Astronomical influence of the development of Paleogene thin coal seam groups in offshore Lacustrine basins:A case study of the ZhuⅠDepression's Enping Formation located in the northern South China Sea

The development of the Paleogene coal seams in China's offshore basin areas generally had the characteristics of coal measures with large thicknesses,large numbers of coal seams,thin single coal seams,poor stability,scattered vertical distribution,and a wide distribution range.This study selected the Enping Formation of the ZhuⅠDepression in the northern section of the South China Sea as an example to determine the macro-control factors of the development of the Paleogene coal seam groups.An analysis was carried out on the influencing effects and patterns of the astronomical cycles related to the development of the thin coal seam groups in the region.A floating astronomical time scale of the Enping Formation was established,and the sedimentary time limit of the Enping Formation was determined to be approximately 6.15 Ma±.In addition,the cyclostratigraphy analysis results of the natural gamma-ray data of Well XJ in the Enping Formation of the Xijiang Sag revealed that the development of the thin coal seams had probably been affected by short eccentricity and precession factors.The formation process of coal seams was determined to have been affected by high seasonal contrast,precipitation,and insolation.During the periods with high values of short eccentricity,the seasonal contrasts tended to be high.During those periods,fluctuations in the precession controls resulted in periodic volume changes in precipitation and insolation of the region,resulting in the development of thin coal seams.It was also found that the periods with low precession were the most conducive to coal seam development.On that basis,combined with such factors as sedimentary environmental conditions conducive to the development of thin coal seam groups,this study established a theoretical model of the comprehensive influences of short eccentricity and precession on the development and distribution of Paleogene thin coal seam groups in offshore lacustrine basins.The patterns of the Paleogene astronomical periods and paleoclimate evolution,along with the control factors which impacted the development of thin coal seam groups in offshore lacustrine basins,were revealed.

Beijing Star River:An Elegant-Distinguished Pet Stone(International Marketing Masters Make Marketings for Beijing Star River)

Star River(or Star Bay), an elite works of Hong Yu Group, is located in Sijixinghe Road, Chaoyang Beilu,Beijing. It is a distinguished residence area, occupyingland of 300 thousand sq. meters. The north side is a for-est garden with 1600 or more mu, the eastern side is agreen belt with 2000-more mu.With an investment of RMB1.5 billion, Beijing StarRiver provides a beautiful landscape and high-qualityresidence. In order to realize a high harmony of con-struction and environment, Beijing Star River has in-vested millions into environmental construction.Star River has won a reputation of Detailed Qualityby Milton Kotler, a world famous marketing master. "Iwould start marketing the apartments in Los Angles, inNew York city, in Chicago, London, " Milton said.One day in September, brothers Kotler(Milton Kotlerand Philip Kotler), world famous marketing masters wereinvited to Star River as noble guests. Their praise forStar River were so high that people would prefer to takeit as an artistic job rather than a residence.

Effects of acid drainage from abandoned coal mines on the microbial community of Shandi River sediment,Shanxi Province

The discharge of acid mine drainage from abandoned high sulfur(S)coal mines has caused serious pollution in the Shandi River,Yangquan,Shanxi Province.To determine the impact of long-term acid mine drainage on the microorganisms in the river,we collected river sediments from a polluted tributary(Group P)and the mainstream of Shandi River(Group R)to study the bacterial diversity and community composition.The results showed that the tributary was seriously polluted by acid drainage from abandoned coal mines,with the pH value of the sediment being<2.5,resulting in the low bacterial richness and diversity of the tributary samples.Acidophillic Fe-and S-metabolizing bacteria,such as Metallibacterium,Acidiphilium,and Acidithiobacillus,were the dominant genera in Group P samples,while the Group R was dominated by the neutral anaerobic iron-reducing bacteria Geothrix and Geobacter.Results of principal co-ordinates analysis(PCoA)revealed that the bacterial communities are significantly different between groups P and R,and the significant different species were mainly attributed to phylum Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,and Acidobacteria.The distribution of the microbial community is mainly influenced by pH,and the Fe and Cd concentrations.Metallicactrium,the dominant genus,is negatively correlated with pH(R^(2)=-0.95)and positively correlated with Fe(R^(2)=0.99),while Geothrix and Geobacter,are mainly affected by the heavy metals.This study determined the impact of river pollution caused by abandoned coal mine drainage,especially on the microbial diversity and community composition within the river sediment.

