A series of 2\|nitro\|5,10,15,20\|tetra(4\|methoxyphenyl) porphyrinato metals were regioselectively synthesized with nitrate salts as nitrating reagent in acetic acid/acetic anhydride for preparation of 2\|substituted...A series of 2\|nitro\|5,10,15,20\|tetra(4\|methoxyphenyl) porphyrinato metals were regioselectively synthesized with nitrate salts as nitrating reagent in acetic acid/acetic anhydride for preparation of 2\|substituted porphyrin. The influence of nitrate salts and complex metal ion to the reaction were investigated. The extent of 2\|nitration increased with the electronegativity of the central metal. When Cu(NO 3 ) 2 · 3H 2O was used as nitrating reagent, almost quantitative yields of 2\|nitro porphyrin were obtained in the case of Cu(Ⅱ) or Ni(Ⅱ) chelates, while Zn(Ⅱ) or Mn(Ⅲ) chelates gave 50% and 30% yields respectively. If Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ·10H 2 O was used as nitrating agent, no product was found for Cu(Ⅱ) or Ni(Ⅱ) chelates, 12% was found for Zn(Ⅱ) chelates. The other metal ion and nitrate salts were also found in quite different influence.展开更多
Ultrasonically assisted nitration reactions (USANR) with anilides, moderately activated and non-activated aromatic compounds underwent smoothly and afforded good yields of products with high regio selectivity. Observe...Ultrasonically assisted nitration reactions (USANR) with anilides, moderately activated and non-activated aromatic compounds underwent smoothly and afforded good yields of products with high regio selectivity. Observed longer reaction times (6 - 8 hrs.) in metal catalyzed reactions reduced to (1 - 2 hrs.) under sonication. When ortho position is blocked para derivatives are obtained, and ortho nitro products are obtained when para position is blocked. In case of USANR of aromatic carbonyl and related compounds the effect of sonication is much more effective. The reactions could be completed only in few minutes.展开更多
Field experiments were conducted on three main soils, brown soil, meadow soil and cinnamon soil, of Shandong Province to study the effect of plastic greenhouse gardening on soil salt contents. As compared to the open ...Field experiments were conducted on three main soils, brown soil, meadow soil and cinnamon soil, of Shandong Province to study the effect of plastic greenhouse gardening on soil salt contents. As compared to the open fields, the soil nutrient contents in the fields under plastic greenhouse gardening all increased significantly. The organic matter, quickly available N and P increases were extremely significant and the quickly available K increase was also significant. Along with the nutrient increases the soil salt contents increased clearly in all the soils investigated not only in the top layer but also in the deeper layers, being extremely significant in the 0～10 cm layer and significant in the 10～40 cm layers. The salt contents in the plastic greenhouses had significant correlations with the soil available nitrogen and phosphorous. Soils with longer plastic greenhouse gardening time tended to have more salt. The plastic greenhouse soils contained less CO-3～(2-) and much more NO-3 than the open soils, which indicated a higher influence of human intervention in plastic greenhouses. Among the constituent ions, Cl～(-), NO-3～(-) , Ca～(2+) and Mg～(2+) had positive while HCO-3～(-) had negative significant or extremely significant correlations with total salt, with correlation coefficients being 0.66*, 0.80**, 0.92**, 0.80** and -0.64* , respectively. Nitrate decreased from the top to deeper layers both in the plastic greenhouses and in the open fields. The plastic greenhouse soils contained much more nitrate than the open fields in every layer and even the nitrate contents of the 80～l00 cm layer were still several times those of the top layer in the open fields. The main reason for the salt increases was considered to be the inappropriate fertilization and selective absorption of nutrients by plants in the plastic greenhouses. The methods recommended to avoid soil salt increase in the plastic greenhouses were to apply fertilizers rationally according to the soils, vegetables and fertilizer properties and to adopt a good intercropping or rotation system.展开更多
This study aimed to compare the efficacy of four formulations of plant-based functional foods on the protection against salt-induced endothelial dysfunction.A randomized crossover design was employed.Ten healthy subje...This study aimed to compare the efficacy of four formulations of plant-based functional foods on the protection against salt-induced endothelial dysfunction.A randomized crossover design was employed.Ten healthy subjects were recruited,and on five separate occasions they received,in random sequence one of the following 5 treatments:250 mL of plain water(control)alone,and with beetroot powder,celery powder,green tea extract or beetroot powder with green tea extract prior to consuming 150 mL of high-salt chicken broth.Flow-mediated dilation(FMD),blood pressure(BP),heart rate(HR)and pulse-wave velocity(PWV)were measured at fasting and at 30,60,90 and 120 min postprandial.Comparing with control,beetroot supplementation led to a significantly increased HR at 30,60 and 90 min postprandially(P=0.025,0.004,<0.001,respectively).No significant difference was observed for FMD,BP and PWV between control and any of the treatments.Salt reduction may still be the most effective strategy to improve vascular health.展开更多
Molecular dynamics simulation method was used to study the influence of NO2^- on both the structure and properties of the binary nitrate salts(60 wt.% NaNO3 + 40 wt.% KNO3). The density and viscosity of the mixtures w...Molecular dynamics simulation method was used to study the influence of NO2^- on both the structure and properties of the binary nitrate salts(60 wt.% NaNO3 + 40 wt.% KNO3). The density and viscosity of the mixtures were experimentally measured and the simulation results met well with the experimental ones. The simulation results showed that, with the addition of NO2^-, the ionic clusters tended to loose and the mobilities of all the ions tended to increase. The density, viscosity, and heat capacity decreased while the thermal conductivity increased with the increase of NO2^- concentration. The correlation between the microscopic structure and physical properties of the mixtures were discussed and revealed.展开更多
文摘A series of 2\|nitro\|5,10,15,20\|tetra(4\|methoxyphenyl) porphyrinato metals were regioselectively synthesized with nitrate salts as nitrating reagent in acetic acid/acetic anhydride for preparation of 2\|substituted porphyrin. The influence of nitrate salts and complex metal ion to the reaction were investigated. The extent of 2\|nitration increased with the electronegativity of the central metal. When Cu(NO 3 ) 2 · 3H 2O was used as nitrating reagent, almost quantitative yields of 2\|nitro porphyrin were obtained in the case of Cu(Ⅱ) or Ni(Ⅱ) chelates, while Zn(Ⅱ) or Mn(Ⅲ) chelates gave 50% and 30% yields respectively. If Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ·10H 2 O was used as nitrating agent, no product was found for Cu(Ⅱ) or Ni(Ⅱ) chelates, 12% was found for Zn(Ⅱ) chelates. The other metal ion and nitrate salts were also found in quite different influence.
