An Investigation on Open-RAN Specifications:Use Cases,Security Threats,Requirements,Discussions

The emergence of various technologies such as terahertz communications,Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces(RIS),and AI-powered communication services will burden network operators with rising infrastructure costs.Recently,the Open Radio Access Network(O-RAN)has been introduced as a solution for growing financial and operational burdens in Beyond 5G(B5G)and 6G networks.O-RAN promotes openness and intelligence to overcome the limitations of traditional RANs.By disaggregating conventional Base Band Units(BBUs)into O-RAN Distributed Units(O-DU)and O-RAN Centralized Units(O-CU),O-RAN offers greater flexibility for upgrades and network automation.However,this openness introduces new security challenges compared to traditional RANs.Many existing studies overlook these security requirements of the O-RAN networks.To gain deeper insights into the O-RAN system and security,this paper first provides an overview of the general O-RAN architecture and its diverse use cases relevant to B5G and 6G applications.We then delve into specifications of O-RAN security threats and requirements,aiming to mitigate security vulnerabilities effectively.By providing a comprehensive understanding of O-RAN architecture,use cases,and security considerations,thisworkserves as a valuable resource for future research in O-RAN and its security.

Discussion on the Effective Use of Error Resources in Primary School Mathematics

course.With students’high thinking ability,they are faced with many problems and challenges.In this process,the teaching mode of teachers is too traditional.In class,teachers always give endless lectures,so that students have little time for independent thinking and inquiry learning.At the same time,teachers pay too much attention to the use of“correct resources”in the teaching process,but ignore the use of“wrong resources”and the use of value.The long-term continuation of this teaching mode will reduce the enthusiasm and initiative of primary school students in mathematics learning,and learning is very bad for students.Therefore,teachers should pay attention to the correct use of“wrong resources”,and make effective use of these resources for classroom teaching,in order to improve students’learning enthusiasm and the cultivation of inquiry ability.

Current Situation and Discussion of “Going Abroad” in Higher Vocational Colleges Under the Background of the Belt and Road Initiative

The Belt and Road Initiative has brought unprecedented development opportunities for domestic higher vocational colleges to“go abroad,”but it has also brought severe challenges.Driven by the Belt and Road Initiative,the development of higher vocational colleges“going abroad”has been confronted with a series of challenges,including the imperfect connection of policies,the lack of internal funds,as well as international standards,which are important factors affecting their development.Therefore,it is necessary to start from three aspects,which are policy guarantee,financing,and docking international standards.Through in-depth study of“going abroad”with tthe Belt and Road Initiative,we can effectively reduce the adverse impact of“going abroad”and provide a better and more innovative development environment for higher vocational colleges.

Discussion on Problem of Fermentation Contamination of Heterotrophic Chlorella

The contamination reasons were analyzed form the viewpoints of strain preparation, air system, medium and equipment sterilization and pipeline configura- tion. Moreover, the contamination-preventing measures were defined. We also sum- marized the characteristics of bacteria that contaminated the fermentation, as well as checking methods and remedial measures.

Discussion on New Rural Appearance Construction Based on Color Planning

With changing rural architectural environment as the focus of new rural construction, the paper had pointed out it was lack of researches on color planning of overall structures in new countryside. On this basis, by making use of relevant softwares, it had conducted color abstraction on current typical rural appearance; analyzed the color of rural nature, artificial environment and cultural environment in accordance with international standard of Natural Color System; and then concluded color context of rural appearance. It proposed that color control could be conducted on rural appearance from macroscopic, medium and microcosmic perspective by taking advantage of color planning in new rural appearance construction, so as to build a new rural color system, create modern new rural appearance reflecting regional characteristic and integrating with the natural environment, preserve artificial color of traditional ancient villages, coordinate colors in villages with architectures of different ages, finally realizing reshaping of Chinese people's spiritual hometown.

Discussion on Development of Hainan Huanghuali(Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen)

On the morphological characteristics, growth environment and quality, rarity, and wood characteristics and value of Huanghuali, this paper discusses the development ways of Hainan Huanghuali It is suggested that Halnan Huanghuali could be well grown by guiding farmers to make full use of wasteland, slopes, scattered land, roadside and other resources; the landscaping greenbelt of the courtyard area and the residential area could be planned with nature as a main consideration for planting Huanghuali; and landscaping-type Huanghuali planting could make full use of local environment and surrounding local resources, highlighting the personalized landscaping greenbelt, forming good transition between residential area and urban space and creating a natural kindly living environment for the residents, so as to play the best ecological, social and economic benefits.

Discussion on Wave Transmission Coefficient Formulae of Submerged Breakwaters

Fifteen formulae of wave transmission coefficient for submerged breakwaters obtained during last 3 decades are presented, compared, and analyzed in this paper. The dimensionless parameters mainly involved in this discussion are the relative submerged depth Re/h, relative wave height Rc/Hi, relative rubble size B/D50, relative breakwater width B√ HiL0 and wave breaker index ξ. It indicates that there exist notable differences among the computed results, which mainly originate from the limited experimental conditions and different analytical methods, even though the major tendency keeps similar. It is necessary to conduct more systematic studies to obtain better understanding about the mechanism of wave transmission over submerged breakwaters.

A Glimpse of Interactional Strategies Used in Group Discussion in the EFL Context

On the basis of literature review,this paper discusses what interactional strategies are in group discussions conducted in the EFL classroom.Two frameworks for interactional strategies are investigated to explore the types of interactional strategies.This aims to shed light upon the analysis of interactional features in face-to-face communication.

