The Dynamic System Theory of Legal Protection for Personal Information Rights Infringement

The advent of the big data era has presented unprecedented challenges to remedies for personal information infringement in areas such as damage assessment,proof of causation,determination of illegality,fault assessment,and liability.Traditional tort law is unable to provide a robust response for these challenges,which severely hinders human rights protection in the digital society.The dynamic system theory represents a third path between fixed constitutive elements and general clauses.It both overcomes the rigidity of the“allor-nothing”legal effect evaluation mechanism of the“element-effect”model and avoids the uncertainty of the general clause model.It can effectively enhance the flexibility of the legal system in responding to social changes.In light of this,it is necessary to construct a dynamic foundational evaluation framework for personal information infringement under the guidance of the dynamic system theory.By relying on the dynamic interplay effect of various foundational evaluation elements,this framework can achieve a flexible evaluation of the constitutive elements of liability and the legal effects of liability for personal information infringement.Through this approach,the crisis of personal information infringement in the era of big data can be mitigated,and the realization of personal information rights as digital human rights can be promoted.

Bending of small-scale Timoshenko beams based on the integral/differential nonlocal-micropolar elasticity theory: a finite element approach

A novel size-dependent model is developed herein to study the bending behavior of beam-type micro/nano-structures considering combined effects of nonlocality and micro-rotational degrees of freedom. To accomplish this aim, the micropolar theory is combined with the nonlocal elasticity. To consider the nonlocality, both integral (original) and differential formulations of Eringen’s nonlocal theory are considered. The beams are considered to be Timoshenko-type, and the governing equations are derived in the variational form through Hamilton’s principle. The relations are written in an appropriate matrix-vector representation that can be readily utilized in numerical approaches. A finite element (FE) approach is also proposed for the solution procedure. Parametric studies are conducted to show the simultaneous nonlocal and micropolar effects on the bending response of small-scale beams under different boundary conditions.

A new higher-order shear deformation theory and refined beam element of composite laminates

A new higher-order shear deformation theory based on global-local superposition technique is developed. The theory satisfies the free surface conditions and the geometric and stress continuity conditions at interfaces. The global displacement components are of the Reddy theory and local components are of the internal first to third-order terms in each layer. A two-node beam element based on this theory is proposed. The solutions are compared with 3D-elasticity solutions. Numerical results show that present beam element has higher computational efficiency and higher accuracy.

Conversion between solid and beam element solutions of finite element method based on meta-modeling theory:development and application to a ramp tunnel structure

In this study, a new method for conversion of solid finite element solution to beam finite element solution is developed based on the meta-modeling theory which constructs a model consistent with continuum mechanics. The proposed method is rigorous and efficient compared to a typical conversion method which merely computes surface integration of solid element nodal stresses to obtain cross-sectional forces. The meta-modeling theory ensures the rigorousness of proposed method by defining a proper distance between beam element and solid element solutions in a function space of continuum mechanics. Results of numerical verification test that is conducted with a simple cantilever beam are used to find the proper distance function for this conversion. Time history analysis of the main tunnel structure of a real ramp tunnel is considered as a numerical example for the proposed conversion method. It is shown that cross-sectional forces are readily computed for solid element solution of the main tunnel structure when it is converted to a beam element solution using the proposed method. Further, envelopes of resultant forces which are of primary importance for the purpose of design, are developed for a given ground motion at the end.

Kinematics and Dynamics of Deployable Structures with Scissor-Like-Elements Based on Screw Theory

Because the deployable structures are complex multi-loop structures and methods of derivation which lead to simpler kinematic and dynamic equations of motion are the subject of research effort, the kinematics and dynamics of deployable structures with scissor-like-elements are presented based on screw theory and the principle of virtual work respectively. According to the geometric characteristic of the deployable structure examined, the basic structural unit is the common scissor-like-element（SLE）. First, a spatial deployable structure, comprised of three SLEs, is defined, and the constraint topology graph is obtained. The equations of motion are then derived based on screw theory and the geometric nature of scissor elements. Second, to develop the dynamics of the whole deployable structure, the local coordinates of the SLEs and the Jacobian matrices of the center of mass of the deployable structure are derived. Then, the equivalent forces are assembled and added in the equations of motion based on the principle of virtual work. Finally, dynamic behavior and unfolded process of the deployable structure are simulated. Its figures of velocity, acceleration and input torque are obtained based on the simulate results. Screw theory not only provides an efficient solution formulation and theory guidance for complex multi-closed loop deployable structures, but also extends the method to solve dynamics of deployable structures. As an efficient mathematical tool, the simper equations of motion are derived based on screw theory.

