The safety parameters monitoring system for the coal mine based on CAN bus communication and intelligent data acquisition

In this paper,a monitoring and controlling system for the safety in production and environmental parameters of a small and medium-sized coal mine has been developed after analyzing the current domestic coal production and security conditions. The client computer can convert the analog signal about the safety in production and environmental parameters detected from the monitoring terminal into digital signal,and then,send the signal to the coal mine safety monitoring centre. This information can be analyzed,judged,and diagnosed by the monitoring-management-controlling software for helping the manager and technical workers to control the actual underground production and security situations. The system has many advantages including high reliability,better performance of real-time monitoring,faster data communicating and good practicability,and it can effectively prevent the occurrence of safety incidents in coal mines.

Gas concentration monitoring system for small and medium-sized coal mines based on gas-sensing detection and single-chip control

这份报纸针对气体在小、中型的煤矿引起的灾难的实际条件。为煤矿监视系统的新煤气的集中根据煤气察觉到的察觉和单个薄片的控制被开发。因为它为易燃、爆炸的气体有好敏感特征，监视系统把锡氧化物用作 N 类型半导体气体传感器的主要材料(例如甲烷，碳一氧化物) 。QM-N5-semiconductor 煤气的传感器被采用在不同煤气的集中下面检测抵抗的产量价值。故意地，系统拿数字薄片抵抗作为处理硬件结构分析并且判定输入的电路的核心珍视的 AT89C51，然后为超出煤气的集中的限制完成控制和警报。监视系统的煤气的集中有许多优点包括在结构，快反应时间，稳定的表演和低费用简单。因此，监视煤气的集中并且在小、中型的煤矿提供早警告能广泛地被用来。

Smart industrial IoT empowered crowd sensing for safety monitoring in coal mine

The crowd sensing technology can realize the sensing and computing of people,machines,and environment in smart industrial IoT-based coal mine,which provides a solution for safety monitoring through distributed intelligence optimization.However,due to the difficulty of neural network training to achieve global optimality and the fact that traditional LSTM methods do not consider the relationship between adjacent machines,the accuracy of human body position prediction and pressure value prediction is not high.To solve these problems,this paper proposes a smart industrial IoT empowered crowd sensing for safety monitoring in coal mine.First,we propose a Particle Swarm Optimization-Elman Neural Network(PE)algorithm for the mobile human position prediction.Second,we propose an ADI-LSTM neural network prediction algorithm for pressure values of machines supports in underground mines.Among them,our proposed PE algorithm has the lowest average cumulative prediction error,and the trajectory fit rate is improved by 24.1%,13.9%and 8.7%compared with Kalman filtering,Elman and Kalman plus Elman algorithms,respectively.Meanwhile,compared with single-input ARIMA,RNN,LSTM,and GRU,the RMSE values of our proposed ADI-LSTM are reduced by 36.6%,52%,32%,and 13.7%,respectively;and the MAPE values are reduced by 0.0003%,0.9482%,1.1844%,and 0.3620%,respectively.

Early faults prediction of running state of electromechanical systems and reconfigurable integration of series safety monitoring systems

Fault prediction technology of running state of electromechanical systems is one of the key technologies that ensure safe and reliable operation of electromechanical equipment in health state. For multiple types of modern, high-end and key electromechanical equipment, this paper will describe the early faults prediction method for multi-type electromechanical systems, which is favorable for predicting early faults of complex electromechanical systems in non-stationary, nonlinear, variable working conditions and long-time running state; the paper shall introduce the reconfigurable integration technology of series safety monitoring systems based on which the integrated development platform of series safety monitoring systems is built. This platform can adapt to integrated R&D of series safety monitoring systems characterized by high technology, multiple species and low volume. With the help of this platform, series safety monitoring systems were developed, and the Remote Network Security Monitoring Center for Facility Groups was built. Experimental research and engineering applications show that: this new fault prediction method has realized the development trend features extraction of typical electromechanical systems, multi-information fusion, intelligent information decision-making and so on, improving the processing accuracy, relevance and applicability of information; new reconfigurable integration technologies have improved the integration level and R&D efficiency of series safety monitoring systems as well as expanded the scope of application; the series safety monitoring systems developed based on reconfigurable integration platform has already played an important role in many aspects including ensuring safety operation of equipment, stabilizing product quality, optimizing running state, saving energy consumption, reducing environmental pollution, improving working conditions, carrying out scientific maintenance, advancing equipment utilization, saving maintenance charge and enhancing the level of information management.