Characteristics of water contamination in abandoned coal mines:a case study on Yudong River area,Kaili,Guizhou Province,China

The seasonal and spatial changes in the chemical composition of the water in abandoned mine drainages and rivers in Yudong River area in the years of 2017-2018 were analyzed.The effects of mine water drainage on the seasonality and physicochemical properties of the river water after mine closure were evaluated,and the feasibility of irrigation using river water and the degree of pollution to farmland were assessed using the Water Quality Standard for Farmland Irrigation.The results show that the mine water has low pH value(<3.5-4)and high levels of total hardness,SO_(4)^(2−),Fe,Al,and Zn.In addition,the pH of the mine water is negatively correlated with the presence of other metal ions.The correlation coefficient between the chemical oxygen demand(COD)and Fe reached 0.989.While the pollution levels of Pinglu and Baishui rivers were low,the confluence region of the two rivers was seriously polluted.However,only the levels of Fe and Cd slightly exceeded the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard after the confluence of Yudong and Chongan rivers.Overall,the heavy pollution type of the confluent river is consistent with mine water pollution.The water quality is slightly better in the dry season compared than in the high-water period.Sulfate and Fe content decreased by 39 and 16 mg/L,respectively,and Cd content decreased two-fold.Despite these findings,this study shows that from 2017 to 2018,the pH and Cd content of the rivers at the confluence exceeded the irrigation limit and the water quality continued to deteriorate,which may pose a soil contamination risk.Long-term use of the river for irrigation water may cause toxic elements such as Cd,Fe,Mn,SO_(4)^(2−),Al,and F-to enter the food chain,thereby endangering the life and health of villagers in Yudong River area.

Mechanical Property and Microstructure of Alkali-activated Yellow River Sediment-Coal Slime Ash Composites

This work focuses on the production of a new composite material using Yellow River sediment and coal slime ash via alkali-activating method. XRD, FTIR and SEM/EDS were used to characterize the alkali-activated products and microstructure of the composite material. Compressive strength was tested to characterize the mechanical property of the composite material. It is found that the compressive strength of the Yellow River sediment-coal slime ash composites increases as the added Ca（OH）_2 content grows. The compressive strength increases fast in the early stage but slowly after 28 days. The strength of the composites can be significantly improved via the addition of small amount of Na OH and gypsum. The products（C-S-H, ettringite and CaCO_3）, especially C-S-H, make much contribution to the enhancement of strength. The highest strength of the composites can reach 14.4 MPa after 90 days curing with 5% Ca（OH）_2, 0.2% NaOH and 7.5% gypsum. The improved properties of the composites show great potential of utilizing Yellow River sediment for inexpensive construction materials.

An Empirical Study on the Effectiveness of Technology Market Promoting Technological Innovation Capability—Based on panel data in the Yangtze River Delta

Based on panel data such as 2009-2018 R&D expenditures,full-time equivalent of R&D personnel,Number of valid invention patents,and technology market turnover in China's Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,and Anhui provinces(cities),using Griliches-Jaffe knowledge to produce Function,construct Time fixed effects model,conduct empirical research on the main factors affecting the technological innovation capability of the Yangtze River Delta,focusing on the relationship between the technological market and technological innovation capability.The results show that human capital and R&D expenditures have a significant and positive impact on the technological innovation capacity of the Yangtze River Delta.Although the technology market has a positive effect on the scientific and technological innovation capacity of the Yangtze River Delta,the effect is not significant.Propose countermeasures and suggestions to strengthen the influence of the technology market on technological innovation.

黄河流域煤炭开发区地下水污染成因分析及防治建议

[研究目的]黄河流域内由于煤炭资源开发导致地下水污染严重,从整体角度对流域内重点煤炭开发区地下水进行归纳总结,为其可持续健康发展和地下水资源改善提供防治建议。[研究方法]从黄河流域战略地位出发,对地下水污染成因和污染模式进行归纳总结。采用改进后的综合水质指数法对流域内九大煤炭基地的地下水进行水质评价。选用主成分分析法赋权指标,并引入改进的内梅罗污染指数法,按照WPI分级法进行评价。[研究结果]通过对黄河流域各重点断面水质评价,得到目前流域内煤炭基地水质结果中Ⅲ、Ⅳ类占比较多,水质较差。分析成因当前流域内存在高矿化度矿井水、酸性矿井水和含特殊组分矿井水污染,同时阐述污染地下水形成的浅层和深层两种污染模式。[结论]对3种矿井水采用相应防治方法,并提出膏体充填技术和微生物修复技术2种防治技术建议,通过应用实际矿山为例,印证污染防治技术能够改善由煤炭开采引发的流域内地下水污染严重的问题,以期研究结果能够对成功推动中国绿色矿山的快速发展具有参考意义。