Calculation of the Coupling Coefficient of Twin-Core Fiber Based on the Supermode Theory with Finite Element Method

Currently, coupled mode theory (CMT) is widely used for calculating the coupling coefficient of twin-core fibers (TCFs) that are used in a broad range of important applications. This approach is highly accurate for scenarios with weak coupling between the cores but shows significant errors in the strong coupling scenarios, necessitating the use of a more accurate method for coupling coefficient calculations. Therefore, in this work, we calculate the coupling coefficients of TCFs using the supermode theory with finite element method (FEM) that has higher accuracy than CMT, particularly for the strong coupling TCF. To investigate the origin of the differences between the results obtained by these two methods, the modal field distributions of the supermodes of TCF are simulated and analyzed in detail.

Perturbation Theory Combined with Boundary Element Method for Analysis of Gear Contact Problems

This paper combines the perturbation theory with the boundary element methodfor contact problems of three-dimensional elasticity mechanism to analyse the effect oferrors on the shape of the contact area and pressure distribution in gear drive through theperturbation of a cubic order geometry,there by greatly bringing down both computationwork volume and cost and providing a powerful tool for engineering study on the effectof errors on structural strength.

Finite element implementation of poroelasticity theory for swelling dynamics of hydrogels

Abstract Hydrogel can swell to many times of its dry volume, resulting in large deformation which is vital for its function. The swelling process is regulated by many physical and chemical mechanisms, and can, to some extent, be fairly described by the poroelasticity theory. Implementation of the poroelastieity theory in the framework of finite element method would aid the design and optimization of hydrogel-based soft devices. Choosing chemical potential and displacement as two field variables, we present the implementation of poroelastieity tailored for hydrogel swelling dynamics, detail the normalization of physical parameters and the treatment of boundary conditions. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and correctness of the proposed strategy.

18-DOF Triangular Quasi-Conforming Element for Couple Stress Theory

The basic idea of quasi-conforming method is that the strain-dis-placement equations are weakened as well as the equilibrium equations.In this paper,an 18-DOF triangular element for couple stress theory is proposed within the framework of quasi-conforming technique.The formulation starts from truncated Taylor expansion of strains and appropriate interpolation functions are chosen to calculate strain integration.This element satisfies C0 continuity with second order accuracy and weak C1 continuity simultaneously.Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed model can pass the C0??1 patch test and has high accuracy.The element does not exhibit extra zero energy modes and can capture the scale effects of microstructure.

Simulation of bulk metal forming processes using one-step finite element approach based on deformation theory of plasticity

The bulk metal forming processes were simulated by using a one-step finite element(FE)approach based on deformation theory of plasticity,which enables rapid prediction of final workpiece configurations and stress/strain distributions.This approach was implemented to minimize the approximated plastic potential energy derived from the total plastic work and the equivalent external work in static equilibrium,for incompressibly rigid-plastic materials,by FE calculation based on the extremum work principle.The one-step forward simulations of compression and rolling processes were presented as examples,and the results were compared with those obtained by classical incremental FE simulation to verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.

A New Rectangular Finite Element Formulation Based on Higher Order Displacement Theory for Thick and Thin Composite and Sandwich Plates

A new displacement based higher order element has been formulated that is ideally suitable for shear deformable composite and sandwich plates. Suitable functions for displacements and rotations for each node have been selected so that the element shows rapid convergence, an excellent response against transverse shear loading and requires no shear correction factors. It is completely lock-free and behaves extremely well for thin to thick plates. To make the element rapidly convergent and to capture warping effects for composites, higher order displacement terms in the displacement kinematics have been considered for each node. The element has eleven degrees of freedom per node. Shear deformation has also been considered in the formulation by taking into account shear strains ( rxz and ryz) as nodal unknowns. The element is very simple to formulate and could be coded up in research software. A small Fortran code has been developed to implement the element and various examples of isotropic and composite plates have been analyzed to show the effectiveness of the element.

