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Cluster-tilting objects in higher cluster categories
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作者 Xinhong CHEN Ming LU 《Frontiers of Mathematics in China》 CSCD 2023年第3期187-201,共15页
We consider the existence of cluster-tilting objects in a d-cluster category such that its endomorphism algebra is self-injective,and also the properties for cluster-tilting objects in d-cluster categories.We get the ... We consider the existence of cluster-tilting objects in a d-cluster category such that its endomorphism algebra is self-injective,and also the properties for cluster-tilting objects in d-cluster categories.We get the following results:(1)When d>1,any almost complete cluster-tilting object in d-cluster category has only one complement.(2)Cluster-tilting objects in d-cluster categories are induced by tilting modules over some hereditary algebras.We also give a condition for a tilting module to induce a cluster-tilting object in a d-cluster category.(3)A 3-cluster category of finite type admits a cluster-tilting object if and only if its type is A1,A3,D2n-1(n>2).(4)The(2m+1)-cluster category of type D2n-1 admits a cluster-tilting object such that its endomorphism algebra is self-injective,and its stable category is equivalent to the(4m+2)-cluster category of type A4mn-4m+2n-1. 展开更多
关键词 Almost complete cluster-tilting object Calabi-Yau 1 triangulated category cluster-tilting object COMPLEMENT d-cluster category
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Enhancing Dense Small Object Detection in UAV Images Based on Hybrid Transformer 被引量:1
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作者 Changfeng Feng Chunping Wang +2 位作者 Dongdong Zhang Renke Kou Qiang Fu 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第3期3993-4013,共21页
Transformer-based models have facilitated significant advances in object detection.However,their extensive computational consumption and suboptimal detection of dense small objects curtail their applicability in unman... Transformer-based models have facilitated significant advances in object detection.However,their extensive computational consumption and suboptimal detection of dense small objects curtail their applicability in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)imagery.Addressing these limitations,we propose a hybrid transformer-based detector,H-DETR,and enhance it for dense small objects,leading to an accurate and efficient model.Firstly,we introduce a hybrid transformer encoder,which integrates a convolutional neural network-based cross-scale fusion module with the original encoder to handle multi-scale feature sequences more efficiently.Furthermore,we propose two novel strategies to enhance detection performance without incurring additional inference computation.Query filter is designed to cope with the dense clustering inherent in drone-captured images by counteracting similar queries with a training-aware non-maximum suppression.Adversarial denoising learning is a novel enhancement method inspired by adversarial learning,which improves the detection of numerous small targets by counteracting the effects of artificial spatial and semantic noise.Extensive experiments on the VisDrone and UAVDT datasets substantiate the effectiveness of our approach,achieving a significant improvement in accuracy with a reduction in computational complexity.Our method achieves 31.9%and 21.1%AP on the VisDrone and UAVDT datasets,respectively,and has a faster inference speed,making it a competitive model in UAV image object detection. 展开更多
关键词 UAV images TRANSFORMER dense small object detection
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Enhanced Object Detection and Classification via Multi-Method Fusion
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作者 Muhammad Waqas Ahmed Nouf Abdullah Almujally +2 位作者 Abdulwahab Alazeb Asaad Algarni Jeongmin Park 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第5期3315-3331,共17页
Advances in machine vision systems have revolutionized applications such as autonomous driving,robotic navigation,and augmented reality.Despite substantial progress,challenges persist,including dynamic backgrounds,occ... Advances in machine vision systems have revolutionized applications such as autonomous driving,robotic navigation,and augmented reality.Despite substantial progress,challenges persist,including dynamic backgrounds,occlusion,and limited labeled data.To address these challenges,we introduce a comprehensive methodology toenhance image classification and object detection accuracy.The proposed approach involves the integration ofmultiple methods in a complementary way.The process commences with the application of Gaussian filters tomitigate the impact of noise interference.These images are then processed for segmentation using Fuzzy C-Meanssegmentation in parallel with saliency mapping techniques to find the most prominent regions.The Binary RobustIndependent Elementary Features(BRIEF)characteristics are then extracted fromdata derived fromsaliency mapsand segmented images.For precise object separation,Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF(ORB)algorithms areemployed.Genetic Algorithms(GAs)are used to optimize Random Forest classifier parameters which lead toimproved performance.Our method stands out due to its comprehensive approach,adeptly addressing challengessuch as changing backdrops,occlusion,and limited labeled data concurrently.A significant enhancement hasbeen achieved by integrating Genetic Algorithms(GAs)to precisely optimize parameters.This minor adjustmentnot only boosts the uniqueness of our system but also amplifies its overall efficacy.The proposed methodologyhas demonstrated notable classification accuracies of 90.9%and 89.0%on the challenging Corel-1k and MSRCdatasets,respectively.Furthermore,detection accuracies of 87.2%and 86.6%have been attained.Although ourmethod performed well in both datasets it may face difficulties in real-world data especially where datasets havehighly complex backgrounds.Despite these limitations,GAintegration for parameter optimization shows a notablestrength in enhancing the overall adaptability and performance of our system. 展开更多
