Direct liquid fuel cells(DLFCs)are proposed to address the problems of high cost and complex storage and transportation of hydrogen in traditional hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cells.However,present fu...Direct liquid fuel cells(DLFCs)are proposed to address the problems of high cost and complex storage and transportation of hydrogen in traditional hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cells.However,present fuels of organic small molecules used in DLFCs are restricted to problems of sluggish electrochemical kinetics and easily poisoning of precious metal catalysts.Herein,we demonstrate reduced phosphotungstic acid as a liquid fuel for DLFCs based on its advantages of high chemical and electrochemical stability,high electrochemical activity on common carbon material electrodes,and low permeability through proton exchange membranes.The application of phosphotungstic acid fuel effectively solves the problems of high cost of anode catalysts and serious fuel permeation loss in traditional DLFCs.A phosphotungstic acid fuel cell achieves a peak power density of466 mW cm^(-2)at a cell voltage of 0.42 V and good stability at current densities in the range from 20 to 200 mA cm^(-2).展开更多
应用自行开发的柴油机瞬态工况测控系统,研究了GTL(Gas to liquid)添加比例对小型直喷式柴油机稳态及恒转速增转矩瞬态工况下燃烧特性的影响规律。结果表明:在稳态和恒转速增转矩瞬态工况下,GTL添加比例对燃烧参数的影响具有基本相同的...应用自行开发的柴油机瞬态工况测控系统,研究了GTL(Gas to liquid)添加比例对小型直喷式柴油机稳态及恒转速增转矩瞬态工况下燃烧特性的影响规律。结果表明:在稳态和恒转速增转矩瞬态工况下,GTL添加比例对燃烧参数的影响具有基本相同的规律,随着GTL燃料添加比例的增加,着火始点提前,滞燃期缩短,预混合燃烧期和预混合燃烧量减小,缸内压力峰值、放热率峰值、燃烧温度有所降低,有利于降低NOx的排放量和燃烧噪声。当添加少量GTL燃料时,燃烧持续期延长,随着GTL添加比例的增加,燃烧持续期有所缩短。100%GTL燃料的燃烧持续期与柴油相当。展开更多
The prices of fossil fuels,the gap between energy supply and demand,energy security,environmental issues,and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions commonly promote the development of biomass power generation in Ch...The prices of fossil fuels,the gap between energy supply and demand,energy security,environmental issues,and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions commonly promote the development of biomass power generation in China.Compared to direct biomass combustion power generation and biogas power generation,liquid biofuel power generation has better application potential.Policies and finance environment of countries and organizations have promoted the extensive application of biofuel power generation in recent years,especially in China.Evaluation of internal combustion engine,gas turbine and fuel cell on the stationary power station and mobile generation shows that gas turbine is the main generator-set,the fuel cell is the fastest-growing and future generator-set,while the engine is the first choice in transport and low power generation field.As the second,third and fourth generation biofuels,biomethanol,bioethanol,biodiesel and others have been researched and widely used in power generation.In addition,power generation performance and emissions have been improved to some extent after biofuels supplying.For the future,combined heat and power(CHP)generation and integrated gasification combined cycle(IGCC)is imperative development trends of power generation for higher energy and exergy efficiency.CHP based on the various generating facilities will be the next choice and direction of energy use trends for transport.展开更多
基金financialy supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB1502303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21722601,U19A2017)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M660389)。
文摘Direct liquid fuel cells(DLFCs)are proposed to address the problems of high cost and complex storage and transportation of hydrogen in traditional hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cells.However,present fuels of organic small molecules used in DLFCs are restricted to problems of sluggish electrochemical kinetics and easily poisoning of precious metal catalysts.Herein,we demonstrate reduced phosphotungstic acid as a liquid fuel for DLFCs based on its advantages of high chemical and electrochemical stability,high electrochemical activity on common carbon material electrodes,and low permeability through proton exchange membranes.The application of phosphotungstic acid fuel effectively solves the problems of high cost of anode catalysts and serious fuel permeation loss in traditional DLFCs.A phosphotungstic acid fuel cell achieves a peak power density of466 mW cm^(-2)at a cell voltage of 0.42 V and good stability at current densities in the range from 20 to 200 mA cm^(-2).
文摘应用自行开发的柴油机瞬态工况测控系统,研究了GTL(Gas to liquid)添加比例对小型直喷式柴油机稳态及恒转速增转矩瞬态工况下燃烧特性的影响规律。结果表明:在稳态和恒转速增转矩瞬态工况下,GTL添加比例对燃烧参数的影响具有基本相同的规律,随着GTL燃料添加比例的增加,着火始点提前,滞燃期缩短,预混合燃烧期和预混合燃烧量减小,缸内压力峰值、放热率峰值、燃烧温度有所降低,有利于降低NOx的排放量和燃烧噪声。当添加少量GTL燃料时,燃烧持续期延长,随着GTL添加比例的增加,燃烧持续期有所缩短。100%GTL燃料的燃烧持续期与柴油相当。
基金supported by Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi (program no. 2021TD-28)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2019ZDLGY15-07)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2020JQ-385)
文摘The prices of fossil fuels,the gap between energy supply and demand,energy security,environmental issues,and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions commonly promote the development of biomass power generation in China.Compared to direct biomass combustion power generation and biogas power generation,liquid biofuel power generation has better application potential.Policies and finance environment of countries and organizations have promoted the extensive application of biofuel power generation in recent years,especially in China.Evaluation of internal combustion engine,gas turbine and fuel cell on the stationary power station and mobile generation shows that gas turbine is the main generator-set,the fuel cell is the fastest-growing and future generator-set,while the engine is the first choice in transport and low power generation field.As the second,third and fourth generation biofuels,biomethanol,bioethanol,biodiesel and others have been researched and widely used in power generation.In addition,power generation performance and emissions have been improved to some extent after biofuels supplying.For the future,combined heat and power(CHP)generation and integrated gasification combined cycle(IGCC)is imperative development trends of power generation for higher energy and exergy efficiency.CHP based on the various generating facilities will be the next choice and direction of energy use trends for transport.