THE RATIONALISM THEORY AND ITS FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS METHOD OF SHELL STRUCTURES

In this paper, a kind of rationalism theory of shell is established which is of different mechanic characters in tension and in compression, and the finite element numerical analysis method is also described.

INFLUENCE OF THE FIVE ELEMENT THEORY ON ACUPUNCTUROLOGY

In the present paper, the authors make a simple comment on the influence of the theory of five elements of TCM on the acupuncturology from ① its influence on the meridian-collateral theory and acupoint system; ② its influence on acu-moxibustion therapeutics including the application of mother and son points for reinforcing and reducing, the application of the five element theory to the midnight-noon ebb-flow needling, and guiding point selection in different seasons; and ③ its influence on acupuncture techniques.

Possible Evolutionary Models in the Initially Hydride Earth Theory

A modern view of the properties of chemical elements has confirmed the theory of the hot origin of the Earth. The next step in developing this theory was the hypothesis of the initial hydride Earth. In this work, we attempted to find additional evidence for this hypothesis and show additional effects that flow from it. The effect of the physical properties of atoms and ions on their behavior during the formation of the Earth was studied. The maximum contribution to the distribution of elements was made by those elements whose content in the original protoplanets of the disk was the maximum. Correlation dependence is obtained, which allows one to calculate the distribution of elements in the protoplanetary disk. It was shown that hydrogen was the main element in the proto substance located in the zone of the Earth’s formation. In this case, various chemical compounds formed, most represented by hydrogen compounds—hydrides. Since the pressure inside the Earth is 375 GPa, this factor forces the chemical compounds to adopt stoichiometry and structure that would not be available in atmospheric conditions. It is shown that many chemical elements at high pressure in a hydrogen medium form simple hydrides and super hydrides—polyhydrides with high hydrogen content. Pressure leads to a higher density of matter inside the planet. Given the possibility of forming polyhydrides, there is the possibility of binding the initially available hydrogen in an amount that can reach 49.3 mole%. Young Earth could contain about 10.7 mass% of hydrogen in hydrides, polyhydrides, and adsorbed form is almost twice higher than previous estimates. This fact additionally confirms the theory of the original hydride Earth. In hydrides, the occurrence of the phenomenon of superconductivity was discovered. Polyhydrides were shown as potential superconductors with a high critical temperature above 200 K. We, based on these data, hypothesized the presence of superconducting properties in the Earth’s core, which explains the presence of a magnetic field in the Earth, as well as the unevenness and instability of this field and the possibility of migration of the Earth’s poles. The fact that the Earth has a hydroid core causes its change in time due to the instability of hydrides. Arranged several possible models of the destruction of the Earth’s core. The calculations showed that both models give close results. These results give predictions that can be measured. The proposed models also made it possible to estimate the initial size of the Earth. Possible ways of further testing the hypothesis of the initial hydride Earth is shown.

Theory of the Origin of Terrestrial and Lunar Ores

In this study, the theory of ore formation on the Earth and the Moon was developed. It is shown that ore deposits on the Earth and the Moon were mainly formed simultaneously with the separation of the Moon from the protoplanet and the formation of the oldest continents. The formation of terrestrial ores occurred as a result of the release of intermediate and heavy chemical elements from the deep layers of the protoplanet and the subsequent process of adhesion to old terrestrial geological faults. The time of terrestrial and lunar ores formations corresponds to the boundary between the Tonian and Cryogenian Periods (~720 Ma). Lunar ore formation processes are different on the near and far sides. The farside of the Moon is a single piece of the protoplanetary lithosphere, so ores there could be formed mainly due to the overflow of igneous rocks over the edge of the lunar continent. On the nearside, due to the rapid cooling, ores were formed in the area of navel-string during the drip-liquid separation of the Moon from the Earth. Due to the fact that the Moon separated at the first stage, the amount of water and methane on it is limited. In periods after the Cryogenian, volcanic, lava and sedimentary rocks on Earth could be enriched with intermediate elements due to the disruption of vertical stratification during galactic storms. To analyze this, a comparison of terrestrial volcanic and lunar pseudo-volcanic activity was carried out in the work.

