Rice-duck co-culture is an integrated farming technology that benefits rice production, grain quality, and ecological sustainability in paddy fields. However, little is known about the effects of rice-duck co-culture ...Rice-duck co-culture is an integrated farming technology that benefits rice production, grain quality, and ecological sustainability in paddy fields. However, little is known about the effects of rice-duck co-culture on enzyme activity involved in the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), the volatile that gives fragrant rice its' distinctive and sought-after aroma. The present study aimed to examine the influence of rice-duck co-culture on the photosynthesis, yield, grain quality, rice aroma, and the enzymes involved in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis in the cultivar Meixiangzhan 2 during the early and late rice growing seasons of 2016 in Guangzhou, China. We compared the rice grown in paddy fields with and without ducks. We found that rice-duck co-culture not only improved the yield and quality of fragrant rice grain, but also promoted the precursors of 2-AP biosynthesis formation and 2-AP accumulation in the grain. Grain 2-AP content in rice-duck co-culture was noticeably increased with 9.60% and 20.81% in early and late seasons, respectively. Proline and pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C) (precursors of 2-AP biosynthesis) and the activity of enzymes such as proline dehydrogenase (ProDH), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) and Δ1 pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase (P5CS) were all improved by 10.15%–12.99%, 32.91%–47.75%, 17.81%–26.71%, 6.25%–21.78%, and 10.58%–38.87% under rice-duck co-culture in both seasons, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that rice-duck co-culture is an environmentally-friendly and sustainable approach to improving rice aroma and grain quality of fragrant rice.展开更多
The rice-crayfish farming model has been rapidly developed and become an economically viable method to supply food in China in recent years.However,its environmental and economic sustainability has not been thoroughly...The rice-crayfish farming model has been rapidly developed and become an economically viable method to supply food in China in recent years.However,its environmental and economic sustainability has not been thoroughly investigated.This study uses a survey in 2016 and a field experiment in 2017 in Qianjiang,Hubei Province,China to assess the relative economics of concurrent rice-wheat(RW),rice-crayfish(RC),and crayfish monoculture(CM)models in waterlogged land areas.Thefield survey indicated that the RC model had a higher benefit-cost ratio(3.5:1)than the RW(2.0:1)and CM(3.1:1)models and the RC model protected farmers’enthusiasm for grain production facing unfavourable weather conditions.The field experiment aimed to explore nitrogen management strategies in RC fields.In the experiment,four levels of nitrogen concentration gradient-0 kg N ha^(-1)(0 N),75 kg N ha^(-1)(75 N),150 kg N ha^(-1)(150 N)and 225 kg N ha^(-1)(225 N),were set in a 2-year-old rice-crayfish(RC2)field,an 8-year-old rice-crayfish(RC8)field,and a RWfield as a control.Thefield experiment results suggested that the peak rice yield in RW,RC2,and RC8 occurred when 225 N,150 N and 75 N were used,respectively.In RC2 and RC8,however,residual feed-nitrogen that was not used by crayfish was utilized by rice plants.Thus,an optimal amount of nitrogen in RCfields was proposed to improve the nitrogen use efficiency and reduce environmental pollution by nitrogen fertilizer.Farmers use less nitrogen but have higher net income in RC than in RW and CM.It is necessary to sustainably develop integrated farming technologies(i.e.,properfield configurations for ricefields)to effectively sustain rice production.The results also showed that the RC farming model was a viable diversification option for rice farmers in waterlogged land.展开更多