Discussion of Meridional Propagation Mechanism of Quasi-40-Day Oscillation

Based on researches made by the author in recent years, discussion is made of the quasi-40-day oscillation (QDO) nature and its characteristic propagation, with emphasis on the Southern Hemisphere mill-latitude quasi-periodic cold air forcing on the tropical atmosphere quasi-40-day oscillation along with its effect upon the Northern Hemisphere summer monsoon. It is proposed that the interaction between, or lateral coupling of, meridional circulation systems may serve as the mechanism of the oscillation propagation in a meridional direction.

Group Discussion to be Introduced to the EFL Classroom

Teacher_centered classroom teaching makes students to be passivereceiversandunabletouseEnglishasaneffectivetool.ThispaperfocusesonusingdiscussioninEFLclassroomandintroducesthepractisingmethodsofeachstepindetail.ThepaperexpectstofindanewandmoreeffectivepatternthroughanalysisandargumentationtomakestudentsmoreskillfulinusingEnglishanddevelopabetterhabitinclassroomteachingactivities.

Practices of and Discussion on Village Planning:A Case Study of Planning of Hexi Village,Chini Town,Huadu District,Guangzhou City in China

In view of the planning practices of Hexi Village,Chini Town,Huadu District,Guangzhou City,general situation of the village was introduced,"ecological, convenient,high-efficiency,sharable"were taken as principles for the village planning.The village planning was elaborated from 4 perspectives:coordination between town planning and village planning,comprehensive village planning,renovation of old village,construction planning of new village.The implementation projects were summarized to discuss village planning.And it was proposed that the village planning should use construction land intensively and demonstrate regional characteristics.

Dynamic Problems of the Planets and Asteroids, and Their Discussion

The problems of dynamics of celestial bodies are considered which in the literature are explained by instability and randomness of movements. The dynamics of planets orbits on an interval 100 million years was investigated by new numerical method and its stability is established. The same method is used for computing movements of two asteroids Apophis and 1950DA. The evolution of their movement on an interval of 1000 is investigated. The moments of their closest passages at the Earth are defined. The different ways of transformation of asteroids trajectories into orbits of the Earth’s satellites are considered. The problems of interest are discussed from the different points of view.

现代毒理学-Journal Club和Progress Discussion教学方法的应用

现代毒理学课程是针对劳动卫生与环境卫生学专业研究生开设的选修课,我们在研究生的培养中,持续三年采用Journal Club和Progress Discussion教学模式,重点培养研究生查阅文献、获取高质量信息和展示科研成果等能力,激发学生创新思维。实践结果表明,Journal Club和Progress Discussion联合的教学方法能有效提升研究生培养质量。

How to Improve the Efficiency of Group Discussion in the English Writing Class

In this paper,we mainly discuss how to improve the efficiency of group discussion in the English writing class.In the English writing class,most teachers take the traditional teaching method-presentation,practice and product.To get a better teaching result,some teachers use the group discussion method.Under the facade of heated group discussion,we ask these questions:Does the group discussion really work? How can we improve its efficiency? We hope to find some ways to maximize the efficiency of group discussion in the English writing class and get a better result in English writing.

A Brief Discussion about the Creating and Portraying of Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in the Rye

The Catcher in the Rye,J.D. Salinger's first long fiction,was one of his most famous and successful works. It not only influenced American novels written afterwards,for example,Evan Hunter's Last Summer,Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar,but also influenced the American society. Take the American film industry which was so good at chasing the audience's interest for a typical example:a large numebr of movies,such as Rebel Without A Cause,American Graffiti,Dirty Dancing,The graduate,and so on:they wouldn't have been filmed like that if The Catcher in the Rye didn't go front as a model. Then,can we really find any big differences between the anxiety ex-pressed by Holden and that by the music and words of Jewel,the Green Day,and the Smashing Pumpkins?

Study on the Quality of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Discussion on the Problems

In this paper,the study on the quality of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine and its existing problems are discussed,which mainly include the research techniques and research thoughts of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine,and the problems in its research progress,at the same time,the causes for the quality problems of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine are analyzed,and the solutions for the problems are put forward. The quality research of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine should refer to traditional Chinese medicine,then inherit,carry forward and innovate it based on the modern research. Solving the problems in the development of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine and putting forward the thinkings conforming to the development of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine using advanced instruments and devices as well as science and technology are urgent affairs.

Panel discussion on Disp cher Training Simulator-A summary

On the“International Conference on Power SystemTechnology,1991”,a panel discussion on Dis-patcher Training Simulator(DTS)was held.Since DTS is a very in-teresting topic both in China and abroad,not only many audienceswere attracted by this panel discussion,they also raised many inter-esting questions and discussed with the panelists.Highlights of thefour papers presented by panelists as well as their related discus-sions are summarized below.

Discussion on the TCM Treatment of Hypertension from Pathogenetic Viewpoints of Modern Medicine

The ideal hypotensive agent should possess three essentials, i.e. to depress the blood pressure surely and steadily, and to block the renin-angio-tensin system (RAS)(1). Currently, Western medical treatment could depress the blood pressure rapidly and surely through reducing blood volume and dilating blood vessels, while traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) shows its superiorities in al-

Reply to ‘Calculation of depth to detachment and its significance in the Kuqa Depression:A discussion’

This paper mainly replies to the discussion by Li et al （2009） on the calculation of the detachment depths in the Kuqa Depression. We think that viscous material flowing into or out of the cross section can affect the validity of the calculation method, yet the number of detachment levels does not bring any drawbacks to the calculation. In the Kuqa Depression, the salt flow influenced the structural deformation to some extent, and affected slightly the accuracy of the calculated depths of the true detachment levels. However, it does not mean that the calculation method loses effectiveness in the study area. Therefore, the calculation results are still relatively believable.