关键词 BRIEF features saliency map fuzzy c-means object detection object recognition
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Floating Waste Discovery by Request via Object-Centric Learning
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作者 Bingfei Fu 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第7期1407-1424,共18页
Discovering floating wastes,especially bottles on water,is a crucial research problem in environmental hygiene.Nevertheless,real-world applications often face challenges such as interference from irrelevant objects an... Discovering floating wastes,especially bottles on water,is a crucial research problem in environmental hygiene.Nevertheless,real-world applications often face challenges such as interference from irrelevant objects and the high cost associated with data collection.Consequently,devising algorithms capable of accurately localizing specific objects within a scene in scenarios where annotated data is limited remains a formidable challenge.To solve this problem,this paper proposes an object discovery by request problem setting and a corresponding algorithmic framework.The proposed problem setting aims to identify specified objects in scenes,and the associated algorithmic framework comprises pseudo data generation and object discovery by request network.Pseudo-data generation generates images resembling natural scenes through various data augmentation rules,using a small number of object samples and scene images.The network structure of object discovery by request utilizes the pre-trained Vision Transformer(ViT)model as the backbone,employs object-centric methods to learn the latent representations of foreground objects,and applies patch-level reconstruction constraints to the model.During the validation phase,we use the generated pseudo datasets as training sets and evaluate the performance of our model on the original test sets.Experiments have proved that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles-Bottle Detection(UAV-BD)dataset and self-constructed dataset Bottle,especially in multi-object scenarios. 展开更多
关键词 Unsupervised object discovery object-centric learning pseudo data generation real-world object discovery by request
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Two-Layer Attention Feature Pyramid Network for Small Object Detection
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作者 Sheng Xiang Junhao Ma +2 位作者 Qunli Shang Xianbao Wang Defu Chen 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第10期713-731,共19页
Effective small object detection is crucial in various applications including urban intelligent transportation and pedestrian detection.However,small objects are difficult to detect accurately because they contain les... Effective small object detection is crucial in various applications including urban intelligent transportation and pedestrian detection.However,small objects are difficult to detect accurately because they contain less information.Many current methods,particularly those based on Feature Pyramid Network(FPN),address this challenge by leveraging multi-scale feature fusion.However,existing FPN-based methods often suffer from inadequate feature fusion due to varying resolutions across different layers,leading to suboptimal small object detection.To address this problem,we propose the Two-layerAttention Feature Pyramid Network(TA-FPN),featuring two key modules:the Two-layer Attention Module(TAM)and the Small Object Detail Enhancement Module(SODEM).TAM uses the attention module to make the network more focused on the semantic information of the object and fuse it to the lower layer,so that each layer contains similar semantic information,to alleviate the problem of small object information being submerged due to semantic gaps between different layers.At the same time,SODEM is introduced to strengthen the local features of the object,suppress background noise,enhance the information details of the small object,and fuse the enhanced features to other feature layers to ensure that each layer is rich in small object information,to improve small object detection accuracy.Our extensive experiments on challenging datasets such as Microsoft Common Objects inContext(MSCOCO)and Pattern Analysis Statistical Modelling and Computational Learning,Visual Object Classes(PASCAL VOC)demonstrate the validity of the proposedmethod.Experimental results show a significant improvement in small object detection accuracy compared to state-of-theart detectors. 展开更多
关键词 Small object detection two-layer attention module small object detail enhancement module feature pyramid network
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A Secure and Cost-Effective Training Framework Atop Serverless Computing for Object Detection in Blasting
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作者 Tianming Zhang Zebin Chen +4 位作者 Haonan Guo Bojun Ren Quanmin Xie Mengke Tian Yong Wang 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第5期2139-2154,共16页