A comparative study of dust control practices in Chinese and Australian longwall coal mines

Mine dust is one of the main hazards in underground longwall mines worldwide.In order to solve the mine dust problem,a significant number of studies have been carried out regarding longwall mine dust control,both in China and Australia.This paper presents a comparative study of dust control practices in Chinese and Australian longwall mines,with particular references to statutory limits,dust monitoring methods and dust management practices,followed by a brief discussion on the research status of longwall mine dust control in both countries.The study shows that water infusion,face ventilation controls,water sprays,and deep and wet cutting in longwall shearer operations are commonly practiced in almost all underground longwall mines and that both Chinese and Australian longwall mine dust control practices have their own advantages and disadvantages.It is concluded that there is a need for further development and innovative design of more effective dust mitigation products or systems despite the development of various dust control technologies.Based on the examinations and discussions,the authors have made some recommendations for further research and development in dust control in longwall mines.It is hoped that this comparative study will provide beneficial guidance for scholars and engineers who are engaging in longwall mine dust control research and practice.

Study on the evaluation system for the coal safety management based on risk pre-control

The new type of risk management is process management. First, the hazardsources are identified before coal mine accidents occur, and then the pre-control measureand information monitoring method based on classifying the hidden hazard sources aregiven. Lastly, the risk pre-alarm and risk control method are confirmed, the managementstandard and management measure are used to eliminate the hidden hazard sources. Inthis study, an evaluation system is built to evaluate the result of risk management.

Key techniques for evaluation of safety monitoring sensors in water conservancy and hydropower engineering

For the evaluation of construction quality and the verification of the design of water conservancy and hydropower engineering projects, and especially for the control of dam safety operation behavior, safety monitoring sensors are employed in a majority of engineering projects. These sensors are used to monitor the project during the dam construction and operation periods, and play an important role in reservoir safety operation and producing benefits. With the changing of operating environments and run-time of projects, there are some factors affecting the operation and management of projects, such as a certain amount of damaged sensors and instability of the measured data. Therefore, it is urgent to evaluate existing safety monitoring sensors in water conservancy and hydropower engineering projects. However, there are neither standards nor evaluation guidelines at present. Based on engineering practice, this study examined some key techniques for the evaluation of safety monitoring sensors, including the evaluation process of the safety monitoring system, on-site detection methods of two typical pieces of equipment, the differential resistor sensor and vibrating wire sensor, the on-site detection methods of communication cable faults, and a validity test of the sensor measured data. These key techniques were applied in the Xiaolangdi Water Control Project and Xiaoxi Hydropower Project. The results show that the measured data of a majority of sensors are reliable and reasonable, and can reasonably reflect the structural change behavior in the project operating process, indicating that the availabilities of the safety monitoring sensors of the two projects are high

Using self-determination theory to identify organizational interventions to support coal mineworkers’ dust-reducing practices

Advancing the application of safety and health(S&H)technologies is likely to remain a value in the mining industry.However,any information that technologies generate must be translated from the organization to the workforce in a targeted way to result in sustainable change.Using a case study approach with continuous personal dust monitors(CPDMs),this paper argues for an organizational focus on technology integration.Although CPDMs provide mineworkers with near real-time feedback about their respirable coal dust exposure,they do not ensure that workers or the organization will continuously use the information to learn about and reduce exposure sources.This study used self-determination theory(SDT)to help three mines manage and communicate about information learned from the CPDM technology.Specifically,35 mineworkers participated in two mixed-method data collection efforts to discuss why they do or do not use CPDMs to engage in dust-reducing practices.Subsequently,the data was analyzed to better understand how organizations can improve the integration of technology through their management systems.Results indicate that using the CPDM to reduce sources of dust exposure is consistent with mineworkers’self-values to protect their health and not necessarily because of compliance to a manager or mine.