文摘Ultrasonically assisted nitration reactions (USANR) with anilides, moderately activated and non-activated aromatic compounds underwent smoothly and afforded good yields of products with high regio selectivity. Observed longer reaction times (6 - 8 hrs.) in metal catalyzed reactions reduced to (1 - 2 hrs.) under sonication. When ortho position is blocked para derivatives are obtained, and ortho nitro products are obtained when para position is blocked. In case of USANR of aromatic carbonyl and related compounds the effect of sonication is much more effective. The reactions could be completed only in few minutes.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China.
文摘Field experiments were conducted on three main soils, brown soil, meadow soil and cinnamon soil, of Shandong Province to study the effect of plastic greenhouse gardening on soil salt contents. As compared to the open fields, the soil nutrient contents in the fields under plastic greenhouse gardening all increased significantly. The organic matter, quickly available N and P increases were extremely significant and the quickly available K increase was also significant. Along with the nutrient increases the soil salt contents increased clearly in all the soils investigated not only in the top layer but also in the deeper layers, being extremely significant in the 0～10 cm layer and significant in the 10～40 cm layers. The salt contents in the plastic greenhouses had significant correlations with the soil available nitrogen and phosphorous. Soils with longer plastic greenhouse gardening time tended to have more salt. The plastic greenhouse soils contained less CO-3～(2-) and much more NO-3 than the open soils, which indicated a higher influence of human intervention in plastic greenhouses. Among the constituent ions, Cl～(-), NO-3～(-) , Ca～(2+) and Mg～(2+) had positive while HCO-3～(-) had negative significant or extremely significant correlations with total salt, with correlation coefficients being 0.66*, 0.80**, 0.92**, 0.80** and -0.64* , respectively. Nitrate decreased from the top to deeper layers both in the plastic greenhouses and in the open fields. The plastic greenhouse soils contained much more nitrate than the open fields in every layer and even the nitrate contents of the 80～l00 cm layer were still several times those of the top layer in the open fields. The main reason for the salt increases was considered to be the inappropriate fertilization and selective absorption of nutrients by plants in the plastic greenhouses. The methods recommended to avoid soil salt increase in the plastic greenhouses were to apply fertilizers rationally according to the soils, vegetables and fertilizer properties and to adopt a good intercropping or rotation system.
基金funded by the Seed Funding for Translational and Applied Research,University Grants Council,The University of Hong Kong(Ref:201611160038)。
文摘This study aimed to compare the efficacy of four formulations of plant-based functional foods on the protection against salt-induced endothelial dysfunction.A randomized crossover design was employed.Ten healthy subjects were recruited,and on five separate occasions they received,in random sequence one of the following 5 treatments:250 mL of plain water(control)alone,and with beetroot powder,celery powder,green tea extract or beetroot powder with green tea extract prior to consuming 150 mL of high-salt chicken broth.Flow-mediated dilation(FMD),blood pressure(BP),heart rate(HR)and pulse-wave velocity(PWV)were measured at fasting and at 30,60,90 and 120 min postprandial.Comparing with control,beetroot supplementation led to a significantly increased HR at 30,60 and 90 min postprandially(P=0.025,0.004,<0.001,respectively).No significant difference was observed for FMD,BP and PWV between control and any of the treatments.Salt reduction may still be the most effective strategy to improve vascular health.
基金This project is supported by Grant 51774144 and U1407126 from the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaGrant 2018YFC1903803 from the National Key R&D Program of ChinaThe following local government funding also supported this project:Grant 2017-ZJ-727 and 2018-ZJ-738 from Applied basic research of Qinghai Province,Grant 2015-GX-Q19A from Capacity Building of Qinghai Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Molecular dynamics simulation method was used to study the influence of NO2^- on both the structure and properties of the binary nitrate salts(60 wt.% NaNO3 + 40 wt.% KNO3). The density and viscosity of the mixtures were experimentally measured and the simulation results met well with the experimental ones. The simulation results showed that, with the addition of NO2^-, the ionic clusters tended to loose and the mobilities of all the ions tended to increase. The density, viscosity, and heat capacity decreased while the thermal conductivity increased with the increase of NO2^- concentration. The correlation between the microscopic structure and physical properties of the mixtures were discussed and revealed.
