Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) remains a deadly disease with no efficacious treatment options. PDAC incidence is projected to increase, which may be caused at least partially by the obesity epidemic. Significa...Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) remains a deadly disease with no efficacious treatment options. PDAC incidence is projected to increase, which may be caused at least partially by the obesity epidemic. Significantly enhanced efforts to prevent or intercept this cancer are clearly warranted. Oncogenic KRAS mutations are recognized initiating events in PDAC development, however, they are not entirely sufficient for the development of fully invasive PDAC.Additional genetic alterations and/or environmental, nutritional, and metabolic signals, as present in obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus, and inflammation, are required for full PDAC formation. We hypothesize that oncogenic KRAS increases the intensity and duration of the growth-promoting signaling network.Recent exciting studies from different laboratories indicate that the activity of the transcriptional co-activators Yes-associated protein(YAP) and WW-domaincontaining transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif(TAZ) play a critical role in the promotion and maintenance of PDAC operating as key downstream target of KRAS signaling. While initially thought to be primarily an effector of the tumor-suppressive Hippo pathway, more recent studies revealed that YAP/TAZ subcellular localization and co-transcriptional activity is regulated by multiple upstream signals. Overall, YAP has emerged as a central node of transcriptional convergence in growth-promoting signaling in PDAC cells. Indeed, YAP expression is an independent unfavorable prognostic marker for overall survival of PDAC. In what follows, we will review studies implicating YAP/TAZ in pancreatic cancer development and consider different approaches to target these transcriptional regulators.展开更多
目的探讨槲皮素抑制前列腺癌的作用机制。方法应用蛋白印迹技术检查槲皮素(quercetin)对雄激素受体(androgen receptor,AR)的辅调节因子c-Jun和cAMP应答元件结合蛋白的结合蛋白[cAMP response elem entb ind ing prote in(CREB)-b ind i...目的探讨槲皮素抑制前列腺癌的作用机制。方法应用蛋白印迹技术检查槲皮素(quercetin)对雄激素受体(androgen receptor,AR)的辅调节因子c-Jun和cAMP应答元件结合蛋白的结合蛋白[cAMP response elem entb ind ing prote in(CREB)-b ind ing prote in,CBP]蛋白表达的影响;利用细胞转染技术检测c-Jun和CBP对AR功能的影响;免疫沉淀技术检验c-Jun与AR的蛋白-蛋白相互作用。结果槲皮素能够明显诱导c-Jun的高表达,高表达的c-Jun能够抑制AR的功能。槲皮素对CBP的蛋白表达水平无明显影响,而增加CBP的表达并不能逆转槲皮素对AR功能的抑制作用。免疫沉淀结果表明,c-Jun与AR存在蛋白-蛋白相互作用。结论槲皮素抑制前列腺癌的机制可能是通过c-Jun与AR的蛋白相互作用,而不是通过c-Jun竞争结合AR的辅激活因子CBP来实现的。展开更多
文摘Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) remains a deadly disease with no efficacious treatment options. PDAC incidence is projected to increase, which may be caused at least partially by the obesity epidemic. Significantly enhanced efforts to prevent or intercept this cancer are clearly warranted. Oncogenic KRAS mutations are recognized initiating events in PDAC development, however, they are not entirely sufficient for the development of fully invasive PDAC.Additional genetic alterations and/or environmental, nutritional, and metabolic signals, as present in obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus, and inflammation, are required for full PDAC formation. We hypothesize that oncogenic KRAS increases the intensity and duration of the growth-promoting signaling network.Recent exciting studies from different laboratories indicate that the activity of the transcriptional co-activators Yes-associated protein(YAP) and WW-domaincontaining transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif(TAZ) play a critical role in the promotion and maintenance of PDAC operating as key downstream target of KRAS signaling. While initially thought to be primarily an effector of the tumor-suppressive Hippo pathway, more recent studies revealed that YAP/TAZ subcellular localization and co-transcriptional activity is regulated by multiple upstream signals. Overall, YAP has emerged as a central node of transcriptional convergence in growth-promoting signaling in PDAC cells. Indeed, YAP expression is an independent unfavorable prognostic marker for overall survival of PDAC. In what follows, we will review studies implicating YAP/TAZ in pancreatic cancer development and consider different approaches to target these transcriptional regulators.
文摘目的探讨槲皮素抑制前列腺癌的作用机制。方法应用蛋白印迹技术检查槲皮素(quercetin)对雄激素受体(androgen receptor,AR)的辅调节因子c-Jun和cAMP应答元件结合蛋白的结合蛋白[cAMP response elem entb ind ing prote in(CREB)-b ind ing prote in,CBP]蛋白表达的影响;利用细胞转染技术检测c-Jun和CBP对AR功能的影响;免疫沉淀技术检验c-Jun与AR的蛋白-蛋白相互作用。结果槲皮素能够明显诱导c-Jun的高表达,高表达的c-Jun能够抑制AR的功能。槲皮素对CBP的蛋白表达水平无明显影响,而增加CBP的表达并不能逆转槲皮素对AR功能的抑制作用。免疫沉淀结果表明,c-Jun与AR存在蛋白-蛋白相互作用。结论槲皮素抑制前列腺癌的机制可能是通过c-Jun与AR的蛋白相互作用,而不是通过c-Jun竞争结合AR的辅激活因子CBP来实现的。