The data analysis of blasting sites has always been the research goal of relevant researchers.The rise of mobile blasting robots has aroused many researchers’interest in machine learning methods for target detection ... The data analysis of blasting sites has always been the research goal of relevant researchers.The rise of mobile blasting robots has aroused many researchers’interest in machine learning methods for target detection in the field of blasting.Serverless Computing can provide a variety of computing services for people without hardware foundations and rich software development experience,which has aroused people’s interest in how to use it in the field ofmachine learning.In this paper,we design a distributedmachine learning training application based on the AWS Lambda platform.Based on data parallelism,the data aggregation and training synchronization in Function as a Service(FaaS)are effectively realized.It also encrypts the data set,effectively reducing the risk of data leakage.We rent a cloud server and a Lambda,and then we conduct experiments to evaluate our applications.Our results indicate the effectiveness,rapidity,and economy of distributed training on FaaS. 展开更多
关键词 Serverless computing object detection BLASTING
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SMSTracker:A Self-Calibration Multi-Head Self-Attention Transformer for Visual Object Tracking
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作者 Zhongyang Wang Hu Zhu Feng Liu 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第7期605-623,共19页
Visual object tracking plays a crucial role in computer vision.In recent years,researchers have proposed various methods to achieve high-performance object tracking.Among these,methods based on Transformers have becom... Visual object tracking plays a crucial role in computer vision.In recent years,researchers have proposed various methods to achieve high-performance object tracking.Among these,methods based on Transformers have become a research hotspot due to their ability to globally model and contextualize information.However,current Transformer-based object tracking methods still face challenges such as low tracking accuracy and the presence of redundant feature information.In this paper,we introduce self-calibration multi-head self-attention Transformer(SMSTracker)as a solution to these challenges.It employs a hybrid tensor decomposition self-organizing multihead self-attention transformermechanism,which not only compresses and accelerates Transformer operations but also significantly reduces redundant data,thereby enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of tracking.Additionally,we introduce a self-calibration attention fusion block to resolve common issues of attention ambiguities and inconsistencies found in traditional trackingmethods,ensuring the stability and reliability of tracking performance across various scenarios.By integrating a hybrid tensor decomposition approach with a self-organizingmulti-head self-attentive transformer mechanism,SMSTracker enhances the efficiency and accuracy of the tracking process.Experimental results show that SMSTracker achieves competitive performance in visual object tracking,promising more robust and efficient tracking systems,demonstrating its potential to providemore robust and efficient tracking solutions in real-world applications. 展开更多
关键词 Visual object tracking tensor decomposition TRANSFORMER self-attention
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Learning Discriminatory Information for Object Detection on Urine Sediment Image
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作者 Sixian Chan Binghui Wu +2 位作者 Guodao Zhang Yuan Yao Hongqiang Wang 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第1期411-428,共18页
In clinical practice,the microscopic examination of urine sediment is considered an important in vitro examination with many broad applications.Measuring the amount of each type of urine sediment allows for screening,... In clinical practice,the microscopic examination of urine sediment is considered an important in vitro examination with many broad applications.Measuring the amount of each type of urine sediment allows for screening,diagnosis and evaluation of kidney and urinary tract disease,providing insight into the specific type and severity.However,manual urine sediment examination is labor-intensive,time-consuming,and subjective.Traditional machine learning based object detection methods require hand-crafted features for localization and classification,which have poor generalization capabilities and are difficult to quickly and accurately detect the number of urine sediments.Deep learning based object detection methods have the potential to address the challenges mentioned above,but these methods require access to large urine sediment image datasets.Unfortunately,only a limited number of publicly available urine sediment datasets are currently available.To alleviate the lack of urine sediment datasets in medical image analysis,we propose a new dataset named UriSed2K,which contains 2465 high-quality images annotated with expert guidance.Two main challenges are associated with our dataset:a large number of small objects and the occlusion between these small objects.Our manuscript focuses on applying deep learning object detection methods to the urine sediment dataset and addressing the challenges presented by this dataset.Specifically,our goal is to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the detection algorithm and,in doing so,provide medical professionals with an automatic detector that saves time