Brayton cycle increases (39% - 53.6%) as the temperature progressively increases from 550˚C to 900˚C. Data from the Aspen simulation model was used to aid the cost function calculations to estimate the total capital investment cost of the plant. Also, the techno-economic results have shown less cost for purchasing equipment due to fewer components being required for the cycle configuration as compared to the conventional steam power plant.

Study on the Effect of Behavioral Interventions Based on the Theory of“Knowledge,Attitude,Practice”on Tuberculosis Cognitive Level of Close Contacts

Objective:Based on the theory of“Knowledge,Attitude,Practice,”health education was carried out for close contact with tuberculosis(TB)at a university in Beijing,and its impact on the students’awareness of TB was studied.This study could provide a reference for effective health education interventions among close contacts of TB in undergraduates.Methods:102 undergraduates who had close contact with one confirmed case of pulmonary TB in April 2021 at a university were randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group.The intervention group was given the“Knowledge,Attitude,Practice”health education intervention by professionally trained doctors,and were asked to complete a self-designed TB-related questionnaire before and after the intervention.Both groups performed the Tuberculin Skin Test(TST)and chest X-ray(CR)examination.Results:The rate of the TST test was 18.6%,and CR examination showed 0 cases of pulmonary TB.The survey results showed that the TB awareness rate(96.1%,49/51)in the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group(51.0%,26/51),and the differences in awareness rate between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Regarding the attitude/skills toward TB,the prevalence rate of tuberculosis-related attitude/behavior in the intervention group(94.1%,47/51)was significantly higher than that of the control group(60.8%,31/51),and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Both self-controlled and parallel-controlled studies showed that the health education intervention of“Knowledge,Attitude,Practice”improved the awareness of TB among close contacts of TB in undergraduates.

OPEN表和CLOSED表的合一

在人工智能传统的搜索方法中,一直是将OPEN表和CLOSED表分开的。这不仅增加了搜索算法的复杂性,久而久之,也许禁锢了人们的思想。文章试图改变这种状况,提出了一种与众不同的新思路,巧妙地将OPEN表和CLOSED表合二为一,减少了一些工作量,在一定程度上降低了算法的复杂性。

一种基于Close模式发现用户频繁访问路径的方法

Web日志挖掘的一个主要任务是获得用户的浏览模式,这对Web站点的改进和为用户提供个性化服务提供了非常有价值的潜在信息。该文在分析用户访问模式的特点后,提出了Close模式的概念,基于此概念提出了一种挖掘用户频繁访问模式的Close算法。该算法利用频繁访问模式的封闭特性,挖掘出既是频繁的又是封闭的访问模式,在一定程度上减少了下一阶段“寻找最大频繁访问模式”的工作量。用实际数据对算法的性能进行了验证和分析。

Synthetical condition assessment of long span suspension bridge based on closeness degree and FAHP

Based on the theory of pattern recognition, the concept of closeness degree between fuzzy sets is brought into the condition assessment of long span bridges. Using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process （FAHP）, a mathematical model of a multi-objective assessment of a long span suspension bridge is set up. An example is given to show the procedure in the synthetical condition assessment of the Runyang Suspension Bridge, which includes the hierarchical division, the definition of factor weights and fuzzy membership functions, and the calculation of closeness degrees, etc. The assessment combines both the data from the health monitoring system and the manual tests. The classification of evaluation items as well as the calculation of deterministic and nondeterministic items is presented. Compared with the traditional method of point rating, this method can better describe the discreteness of monitoring data and the fuzziness in the condition assessment.

Singular Points, Closed Orbits, Stable Manifolds and Unstable Manifolds of Second Order Autonomous Birkhoff Systems

Aim To study singular points, closed orbits, stable manifolds and unstable manifolds of a second order autonomous Birkhoff system. Methods Qualitative methods of ordinary differential equation were used. Results and Conclusion The criteria for singular points, closed orbits and hyperbolic equilibrium points of a second order autonomous Birkhoff system are given. Moreover the stability of equilibria, stable manifolds and unstable manifolds are obtained.

New algorithm of mining frequent closed itemsets

A new algorithm based on an FC-tree （frequent closed pattern tree） and a max-FCIA （maximal frequent closed itemsets algorithm） is presented, which is used to mine the frequent closed itemsets for solving memory and time consuming problems. This algorithm maps the transaction database by using a Hash table,gets the support of all frequent itemsets through operating the Hash table and forms a lexicographic subset tree including the frequent itemsets.Efficient pruning methods are used to get the FC-tree including all the minimum frequent closed itemsets through processing the lexicographic subset tree.Finally,frequent closed itemsets are generated from minimum frequent closed itemsets.The experimental results show that the mapping transaction database is introduced in the algorithm to reduce time consumption and to improve the efficiency of the program.Furthermore,the effective pruning strategy restrains the number of candidates,which saves space.The results show that the algorithm is effective.