Masa is a cereal based snack made from rice, maize or millet. It is popularly consumed in the northern regions of Nigeria. The objective of this work was to assess the nutritional and sensory properties of the rice-Ma...Masa is a cereal based snack made from rice, maize or millet. It is popularly consumed in the northern regions of Nigeria. The objective of this work was to assess the nutritional and sensory properties of the rice-Masa, enriched with soybean and crayfish. The enriched rice-Masa produced were labelled sample A (100% rice), sample B (rice: soybean blend (80:20), sample C (rice: crayfish blend (80:20) and sample D (rice: soybean: crayfish (80:10:10). The proximate and mineral composition was evaluated according to standard methods. Anti-nutrient content was also determined. Sensory evaluation was carried out to assess the acceptability of the enriched rice-Masa. The chemical analysis showed that protein, fibre, iron, zinc and vitamin A and beta carotene contents were highest in sample D with values 8.35 (±0.08) g/100g, 1.08 (±0.02) g/100g, 2.82 (±0.03) mg/100g, 4.20 (±0.03) mg/100g, 602.3 (±1.28) μg/100g and 420.2 (±0.98) μg/100g respectively, while calcium was highest in sample C with a value of 27.34 (±0.06) mg/100g. Moisture and ash contents increased from 47.4 (±0.50) g/100g to 50.9 (±0.80) g/100g and 0.40 (±0.01) g/100g to 1.15 (±0.01) g/100g respectively, while carbohydrate and energy contents decreased from 28.1 (±0.03) g/100g to 21.9 (±0.04) g/100g and 308.42 kcal/100g to 285.64 kcal/100g respectively. The sensory evaluation showed that with regards to taste, aroma, texture and overall acceptability, the sample enriched with soybean was more preferred to that enriched with crayfish, or a combination of both. Enrichment of Masa could contribute to improvement of nutritional status if promoted as a nutritious, healthy indigenous snack not only where Masa is already widely consumed, but also in other parts of Nigeria where it has not found wide acceptance.展开更多
Taking Hubei Province as an example,starting with the present situation and existing problems of grain production,this paper expounds the great significance of"crayfish-rice continuous cropping"model in impr...Taking Hubei Province as an example,starting with the present situation and existing problems of grain production,this paper expounds the great significance of"crayfish-rice continuous cropping"model in improving grain quality,and analyzes the beneficial influence of"crayfish-rice continuous cropping"on grain production and the difficulties it faces.This paper also puts forward some measures and suggestions for the further popularization of"crayfish-rice continuous cropping"in order to maintain food security.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province (2015B090903077, 2016A020210094, 2017A090905030), Chinathe Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou (201604020062), China+1 种基金the Innovation Team Construction Project of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of Guangdong Province (2016LM1100), Chinathe Overseas Joint Doctoral Training Program of South China Agricultural University (2018LHPY010), China
文摘Rice-duck co-culture is an integrated farming technology that benefits rice production, grain quality, and ecological sustainability in paddy fields. However, little is known about the effects of rice-duck co-culture on enzyme activity involved in the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), the volatile that gives fragrant rice its' distinctive and sought-after aroma. The present study aimed to examine the influence of rice-duck co-culture on the photosynthesis, yield, grain quality, rice aroma, and the enzymes involved in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis in the cultivar Meixiangzhan 2 during the early and late rice growing seasons of 2016 in Guangzhou, China. We compared the rice grown in paddy fields with and without ducks. We found that rice-duck co-culture not only improved the yield and quality of fragrant rice grain, but also promoted the precursors of 2-AP biosynthesis formation and 2-AP accumulation in the grain. Grain 2-AP content in rice-duck co-culture was noticeably increased with 9.60% and 20.81% in early and late seasons, respectively. Proline and pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C) (precursors of 2-AP biosynthesis) and the activity of enzymes such as proline dehydrogenase (ProDH), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) and Δ1 pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase (P5CS) were all improved by 10.15%–12.99%, 32.91%–47.75%, 17.81%–26.71%, 6.25%–21.78%, and 10.58%–38.87% under rice-duck co-culture in both seasons, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that rice-duck co-culture is an environmentally-friendly and sustainable approach to improving rice aroma and grain quality of fragrant rice.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0301400)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(266620202KPY014)。