and effort.We propose an improved lightweight one-stage object detection algorithm called Discriminatory-YOLO.The proposed algorithm comprises a local context attention module and a global background suppression module,which aid the detector in distinguishing urine sediment features in the image.The local context attention module captures context information beyond the object region,while the global background suppression module emphasizes objects in uninformative backgrounds.We comprehensively evaluate our method on the UriSed2K dataset,which includes seven categories of urine sediments,such as erythrocytes(red blood cells),leukocytes(white blood cells),epithelial cells,crystals,mycetes,broken erythrocytes,and broken leukocytes,achieving the best average precision(AP)of 95.3%while taking only 10 ms per image.The source code and dataset are available at https://github.com/binghuiwu98/discriminatoryyolov5. 展开更多
关键词 object detection attention mechanism medical image urine sediment
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Local saliency consistency-based label inference for weakly supervised salient object detection using scribble annotations
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作者 Shuo Zhao Peng Cui +1 位作者 Jing Shen Haibo Liu 《CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology》 SCIE EI 2024年第1期239-249,共11页
Recently,weak supervision has received growing attention in the field of salient object detection due to the convenience of labelling.However,there is a large performance gap between weakly supervised and fully superv... Recently,weak supervision has received growing attention in the field of salient object detection due to the convenience of labelling.However,there is a large performance gap between weakly supervised and fully supervised salient object detectors because the scribble annotation can only provide very limited foreground/background information.Therefore,an intuitive idea is to infer annotations that cover more complete object and background regions for training.To this end,a label inference strategy is proposed based on the assumption that pixels with similar colours and close positions should have consistent labels.Specifically,k-means clustering algorithm was first performed on both colours and coordinates of original annotations,and then assigned the same labels to points having similar colours with colour cluster centres and near coordinate cluster centres.Next,the same annotations for pixels with similar colours within each kernel neighbourhood was set further.Extensive experiments on six benchmarks demonstrate that our method can significantly improve the performance and achieve the state-of-the-art results. 展开更多
关键词 label inference salient object detection weak supervision
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Improving Transferable Targeted Adversarial Attack for Object Detection Using RCEN Framework and Logit Loss Optimization
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作者 Zhiyi Ding Lei Sun +2 位作者 Xiuqing Mao Leyu Dai Ruiyang Ding 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第9期4387-4412,共26页
Object detection finds wide application in various sectors,including autonomous driving,industry,and healthcare.Recent studies have highlighted the vulnerability of object detection models built using deep neural netw... Object detection finds wide application in various sectors,including autonomous driving,industry,and healthcare.Recent studies have highlighted the vulnerability of object detection models built using deep neural networks when confronted with carefully crafted adversarial examples.This not only reveals their shortcomings in defending against malicious attacks but also raises widespread concerns about the security of existing systems.Most existing adversarial attack strategies focus primarily on image classification problems,failing to fully exploit the unique characteristics of object detectionmodels,thus resulting in widespread deficiencies in their transferability.Furthermore,previous research has predominantly concentrated on the transferability issues of non-targeted attacks,whereas enhancing the transferability of targeted adversarial examples presents even greater challenges.Traditional attack techniques typically employ cross-entropy as a loss measure,iteratively adjusting adversarial examples to match target categories.However,their inherent limitations restrict their broad applicability and transferability across different models.To address the aforementioned challenges,this study proposes a novel targeted adversarial attack method aimed at enhancing the transferability of adversarial samples across object detection models.Within the framework of iterative attacks,we devise a new objective function designed to mitigate consistency issues arising from cumulative noise and to enhance the separation between target and non-target categories(logit margin).Secondly,a data augmentation framework incorporating random erasing and color transformations is introduced into targeted adversarial attacks.This enhances the diversity of gradients,preventing overfitting to white-box models.Lastly,perturbations are applied only within the specified object’s bounding box to reduce the perturbation range,enhancing attack stealthiness.Experiments were conducted on the Microsoft Common Objects in Context(MS COCO)dataset using You Only Look Once version 3(YOLOv3),You Only Look Once version 8(YOLOv8),Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks(Faster R-CNN),and RetinaNet.The results demonstrate a significant advantage of the proposed method in black-box settings.Among these,the success rate of RetinaNet transfer attacks reached a maximum of 82.59%. 展开更多