CONTROL OF GAS EMISSION AT COAL FACE IN CHINA

All the underground coal mines in China are gassy mines. The gas emission at coal face increasingly grows with the increase of working depth and coal output,for example,the gas emission at a full mechanized coal face of mine No.2 at Yongquan with a daily output of 2,000t/d is up to 66--72m^3/min. Special gas emission phenomena such as gas blowout, gas and coal outburst etc. have occurred at some faces, which threatens the safe production of face, obstructs the growth of productivity and limits the full play of mechanized equipment. In this paper, gas at face is divided, according to its origin, into three constituents, namely, coming from the coal wall, mined coal and goaf; and a formula for calculation is given. Also, the characteristics of the variation of gas emission at coal face, and thesinfluence of mining sequence of a group of seams and supplied air quantity on the gas emission are discussed. Furthermore, based on the regularity of gas emission st coal face from the above three sources, and on the experiences of years, three principles on controlling gas emission at coal face are presented, that are managing the gas on classification basis, harnessing each source separately and comprehensive prevention and control. Finally, technical measures for prevention and treatment of the accumulation of gas in the upper corner of face, at the working place of coal-winning machine and in the bottom trough of conveyor are introduced.

Effect of the computer fuzzy control on coal seam injection

To enhance the technology and efficiency of strata injection is a problem to be solved urgently. Because of effected by the rough and poor production conditions of mining and the changeable bearing condition of strata, the technological process of injection can not be controlled automatically.The fuzzy controlling technology of the coal strata injection is applied. This is the good way to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of coal strata injection and to solve the current problems of production and safety in mining industry.

基于SEM的煤矿工人易发不安全行为控制研究

为了准确识别煤矿工人易发不安全行为,预防由此导致的煤矿事故,文章首先构建了由作业过程、工艺设备、环境限制和作业决策4个一级指标和操作错误等18个二级指标构成的煤矿工人不安全行为评价指标体系。其次,将结构方程模型(SEM)运用到了煤矿工人易发不安全行为控制研究中。研究结果表明:作业过程等4个一级指标(潜在变量)均对煤矿工人不安全行为的发生具有显著影响;18个二级指标(观测变量)中,有无视警示进入危险区域等14种煤矿工人易发不安全行为,且根据路径系数得到了其易发程度。最后,提出了控制煤矿工人易发不安全行为的对策。文章为煤矿工人不安全行为研究提供了一种方法。

煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害监测预警与防控技术研究进展

煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害是深部煤炭开采的重大安全隐患,探明其致灾机理、发展监测预警及防控技术是防治关键。提出了煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害防治“四面体”理论,即分别从灾害分类、灾害机理、灾害预警、灾害防控4个层面概述煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害研究进展。总结了以能量释放主体、初始瓦斯压力、载荷条件为主的复合动力灾害类型划分依据;梳理了理论分析尺度和实验室尺度下的复合动力灾害机理研究进展,发现应力路径、微裂纹动态演化和煤岩赋存地质因素临界指标是致灾机理研究的关键;概述了以前期灾害前兆信息判识、中期灾害前兆信息采集、后期灾害一体化监测预警为主线的复合动力灾害监测预警技术研究进展;揭示了复合动力灾害消能减灾一体化防控技术和多尺度分源防控关键技术科学内涵。在此基础上针对两淮矿区灾害特点,提出了深部强动载条件下复合动力灾害智能判识与预警方法和分区协同防控方法。基于当前研究进展,提出了煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害研究亟待解决的问题,助力实现深部煤炭安全、精准、高效开采。

中深层煤炭地下气化的气化腔安全宽度计算方法

煤炭地下气化是目前温度最高(超过1200℃)的化石能源非常规开发方式,中深层(本文指埋深800~1500 m)煤炭地下气化在提高气化压力、降低地质安全风险方面优势明显,科学预测气化腔安全宽度对保障气化稳定运行十分重要,由于目前基于可控注入点后退(CRIP)工艺的气化腔安全宽度计算方法尚未建立,为保证现场试验顺利实施,需要开展针对性研究。气化腔顶板“裸露”在气化腔后会受到高温影响,通过数值模拟方法研究了压应力约束条件下岩石内部热应力产生位置以及颗粒、基质热膨胀系数差异对热应力大小的影响规律,结合高温处理后的岩石电镜扫描结果,查明了高温下岩石热损伤机理。根据CRIP气化工艺造腔特点,建立了考虑高温影响的气化腔顶板薄板模型,结合“关键层”理论提出了气化腔安全宽度计算方法。研究表明:岩石热损伤是岩石物理化学反应与热应力互相促进、共同作用的结果,高温下岩石发生不规则变形,岩石热损伤引起的微观结构变化是导致岩石力学性质、物理性质变化的根本原因。岩石的最大拉张热应力出现在颗粒界面或热膨胀系数较小的颗粒中,颗粒与基质热膨胀系数比值在[0.01~1)时,最大拉张热应力随颗粒热膨胀系数减小而快速增加。泥岩加热到200℃时开始出现微裂隙;加热到400℃时裂隙发育更加明显,主要是沿颗粒边缘破裂;加热到600~800℃时,裂隙数量增多、尺寸变大;加热到1000℃时,除出现较大裂隙外,还产生了大量孔隙;1200℃时裂隙连通性明显增加,气孔发育较大。由于高温的影响,薄板模型的步距准数不再是定值,需要根据气化腔顶板热破坏范围与顶板硬岩层的空间位置关系确定具体数值。气化腔安全宽度受温度影响,在研究算例中,砂岩顶板在35、1000℃时安全宽度计算结果分别为34.3 m和14.1 m,相差达58.9%,泥岩顶板在35、1000℃时安全宽度计算结果分别为16.7 m和15.9 m,相差4.8%。最后从降低顶板垮落风险、有利于气化控制角度,提出了煤层纵向靶区位置的确定方法,当煤层厚度超过气化腔安全宽度一半时,建议将水平井纵向靶区设计在距离煤顶不超过气化腔安全宽度一半的位置。