文摘The rice-crayfish farming model has been rapidly developed and become an economically viable method to supply food in China in recent years.However,its environmental and economic sustainability has not been thoroughly investigated.This study uses a survey in 2016 and a field experiment in 2017 in Qianjiang,Hubei Province,China to assess the relative economics of concurrent rice-wheat(RW),rice-crayfish(RC),and crayfish monoculture(CM)models in waterlogged land areas.Thefield survey indicated that the RC model had a higher benefit-cost ratio(3.5:1)than the RW(2.0:1)and CM(3.1:1)models and the RC model protected farmers’enthusiasm for grain production facing unfavourable weather conditions.The field experiment aimed to explore nitrogen management strategies in RC fields.In the experiment,four levels of nitrogen concentration gradient-0 kg N ha^(-1)(0 N),75 kg N ha^(-1)(75 N),150 kg N ha^(-1)(150 N)and 225 kg N ha^(-1)(225 N),were set in a 2-year-old rice-crayfish(RC2)field,an 8-year-old rice-crayfish(RC8)field,and a RWfield as a control.Thefield experiment results suggested that the peak rice yield in RW,RC2,and RC8 occurred when 225 N,150 N and 75 N were used,respectively.In RC2 and RC8,however,residual feed-nitrogen that was not used by crayfish was utilized by rice plants.Thus,an optimal amount of nitrogen in RCfields was proposed to improve the nitrogen use efficiency and reduce environmental pollution by nitrogen fertilizer.Farmers use less nitrogen but have higher net income in RC than in RW and CM.It is necessary to sustainably develop integrated farming technologies(i.e.,properfield configurations for ricefields)to effectively sustain rice production.The results also showed that the RC farming model was a viable diversification option for rice farmers in waterlogged land.
文摘Masa is a cereal based snack made from rice, maize or millet. It is popularly consumed in the northern regions of Nigeria. The objective of this work was to assess the nutritional and sensory properties of the rice-Masa, enriched with soybean and crayfish. The enriched rice-Masa produced were labelled sample A (100% rice), sample B (rice: soybean blend (80:20), sample C (rice: crayfish blend (80:20) and sample D (rice: soybean: crayfish (80:10:10). The proximate and mineral composition was evaluated according to standard methods. Anti-nutrient content was also determined. Sensory evaluation was carried out to assess the acceptability of the enriched rice-Masa. The chemical analysis showed that protein, fibre, iron, zinc and vitamin A and beta carotene contents were highest in sample D with values 8.35 (±0.08) g/100g, 1.08 (±0.02) g/100g, 2.82 (±0.03) mg/100g, 4.20 (±0.03) mg/100g, 602.3 (±1.28) μg/100g and 420.2 (±0.98) μg/100g respectively, while calcium was highest in sample C with a value of 27.34 (±0.06) mg/100g. Moisture and ash contents increased from 47.4 (±0.50) g/100g to 50.9 (±0.80) g/100g and 0.40 (±0.01) g/100g to 1.15 (±0.01) g/100g respectively, while carbohydrate and energy contents decreased from 28.1 (±0.03) g/100g to 21.9 (±0.04) g/100g and 308.42 kcal/100g to 285.64 kcal/100g respectively. The sensory evaluation showed that with regards to taste, aroma, texture and overall acceptability, the sample enriched with soybean was more preferred to that enriched with crayfish, or a combination of both. Enrichment of Masa could contribute to improvement of nutritional status if promoted as a nutritious, healthy indigenous snack not only where Masa is already widely consumed, but also in other parts of Nigeria where it has not found wide acceptance.
文摘Taking Hubei Province as an example,starting with the present situation and existing problems of grain production,this paper expounds the great significance of"crayfish-rice continuous cropping"model in improving grain quality,and analyzes the beneficial influence of"crayfish-rice continuous cropping"on grain production and the difficulties it faces.This paper also puts forward some measures and suggestions for the further popularization of"crayfish-rice continuous cropping"in order to maintain food security.