关键词 object detection model security targeted attack gradient diversity
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Real-Time Object Detection and Face Recognition Application for the Visually Impaired
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作者 Karshiev Sanjar Soyoun Bang +1 位作者 SookheeRyue Heechul Jung 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第6期3569-3583,共15页
The advancement of navigation systems for the visually impaired has significantly enhanced their mobility by mitigating the risk of encountering obstacles and guiding them along safe,navigable routes.Traditional appro... The advancement of navigation systems for the visually impaired has significantly enhanced their mobility by mitigating the risk of encountering obstacles and guiding them along safe,navigable routes.Traditional approaches primarily focus on broad applications such as wayfinding,obstacle detection,and fall prevention.However,there is a notable discrepancy in applying these technologies to more specific scenarios,like identifying distinct food crop types or recognizing faces.This study proposes a real-time application designed for visually impaired individuals,aiming to bridge this research-application gap.It introduces a system capable of detecting 20 different food crop types and recognizing faces with impressive accuracies of 83.27%and 95.64%,respectively.These results represent a significant contribution to the field of assistive technologies,providing visually impaired users with detailed and relevant information about their surroundings,thereby enhancing their mobility and ensuring their safety.Additionally,it addresses the vital aspects of social engagements,acknowledging the challenges faced by visually impaired individuals in recognizing acquaintances without auditory or tactile signals,and highlights recent developments in prototype systems aimed at assisting with face recognition tasks.This comprehensive approach not only promises enhanced navigational aids but also aims to enrich the social well-being and safety of visually impaired communities. 展开更多
关键词 Artificial intelligence deep learning real-time object detection application
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YOLO-MFD:Remote Sensing Image Object Detection with Multi-Scale Fusion Dynamic Head
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作者 Zhongyuan Zhang Wenqiu Zhu 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第5期2547-2563,共17页
Remote sensing imagery,due to its high altitude,presents inherent challenges characterized by multiple scales,limited target areas,and intricate backgrounds.These inherent traits often lead to increased miss and false... Remote sensing imagery,due to its high altitude,presents inherent challenges characterized by multiple scales,limited target areas,and intricate backgrounds.These inherent traits often lead to increased miss and false detection rates when applying object recognition algorithms tailored for remote sensing imagery.Additionally,these complexities contribute to inaccuracies in target localization and hinder precise target categorization.This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a solution:The YOLO-MFD model(YOLO-MFD:Remote Sensing Image Object Detection withMulti-scale Fusion Dynamic Head).Before presenting our method,we delve into the prevalent issues faced in remote sensing imagery analysis.Specifically,we emphasize the struggles of existing object recognition algorithms in comprehensively capturing critical image features amidst varying scales and complex backgrounds.To resolve these issues,we introduce a novel approach.First,we propose the implementation of a lightweight multi-scale module called CEF.This module significantly improves the model’s ability to comprehensively capture important image features by merging multi-scale feature information.It effectively addresses the issues of missed detection and mistaken alarms that are common in remote sensing imagery.Second,an additional layer of small target detection heads is added,and a residual link is established with the higher-level feature extraction module in the backbone section.This allows the model to incorporate shallower information,significantly improving the accuracy of target localization in remotely sensed images.Finally,a dynamic head attentionmechanism is introduced.This allows themodel to exhibit greater flexibility and accuracy in recognizing shapes and targets of different sizes.Consequently,the precision of object detection is significantly improved.The trial results show that the YOLO-MFD model shows improvements of 6.3%,3.5%,and 2.5%over the original YOLOv8 model in Precision,map@0.5 and map@0.5:0.95,separately.These results illustrate the clear advantages of the method. 展开更多
关键词 object detection YOLOv8 MULTI-SCALE attention mechanism dynamic detection head
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MSC-YOLO:Improved YOLOv7 Based on Multi-Scale Spatial Context for Small Object Detection in UAV-View
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作者 Xiangyan Tang Chengchun Ruan +2 位作者 Xiulai Li Binbin Li Cebin Fu 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第4期983-1003,共21页