黄河流域煤炭-煤电-煤化工场地特征精准智能识别方法及应用

黄河流域是“能源流域”,兼具生态环境治理和经济社会发展的重任,涉煤产业场地类型、数量及特征的精准智能识别是流域能源资源-低碳发展-生态保护的关键基础问题。研究融合多源数据与深度学习算法,从流域-基地-场地尺度对黄河流域13个大型煤电基地的煤基场地特征精准解析,获得煤电基地高精度、高质量的本底信息,提出一种实时实景智能识别涉煤产业空间特征的新方法。(1)筛选Google image、GF-6影像、Sentinel-2影像等多源数据,采集13个大型煤电基地煤基场地样本,构建煤炭场地(露天)、煤炭场地(井工)、煤电场地、煤化工场地4类数据集,涵盖21种样本类型。按照每种样本六面体设定6×10个样本,共计1 260个场地样本,分析得出最适样本数量-最高识别效率-最优识别模型的置信区间为80%~86%。(2)建立了煤基场地类型量化模型(Coal-based Site Classification Quantitative Model, CSCQM)和煤基场地范围特征模型(Coalbased Site Range Characteristic Model, CSRCM),模型平均精准度为0.837。明析了黄河流域涉煤产业场地本底信息,提出Google image底图叠加场地智能识别模型解算结果的高精度场地智能识别方法。(3)解析了流域神东煤炭-煤电产业集聚区精准本底数据,依据遥感生态指数(Remote Sensing Based Ecological Index,IRSE)分析,煤基场地分布2 km核心区地表生态质量受煤炭、煤电产业影响明显,5 km缓冲区则影响不明显,而8 km控制区基本不受煤炭、煤电产业影响,从而给出了“动态修复”与分区域、分阶段重点治理等低碳路径。(4)解析了流域宁东煤炭-煤电-煤化工产业集聚区精准本底数据,2022年煤炭场地17.81 km^(2)、占比34.1%,煤化工场地22.3 km^(2)、占比42.6%,煤电场地12.2 km^(2)、占比23.3%,煤化工场地>煤炭场地>煤电场地。进而采用PSR(Pressure-State-Response)模型得到风险管控综合得分53.93分,较2003年提高了27.2%。划分生态维护区、生产监测预警区、损毁修复重建区、其他调控区的分区管控模式。研究为涉煤产业煤基场地潜在污染控制、场地治理及区域生态修复提供技术方法与实践支撑。

基于上下游市场联动的燃煤电厂两阶段决策模型

随着大宗能源价格大幅波动及新能源上网冲击,作为现阶段不可或缺的燃煤电厂经营举步艰难。对上游燃料采购及仓储成本进行优化管控的同时,对下游电力市场竞价上网进行联动决策,可在一定程度上提高双碳背景下火力发电企业的生存空间。针对上下游市场联动决策周期不一致以及固定发电成本二次曲线无法反映发电成本变动的问题,提出一种基于上下游市场联动的购煤与竞价燃煤电厂两阶段优化决策模型。首先提出燃煤电厂上下游市场的联动模型;其次建立购煤与竞价策略两阶段决策模型,并讨论条件风险价值对决策的影响;最后以燃煤电厂A进行算例分析和两阶段决策模型的有效性验证。算例结果表明,所提两阶段决策模型可以解决上述问题,实现利润最大化。

数字经济与企业垂直专业化分工:基于长三角的经验证据

数字经济与实体经济的结合是企业生产效率提高、国家经济转型升级的重要路径。在测度长三角地区41个地级市数字经济发展水平的基础上,利用2011—2021年A股上市公司数据,基于交易成本理论,考察长三角地区数字经济发展对企业垂直专业化分工水平的影响,其结果表明:(1)长三角数字经济发展显著促进企业垂直专业化分工水平提升;(2)异质性分析表明,对于非国有企业、制造业及高新技术行业企业,长三角数字经济发展对企业垂直专业化分工水平提升具有更强促进作用,且该影响在长三角核心地区、数字经济高水平地区以及非资源型城市中更显著;(3)机制分析表明,长三角地区数字经济发展通过降低企业资产专用性程度以及提高市场一体化水平两个途径促进企业垂直专业化分工。上述结论揭示了城市数字经济发展促进企业分工的机理,拓展了企业边界的相关研究,可为数字经济与实体经济相互融合从而优化产业结构提供启示。