Evaluation of Two Cooling Methods for Closed Greenhouses

Special cooling methods are needed for normal growth of crops in closed greenhouses which permit no ventilation, especially during warm seasons. Experi- ments were designed to evaluate two cooling methods （Watergy chimney method and pool method） in a closed greenhouse in Beijing during warm seasons. Prelimi- nary results showed that average temperature at daytime （from 8：00 to 18：00） at 100 cm above ground surface in the closed greenhouse could be reduced by 8 with the Watergy chimney method. Average relative humidity fluctuated between 45% and 75% during daytime at 100 cm above ground surface within the closed greenhouse. With the pool method, average temperature was about 10 ℃ lower than that of the control greenhouse without pool at 50 cm above the ground surface. The peak temperature at 50 cm height was about 32℃ between 11：30 and 15：00 and, close to outside temperature. Temperature in this system satisfied normal growth of most crops, but relative humidity at 50 cm height were above 90% at daytime.

基于敏感属性值语义桶分组的t-closeness隐私模型

t-closeness模型是数据发布领域中用于抵御相似性攻击和偏斜攻击的一种有效方法,但其采用的EMD(earth mover's distance)距离没有考虑等价类与数据表间敏感属性分布的稳定性,不能全面地衡量分布间距离,在分布间稳定差异过大时会大大提高隐私泄露的风险.针对这种局限,提出了一种SABuk t-closeness模型,它在传统t-closeness模型的基础上,为更加准确地度量分布间距离,以EMD距离与KL散度(kullback-leibler divergence)结合构建距离度量标准.同时,根据敏感属性的层次树结构,对数据表进行语义相似性桶分组划分,然后采用贪心思想生成满足要求的最小等价类,并且运用k-近邻的思想来选取QI(quasi-identifiers)值相似的元组生成等价类.实验结果表明,SABuk t-closeness模型在牺牲少量时间的前提下减少了信息损失,能在有效地保护敏感信息不泄露的同时保持较高的数据效用.

An Uncertainty Assessment Approach for Measuring Flatness Error in Close Way

It is necessary for precise measurement to estimate the uncertainty of measurement result. When measuring flatness error in close way by pitch, usually the uncertainty of measurement result is independently estimated according to pitch points. By analyzing a concrete example, this paper proposed that the uncertainty should be evaluated by the correlation calculating method. This approach greatly improved the deficiencies of the assessment method according to independent measurement and enhanced measurement precision. It provides a reference value for uncertainty assessment in leveling a flat.

Dynamics Analysis of Close-coupling Multiple Helicopters System

The particularity and practicality of harmony operations of close-coupling multiple helicopters indicate that the researches on it are urgent and necessary, Using the model that describes two hovering helicopters carrying one heavy load, an inertia coordinate system and body coordinate systems of each sub-system are established. A nonlinear force model is established too. The equilibrium computation results can be regarded as the reference control inputs of the flight control system under hovering or low-speed flight condition. After the establishment of a translation kinematics model and a posture kinematics model, a coupling dynamics model of the multiple helicopter system is set up. The results can also be regarded as the base to analyze stabilization and design a controller for a close-coupling multiple helicopters harmony operation system.

一种基于K-means与Close-Form融合的树木图像提取方法

基于图像的树木自动提取是其种类、长势、形态等信息智能化判别的基础,如何实现树木的自动、准确、快速提取是具有实用性的科学问题。在自然场景中,由于图像元素多样、颜色差异大,树木自身存在不规则性,树木提取难度非常大。针对现有的图像分割与图像抠图法在树木提取过程中分别存在的误分割与过程复杂所导致的计算量大的问题,提出了一种基于K-means聚类算法优化Close-Form图像抠图的树木提取方法。在少量的标记下,依据颜色线性假设进行最小化代价函数计算,得到图像透明度;对透明度图像依次进行中值滤波、高斯滤波,得到透明度的去噪图像;对滤波后透明度与标准化的图像绿色分量组成二维空间进行K-means二聚类,实现背景与前景对象的准确判定,进而完成自然背景的树木图像提取。为了验证所提方法在不同场景和不同标记下的树木提取有效性,设计了基于K-means图像分割和传统Close-Form抠图方法的比较性试验。结果表明,基于K-means优化Close-Form的树木提取方法解决了传统Close-Form算法在少量标记下图像前景、背景估计不准确问题,克服了图像分割存在的误分类情况,实现了不同自然环境和多目标树木对象的提取。此方法具有对象提取稳定、计算时间快的优点,相对原Close-Form算法用时减少49.98%。