Accurately identifying small objects in high-resolution aerial images presents a complex and crucial task in thefield of small object detection on unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).This task is challenging due to variati... Accurately identifying small objects in high-resolution aerial images presents a complex and crucial task in thefield of small object detection on unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).This task is challenging due to variations inUAV flight altitude,differences in object scales,as well as factors like flight speed and motion blur.To enhancethe detection efficacy of small targets in drone aerial imagery,we propose an enhanced You Only Look Onceversion 7(YOLOv7)algorithm based on multi-scale spatial context.We build the MSC-YOLO model,whichincorporates an additional prediction head,denoted as P2,to improve adaptability for small objects.We replaceconventional downsampling with a Spatial-to-Depth Convolutional Combination(CSPDC)module to mitigatethe loss of intricate feature details related to small objects.Furthermore,we propose a Spatial Context Pyramidwith Multi-Scale Attention(SCPMA)module,which captures spatial and channel-dependent features of smalltargets acrossmultiple scales.This module enhances the perception of spatial contextual features and the utilizationof multiscale feature information.On the Visdrone2023 and UAVDT datasets,MSC-YOLO achieves remarkableresults,outperforming the baseline method YOLOv7 by 3.0%in terms ofmean average precision(mAP).The MSCYOLOalgorithm proposed in this paper has demonstrated satisfactory performance in detecting small targets inUAV aerial photography,providing strong support for practical applications. 展开更多
关键词 Small object detection YOLOv7 multi-scale attention spatial context
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Depth-Guided Vision Transformer With Normalizing Flows for Monocular 3D Object Detection
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作者 Cong Pan Junran Peng Zhaoxiang Zhang 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第3期673-689,共17页
Monocular 3D object detection is challenging due to the lack of accurate depth information.Some methods estimate the pixel-wise depth maps from off-the-shelf depth estimators and then use them as an additional input t... Monocular 3D object detection is challenging due to the lack of accurate depth information.Some methods estimate the pixel-wise depth maps from off-the-shelf depth estimators and then use them as an additional input to augment the RGB images.Depth-based methods attempt to convert estimated depth maps to pseudo-LiDAR and then use LiDAR-based object detectors or focus on the perspective of image and depth fusion learning.However,they demonstrate limited performance and efficiency as a result of depth inaccuracy and complex fusion mode with convolutions.Different from these approaches,our proposed depth-guided vision transformer with a normalizing flows(NF-DVT)network uses normalizing flows to build priors in depth maps to achieve more accurate depth information.Then we develop a novel Swin-Transformer-based backbone with a fusion module to process RGB image patches and depth map patches with two separate branches and fuse them using cross-attention to exchange information with each other.Furthermore,with the help of pixel-wise relative depth values in depth maps,we develop new relative position embeddings in the cross-attention mechanism to capture more accurate sequence ordering of input tokens.Our method is the first Swin-Transformer-based backbone architecture for monocular 3D object detection.The experimental results on the KITTI and the challenging Waymo Open datasets show the effectiveness of our proposed method and superior performance over previous counterparts. 展开更多
关键词 Monocular 3D object detection normalizing flows Swin Transformer
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CAW-YOLO:Cross-Layer Fusion and Weighted Receptive Field-Based YOLO for Small Object Detection in Remote Sensing
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作者 Weiya Shi Shaowen Zhang Shiqiang Zhang 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第6期3209-3231,共23页
In recent years,there has been extensive research on object detection methods applied to optical remote sensing images utilizing convolutional neural networks.Despite these efforts,the detection of small objects in re... In recent years,there has been extensive research on object detection methods applied to optical remote sensing images utilizing convolutional neural networks.Despite these efforts,the detection of small objects in remote sensing remains a formidable challenge.The deep network structure will bring about the loss of object features,resulting in the loss of object features and the near elimination of some subtle features associated with small objects in deep layers.Additionally,the features of small objects are susceptible to interference from background features contained within the image,leading to a decline in detection accuracy.Moreover,the sensitivity of small objects to the bounding box perturbation further increases the detection difficulty.In this paper,we introduce a novel approach,Cross-Layer Fusion and Weighted Receptive Field-based YOLO(CAW-YOLO),specifically designed for small object detection in remote sensing.To address feature loss in deep layers,we have devised a cross-layer attention fusion module.Background noise is effectively filtered through the incorporation of Bi-Level Routing Attention(BRA).To enhance the model’s capacity to perceive multi-scale objects,particularly small-scale objects,we introduce a weightedmulti-receptive field atrous spatial pyramid poolingmodule.Furthermore,wemitigate the sensitivity arising from bounding box perturbation by incorporating the joint Normalized Wasserstein Distance(NWD)and Efficient Intersection over Union(EIoU)losses.The efficacy of the proposedmodel in detecting small objects in remote sensing has been validated through experiments conducted on three publicly available datasets.The experimental results unequivocally demonstrate the model’s pronounced advantages in small object detection for remote sensing,surpassing the performance of current mainstream models. 展开更多