煤矿通风安全的技术应用与风险控制

煤矿通风安全一直是煤炭行业中的重点关注问题。随着现代科技的发展,煤矿通风安全的技术应用与风险控制得到了进一步的改进和完善。通过对煤矿通风系统进行研究,制定了新的安全技术和风险控制策略,可以提高煤矿通风系统的安全性和可靠性。

烟煤特性及其对喷吹安全性的影响研究

烟煤挥发分高、易燃易爆的特性使得烟煤用于高炉喷吹时受到较大限制。文章选取了山西建龙高炉喷吹的四种烟煤,分析了四种烟煤燃烧特性参数、爆炸性和可磨指数等,研究了烟煤粒度和比例对喷吹安全性的影响。研究结果表明,混煤中烟煤比例逐渐提升,混煤的着火点逐渐降低,爆炸性逐渐增强;增大烟煤煤粉的粒度能够有效减弱烟煤的爆炸性,是保证烟煤喷吹安全性的有效方法;国华能源烟煤和内蒙江化烟煤配比高于80%时,应合理控制煤粉的制粉、储运和喷吹系统的温度和氧含量以保障生产安全。

煤体相似材料孔隙率调控方法及正交试验研究

孔隙是煤层瓦斯赋存和运移的重要影响因素,但目前煤与瓦斯突出相似试验材料较少考虑孔隙率相似性。优选樟脑颗粒作为煤体孔隙率调控材料,考虑不同樟脑颗粒级配、质量分数、成型压力及水泥质量分数因素影响,基于正交设计制备16个相似材料试件,通过测试各试件的孔隙率、坚固性系数、瓦斯放散初速度和渗透率参数,建立诸影响因素与试件参数间的量化关系式,进而获得了林盛煤矿突出煤层煤样相似材料的配比,并进行了验证。结果显示:樟脑颗粒比干冰颗粒更适合作为孔隙率调控材料,樟脑颗粒质量分数对材料孔隙率影响较大,级配影响较小;通过樟脑颗粒孔隙率调控所制备的试件与原煤样坚固性系数、放散初速度和渗透率均具有良好的相似性。

煤矿矿井工作中瓦斯防治技术及通风安全管理措施探究

煤矿矿井瓦斯的主要危害形式包括瓦斯喷出、突出、普通涌出以及爆炸,瓦斯具有易燃易爆性和窒息性,是煤矿安全管理的重点。结合煤矿矿井实例,针对以上几种常见危害类型制定出综合性的瓦斯防治技术措施,涵盖涌出量测定、煤层地质钻探、通风、抽放、引排、局部防突、区域防突、爆炸极限控制、引火源控制。在通风安全管理中,重点分析了需风量计算、工作面温度与风速,为系统通风设计提供量化的依据。研究内容较为全面,具有较强的工程指导意义。

基于AI技术的智慧煤矿安全监控预警系统建设分析

介绍了基于数据、知识、算法、算力四要素搭建的AI智慧煤矿安全预警系统的架构及建设要素,分析了该预警系统在综采、掘进、运输工作面的应用场景,指出未来应加强多灾害耦合致灾机理、多源海量数据深度挖掘技术、透明地质等方面的研究。