2024年我国无烟煤市场发展与展望

通过对宏观政策以及产业政策动态等多维度进行剖析,对无烟煤下游行业的消费现状和趋势进行详细分析和预测。介绍了我国无烟煤资源分布、生产和进口现状,对我国无烟煤生产和进口趋势进行了预测。综合分析供需、成本、政策等影响无烟煤价格的因素,特别是需求和供应关系,对2024年无烟煤价格走势进行了定性分析。整体认为,2024年,我国无烟煤将处于供需紧平衡状态,但较2023年略有宽松;价格中枢有望小幅下移,但仍将处于相对较高的位置。

新时期长江流域生态补偿机制与关键科学问题研究

流域生态补偿是协调长江经济带经济社会发展与生态环境保护矛盾的重要手段。当前,长江流域生态补偿实践中仍面临着整体性和系统性不足、补偿标准依据缺乏、市场体系不健全、责权利不清晰等问题。根据新时代长江保护与发展的战略需求,新时期长江流域生态补偿需要具备更为丰富的内涵,亟需针对长江流域经济社会发展与生态资产保护的多维互馈关系及良性协同机制、流域生态资产的定量核算方法与生态服务空间流转特征、多元化流域生态补偿格局与长效运行机制、区域试点示范引领与全流域统筹协调推进之间的关系等关键科学问题开展系统研究,并从创新体制机制、完善技术体系、强化立法保障、培育市场主体等方面为探索制定长江流域生态补偿总体框架提供科技支撑和政策建议。

区域一体化能够促进城市高质量发展吗?--来自长三角一体化国家战略的准自然实验

以长三角一体化国家战略的实施为准自然实验,在探究政策对高质量发展影响机制的基础上,基于2011-2021年114个城市的样本数据,运用渐进双重差分模型评估了该政策对于高质量发展的影响。研究表明:长三角一体化国家战略总体上显著提高了城市的高质量发展水平,且主要体现在经济层面,部分体现在社会层面;长三角一体化国家战略对高质量发展的影响,在不同规模城市和不同市场一体化程度城市中存在显著差异;长三角一体化国家战略通过降低市场分割和产业同构促进城市的高质量发展;交通运输能力和技术水平在长三角一体化国家战略对城市高质量发展影响中发挥着正向的调节效应作用。长三角一体化国家战略的实施,为生态发展、兼顾小城市利益和政策推广拓展了空间。

不同参数高效超超临界机组经济性分析及建议

本文根据目前大量已投运二次再热机组运行经验,结合某660MW项目高效一次再热和二次再热不同的高效超超临界参数,结合对应的汽机热平衡图参数,通过对THA、80%THA、60%THA三个运行负荷进行了相关的机组经济性参数的计算和对比,通过分析提出了在选择一次再热或二次再热参数上的一些建议和结论。

粤港澳大湾区建设对区域市场一体化程度的影响研究

为探究区域战略变动对周边区域市场一体化程度的影响,文章以粤港澳大湾区建设准自然实验法替换了常见的时间序列检验,基于双重差分模型考察了粤港澳大湾区建设对所在珠三角地区市场一体化程度的影响。研究发现,粤港澳大湾区建设能显著促进珠三角地区的市场一体化发展。文章据此提出,应该进一步推动粤港澳大湾区战略的实施,同时要进一步加强区域间协作。

河流下多煤层开采安全性及保护技术

我国新疆地区干旱缺水,艾维尔沟河作为新疆一条具有重要地理特征和环境影响的河流,其对于流经区域的经济、生态都具有重要意义,因此在艾维尔沟河下进行煤炭开采时,既要保证矿井安全也要保证河流的正常使用。采用理论分析、数值模拟等方法对河流下多煤层开采安全性及河流保护技术进行研究,通过理论计算得到多煤层开采条件下,覆岩导水裂隙带发育高度(11401工作面为41.9 m、1502工作面为110 m、11401工作面为113.8 m)并绘制剖面示意图;同时,采用数值模拟方法对覆岩导水裂缝发育形态及高度进行确定,最终基于导水裂隙带高度(117.8 m)与最小煤层埋藏深度(191.5 m)的相互关系,确定河流下开采是安全的可行的。在保证河流下煤层安全开采的前提下,通过分析离层注浆原理,并结合采动影响特征参数及工程现场,提出了以离层注浆为主,河道防渗及优化开采设计为辅的多手段对采动影响范围内地表特定目标的精准保护技术。根据实际采矿地质条件,采用概率积分法计算试采工作面开采前后河道位置处地表移动变形,计算结果显示:采用离层注浆精准保护技术后,河道的最大水平变形值(2 mm/m)未超出允许坝体的极限变形值(2.5 mm/m),所以采用离层注浆精准保护技术可以实现,井下安全开采的同时,保证河道的正常使用。通过对河流下多煤层开采的安全性及保护技术的分析研究,为矿山绿色开采提供参考和借鉴。