关键词 Small object detection attention mechanism cross-layer fusion discrete cosine transform
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Robust and Discriminative Feature Learning via Mutual Information Maximization for Object Detection in Aerial Images
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作者 Xu Sun Yinhui Yu Qing Cheng 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第9期4149-4171,共23页
Object detection in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)aerial images has become increasingly important in military and civil applications.General object detection models are not robust enough against interclass similarity an... Object detection in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)aerial images has become increasingly important in military and civil applications.General object detection models are not robust enough against interclass similarity and intraclass variability of small objects,and UAV-specific nuisances such as uncontrolledweather conditions.Unlike previous approaches focusing on high-level semantic information,we report the importance of underlying features to improve detection accuracy and robustness fromthe information-theoretic perspective.Specifically,we propose a robust and discriminative feature learning approach through mutual information maximization(RD-MIM),which can be integrated into numerous object detection methods for aerial images.Firstly,we present the rank sample mining method to reduce underlying feature differences between the natural image domain and the aerial image domain.Then,we design a momentum contrast learning strategy to make object features similar to the same category and dissimilar to different categories.Finally,we construct a transformer-based global attention mechanism to boost object location semantics by leveraging the high interrelation of different receptive fields.We conduct extensive experiments on the VisDrone and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Benchmark Object Detection and Tracking(UAVDT)datasets to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.The experimental results show that our approach brings considerable robustness gains to basic detectors and advanced detection methods,achieving relative growth rates of 51.0%and 39.4%in corruption robustness,respectively.Our code is available at https://github.com/cq100/RD-MIM(accessed on 2 August 2024). 展开更多
关键词 Aerial images object detection mutual information contrast learning attention mechanism
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A Simple and Effective Surface Defect Detection Method of Power Line Insulators for Difficult Small Objects
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作者 Xiao Lu Chengling Jiang +2 位作者 Zhoujun Ma Haitao Li Yuexin Liu 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第4期373-390,共18页
Insulator defect detection plays a vital role in maintaining the secure operation of power systems.To address the issues of the difficulty of detecting small objects and missing objects due to the small scale,variable... Insulator defect detection plays a vital role in maintaining the secure operation of power systems.To address the issues of the difficulty of detecting small objects and missing objects due to the small scale,variable scale,and fuzzy edge morphology of insulator defects,we construct an insulator dataset with 1600 samples containing flashovers and breakages.Then a simple and effective surface defect detection method of power line insulators for difficult small objects is proposed.Firstly,a high-resolution featuremap is introduced and a small object prediction layer is added so that the model can detect tiny objects.Secondly,a simplified adaptive spatial feature fusion(SASFF)module is introduced to perform cross-scale spatial fusion to improve adaptability to variable multi-scale features.Finally,we propose an enhanced deformable attention mechanism(EDAM)module.By integrating a gating activation function,the model is further inspired to learn a small number of critical sampling points near reference points.And the module can improve the perception of object morphology.The experimental results indicate that concerning the dataset of flashover and breakage defects,this method improves the performance of YOLOv5,YOLOv7,and YOLOv8.In practical application,it can simply and effectively improve the precision of power line insulator defect detection and reduce missing detection for difficult small objects. 展开更多
关键词 Insulator defect detection small object power line deformable attention mechanism
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Probability-Enhanced Anchor-Free Detector for Remote-Sensing Object Detection
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作者 Chengcheng Fan Zhiruo Fang 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第6期4925-4943,共19页