对复杂水资源系统管理的认知与思考

通过提升管理能力进一步缓解水资源供需矛盾,应对水、经济、社会、生态等关联系统之间的不确定性已经成为新时期水资源可持续发展的必然要求。面对我国水资源系统存在的新老问题,亟须开展新时期反映复杂水资源系统特征的管理研究。基于此,梳理我国水资源管理模式的发展历程,指出我国已经进入面向关联要素的水资源系统综合管理阶段,多属性、全过程和多要素是目前复杂水资源系统管理的基本特征。从管理目标、管理对象和管理路径3个方面对复杂水资源系统管理的基本框架进行详细阐述。最后,对复杂水资源系统管理的关键支撑技术进行探讨,提出水资源监测技术、水循环模拟技术、水资源配置与调度技术、水生态环境过程模拟技术是我国水资源科学管理的关键支撑。

超协调元

该文提出一类超协调的单元理论。不同于在普通协调元中采用的线位移协调插值格式,超协调元的单元插值函数首先引入转角自由度等线位移导数的高阶协调假设,并通过积分推导,进而获得超协调的线位移模型。基于超协调元理论,该文构造了一类新型的三结点三角形平板壳元SCT。数值算例表明:与其他类型单元相比,基于超协调元理论的单元具有计算精度高和计算效率好的优势。该文所提出单元理论构造简单,超协调元理论可以成为构造高性能数值算法的一种新的通用理论。

淋巴瘤证型及其“痰瘀”证素与趋化因子及凝血指标的相关性研究

目的分析淋巴瘤证型和主要病性证素“痰瘀”与常见趋化因子及其受体、凝血指标的相关性,初步探讨淋巴瘤“痰瘀”证素的现代科学本质。方法选择198例淋巴瘤患者,统计并分析不同证型患者趋化因子及受体(CXCL2、CXCR2、CXCL8、CXCL12、CXCR4)和凝血指标(PT、APTT、FIB、FDP、D-D)水平差异;并采用二元Logistic回归分析探讨“痰”、“瘀”与上述各指标的相关性。结果CXCL2、CXCR2、CXCR4、CXCL8、PT、APTT、FIB、FDP、D-D在不同证型中均有差异(P<0.05),在痰瘀互结证型的表达水平高于其他证型(P<0.05);CXCL12在不同证型之间的水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。痰、瘀是淋巴瘤最主要的病性证素,其中CXCR2、CXCR4、D-D、FIB对“痰”有影响,D-D与“瘀”有密切相关性。结论淋巴瘤证型、“痰瘀”证素与常见趋化因子及其受体、凝血指标具有明确相关性,趋化因子和凝血功能异常可能是淋巴瘤“痰瘀”证素相关的生物标志物。

基于D-S证据理论的岩爆预测方法研究

为了有效预测岩爆,提出基于D-S证据理论的岩爆预测方法.首先,选取与岩爆发生相关的6个指标因素作为证据体,并通过模糊物元框架和正态型隶属度函数构建证据体的基本概率分配.然后,利用K均值将证据体分类,并提出簇内证据用传统方式融合而簇间证据用权重方式融合的组合融合规则,以减轻高冲突证据融合的不利影响.最后,将模型应用在秦岭终南山公路隧道2号竖井工程,且与经验方法对比.为了分析预测过程的不确定性和估计岩爆发生概率,采用蒙特卡洛模拟进行抽样仿真,并通过Spearman秩相关系数衡量输入指标的全局敏感性.研究结果表明:输入指标在不同的岩爆案例的影响程度差异较大且方向不同;5个岩爆案例的发生概率在40.8%~70.1%之间.该模型表现出优异的预测分类性能,可为深埋地下工程岩爆预测提供参考.