黄河流域上游煤矿区土地利用类型变化及其对固碳服务的影响

明晰矿区土地利用变化及其对区域碳储量的影响,是“双碳”目标背景下推进矿区低碳减排和绿色高质量发展的重要手段.基于多源数据集,使用InVEST模型、土地利用动态度、转移矩阵、缓冲区分析和灰色关联度等方法,识别了1990-2020年黄河流域上游13个大中型煤矿区的土地利用类型时空变化,评估了不同矿区及其周边不同距离缓冲区的固碳服务能力,并对二者的关联度进行分析,旨在厘清矿区土地利用变化对固碳服务的影响.结果表明:(1)1990-2020年煤矿区土地利用类型主要以草地、未利用地、林地和耕地向城乡工矿居民用地转移为主,城乡工矿居民用地面积以288.8 hm^(2)/a的速度持续扩张.(2)1990-2020年不同时段城乡工矿居民用地的单一动态度均为正值,草地和未利用地则均为负值,其中2010-2015年各土地利用类型的综合动态度均较高,2015-2020年则均相对较低,并且露天开采方式矿区土地利用强度远高于井工开采方式.(3)1990-2020年各矿区内单位面积年固碳量在0.7~4.1 Mg/hm^(2)之间,在时间上呈先下降后升高再下降的趋势,并且在距离矿区50 km范围内,距离越远,平均单位面积年固碳量越高,影响程度逐渐下降.(4)不同土地利用类型与单位面积年固碳量的平均关联度从高到低表现为未利用地>耕地>草地>林地>水体.研究显示,黄河流域上游煤矿区开发过程中未利用地和耕地面积的变化是矿区生态系统固碳服务变化的重要原因.

基于能源保供的黄河流域煤炭资源开发与产量预测分析

黄河流域地区煤炭资源储量丰富,但存在植被覆盖率低、水资源利用水平差、受洪涝灾害威胁、省际发展不均衡、经济社会发展相对滞后、高质量发展局面尚未完全形成等问题。为系统认识黄河流域煤炭资源开发现状,服务能源保障安全,在充分调研黄河流域煤炭资源分布情况的基础上,围绕资源赋存、生产现状、开发强度、产销供需等主要方面分析了区域煤炭资源开发现状,综合发展潜力、社会需求和水资源利用等因素对相关区域的煤炭产量进行预测,探寻煤炭生产量的规律。结果表明:煤炭资源现状主产区煤炭产量增速总体放缓,在能源保供的基础上从严控制煤炭产能和产量、坚持高质量发展、淘汰落后产能、持续推动产业升级是煤炭产业的发展方向。

河下浅埋厚煤层采动覆岩裂隙-涌水量时空演化的FDEM-CFD耦合分析

河下浅埋厚煤层采动覆岩裂隙分布与涌水量是工作面安全生产的决定性因素之一。数值模拟是二者重要预测方法,其合理性的关键在于建立岩体破坏-裂隙流体耦合理论及相应的模拟方法。以路家村矿15404工作面为研究背景,构建拉/剪应力下非贯通裂隙开裂、贯通裂隙的法向与切向本构关系,并基于二相流质量守恒、动量守恒与状态方程,结合增强的浸没边界算法识别流-固界面,通过流体体积法实现裂隙内流体自由面的追踪和重构。在此基础上形成FDEM-CFD河下采煤覆岩裂隙与涌水量预测数值模型耦合程序,通过相邻工作面地面钻孔冲洗液消耗量观测法验证导水裂隙带发育高度,以及采用大井法理论对涌水量结果进行对比。结果表明:采动岩体破坏-裂隙流体耦合理论及相应的FDEM-CFD程序,可数值实现河下浅埋厚煤层采动覆岩裂隙形成,以及裂隙内流体运移过程。当工作面推进至80~120 m时覆岩内形成贯通地表的导水裂隙。招山河水的主要下泄路径为工作面后方8~20 m位置处的导水裂隙,其斜向采空区、倾角65°~72°。模拟所得采空区涌水量为18.78 m^(3)/h,与大井法计算结果接近。上述成果在路家村矿区得到初步应用,为进一步开展河下浅埋厚煤层防治水工程提供理论支撑。