Anchor-free object-detection methods achieve a significant advancement in field of computer vision,particularly in the realm of real-time inferences.However,in remote sensing object detection,anchor-free methods often... Anchor-free object-detection methods achieve a significant advancement in field of computer vision,particularly in the realm of real-time inferences.However,in remote sensing object detection,anchor-free methods often lack of capability in separating the foreground and background.This paper proposes an anchor-free method named probability-enhanced anchor-free detector(ProEnDet)for remote sensing object detection.First,a weighted bidirectional feature pyramid is used for feature extraction.Second,we introduce probability enhancement to strengthen the classification of the object’s foreground and background.The detector uses the logarithm likelihood as the final score to improve the classification of the foreground and background of the object.ProEnDet is verified using the DIOR and NWPU-VHR-10 datasets.The experiment achieved mean average precisions of 61.4 and 69.0 on the DIOR dataset and NWPU-VHR-10 dataset,respectively.ProEnDet achieves a speed of 32.4 FPS on the DIOR dataset,which satisfies the real-time requirements for remote-sensing object detection. 展开更多
关键词 object detection anchor-free detector PROBABILISTIC fully convolutional neural network remote sensing
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Effect of low-degree astigmatism on the objective visual quality
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作者 Ling-Ying Ye Shu-Feng Li +2 位作者 Jing-Jing Zuo Jin Li Hui-Xiang Ma 《International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)》 SCIE CAS 2024年第6期1086-1093,共8页
AIM:To evaluate the effect of low-degree astigmatism on objective visual quality through the Optical Quality Analysis System(OQAS).METHODS:This study enrolled 46 participants(aged 23 to 30y,90 eyes)with normal or corr... AIM:To evaluate the effect of low-degree astigmatism on objective visual quality through the Optical Quality Analysis System(OQAS).METHODS:This study enrolled 46 participants(aged 23 to 30y,90 eyes)with normal or corrected-to-normal vision.The cylindrical lenses(0,0.5,0.75,1.0,and 1.25 D)were placed at the axial direction(180°,45°,90°,and 135°)in front of the eyes with the best correction to form 16 types of regular low-degree astigmatism.OQAS was used to detect the objective visual quality,recorded as the objective scattering index(OSI),OQAS values at contrasts of 100%,20%,and 9%predictive visual acuity(OV100%,OV20%,and OV9%),modulation transfer function cut-off(MTFcut-off)and Strehl ratio(SR).The mixed effect linear model was used to compare objective visual quality differences between groups and examine associations between astigmatic magnitude and objective visual quality parameters.RESULTS:Apparent negative relationships between the magnitude of low astigmatism and objective visual quality were observed.The increase of OSI per degree of astigmatism at 180°,45°,90°,and 135°axis were 0.38(95%CI:0.35,0.42),0.50(95%CI:0.46,0.53),0.49(95%CI:0.45,0.54)and 0.37(95%CI:0.34,0.41),respectively.The decrease of MTFcut-off per degree of astigmatism at 180°,45°,90°,and 135°axis were-10.30(95%CI:-11.43,-9.16),-12.73(95%CI:-13.62,-11.86),-12.75(95%CI:-13.79,-11.70),and-9.97(95%CI:-10.92,-9.03),respectively.At the same astigmatism degree,OSI at 45°and 90°axis were higher than that at 0°and 135°axis,while MTFcut-off were lower.CONCLUSION:Low astigmatism of only 0.50 D can significantly reduce the objective visual quality. 展开更多
关键词 low-degree astigmatism objective visual quality Optical Quality Analysis System
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Multi-Stream Temporally Enhanced Network for Video Salient Object Detection
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作者 Dan Xu Jiale Ru Jinlong Shi 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第1期85-104,共20页
Video salient object detection(VSOD)aims at locating the most attractive objects in a video by exploring the spatial and temporal features.VSOD poses a challenging task in computer vision,as it involves processing com... Video salient object detection(VSOD)aims at locating the most attractive objects in a video by exploring the spatial and temporal features.VSOD poses a challenging task in computer vision,as it involves processing complex spatial data that is also influenced by temporal dynamics.Despite the progress made in existing VSOD models,they still struggle in scenes of great background diversity within and between frames.Additionally,they encounter difficulties related to accumulated noise and high time consumption during the extraction of temporal features over a long-term duration.We propose a multi-stream temporal enhanced network(MSTENet)to address these problems.It investigates saliency cues collaboration in the spatial domain with a multi-stream structure to deal with the great background diversity challenge.A straightforward,yet efficient approach for temporal feature extraction is developed to avoid the accumulative noises and reduce time consumption.The distinction between MSTENet and other VSOD methods stems from its incorporation of both foreground supervision and background supervision,facilitating enhanced extraction of collaborative saliency cues.Another notable differentiation is the innovative integration of spatial and temporal features,wherein the temporal module is integrated into the multi-stream structure,enabling comprehensive spatial-temporal interactions within an end-to-end framework.Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on five benchmark datasets while maintaining a real-time speed of 27 fps(Titan XP).Our code and models are available at https://github.com/RuJiaLe/MSTENet. 展开更多
关键词 Video salient object detection deep learning temporally enhanced foreground-background collaboration
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