Key technologies and equipment for a fully mechanized top-coal caving operation with a large mining height at ultra-thick coal seams

Thick and ultra-thick coal seams are main coal seams for high production rate and high efficiency in Chinese coal mines, which accounts for 44 % of the total minable coal reserve. A fully mechanized top-coal caving mining method is a main underground coal extraction method for ultra-thick coal seams. The coal extraction technologies for coal seams less than 14 m thick were extensively used in China. However, for coal seams with thickness greater than 14 m, there have been no reported cases in the world for underground mechanical extraction with safe performance, high efficiency and high coal recovery ratio. To deal with this case, China Coal Technology ＆ Engineering Group, Datong Coal Mine Group, and other 15 organizations in China launched a fundamental and big project to develop coal mining technologies and equipment for coal seams with thicknesses greater than 14 m. After the completion of the project, a coal extraction method was developed for top-coal caving with a large mining height, as well as a ground control theory for ultra-thick coal seams. In addition, the mining technology for top-coal caving with a large mining height, the ground support technology for roadway in coal seams with a large cross-section, and the prevention and control technology for gas and fire hazards were developed and applied. Furthermore, a hydraulic support with a mining height of 5.2 m, a shearer with high reliability, and auxiliary equipment were developed and manufactured. Practical implication on the technologies and equipment developed was successfully completed at the No. 8105 coal face in the Tashan coal mine, Datong, China. The major achievements of the project are summarized as follows： 1. A top-coal caving method for ultra-thick coal seams is proposed with a cutting height of 5 m and a top-coal caving height of 15 m. A structural mechanical model of overlying strata called cantilever beam-articulated rock beam is established. Based on the model, the load resistance of the hydraulic support with a large mining height for top-coal caving method is determined. With the analysis, the movement characteristics of the top coal and above strata are evaluated during top-coal caving operation at the coal face with a large mining height. Furthermore, there is successful development of comprehensive technologies for preventing and controlling spalling of the coal wall, and the top-coal caving technology with high efficiency and high recovery at the top-coal caving face with a large mining height. This means that the technologies developed have overcome the difficulties in strata control, top-coal caving with high efficiency and high coal recovery, and enabled to achieve a production rate of more than 10 Mtpa at a single top-coal caving face with a large mining height in ultra-thick coal seams; 2. A hydraulic support with 5.2 m supporting height and anti-rockburst capacity, a shearer with high reliability, a scraper conveyor with a large power at the back of face, and a large load and long distance headgate belt conveyor have been successfully developed for a top-coal caving face with large mining height. The study has developed the key technologies for improving the reliability of equipment at the coal face and has overcome the challenges in equipping the top-coal caving face with a large mining height in ultra-thick coal seams; 3. The deformation characteristics of a large cross-section roadway in ultra-thick coal seams are discovered. Based on the findings above, a series of bolt materials with a high yielding strength of 500-830 MPa and a high extension ratio, and cable bolt material with a 1 × 19 structure, large tonnage and high extension ratio are developed. In addition, in order to achieve a safe roadway and a fast face advance, installation equipment for high pre-tension bolt is developed to solve the problems with the support of roadway in coal seams for top-coal caving operation with a large mining height; 4. The characteristics of gas distribution and uneven emission at top-coal caving face with large mining height in ultra-thick coal seams are evaluated. With the application of the technologies of gas drainage in the roof, the difficulties in gas control for high intensive top-coal caving mining operations, known as ＂low gas content, high gas emission＂, are solved. In addition, large flow-rate underground mobile equipment for making nitrogen are developed to solve the problems with fire prevention and safe mining at a top-coal caving face with large mining height and production rate of more than 10 Mtpa. A case study to apply the developed technologies has been conducted at the No. 8105 face, the Tashan coal mine in Datong, China. The case study demonstrates that the three units of equipment, i.e., the support, shearer and scraper conveyor, are rationally equipped. Average equipment usage at the coal face is 92.1%. The coal recovery ratio at the coal face is up to 88.9 %. In 2011, the coal production at the No. 8105 face reached 10.849 Mtpa, exceeding the target of 10 Mtpa for a topcoal caving operation with large mining height performed by Chinese-made mining equipment. The technologies and equipment developed provide a way for extracting ultra-thick coal seams. Currently, the technologies and equipment are used in 13 mining areas in China including Datong, Pingshuo, Shendong and Xinjiang. With the exploitation of coal resources in Western China, there is great potential for the application of the technologies and equipment developed.

Spatial context in the calculation of gas emissions for underground coal mines

The prediction of gas emissions arising from underground coal mining has been the subject of extensive research for several decades, however calculation techniques remain empirically based and are hence limited to the origin of calculation in both application and resolution. Quantification and management of risk associated with sudden gas release during mining(outbursts) and accumulation of noxious or combustible gases within the mining environment is reliant on such predictions, and unexplained variation correctly requires conservative management practices in response to risk. Over 2500 gas core samples from two southern Sydney basin mines producing metallurgical coal from the Bulli seam have been analysed in various geospatial context including relationships to hydrological features and geological structures. The results suggest variability and limitations associated with the present traditional approaches to gas emission prediction and design of gas management practices may be addressed using predictions derived from improved spatial datasets, and analysis techniques incorporating fundamental physical and energy related principles.

New development of longwall mining equipment based on automation and intelligent technology for thin seam coal

The paper introduced complete sets of automatic equipment and technology used in thin seam coal face, and proposed the comprehensive mechanization and automation of safe and high efficiency mining models based on the thin seam drum shearer. The key technology of short length and high power thin seam drum shearer, and new type roof support with big extension ratio and plate canopy were introduced. The new research achievement on automatic control system of complete sets of equipment for the thin seam coal, which composed of electronic-hydraulic system, compact thin seam roof supports, high effective shearer with intelligent control system, and characterized by automatical follow-up and remote control technology, was described in this paper..

Hazard identification for equipment-related fatal incidents in the U.S.underground coal mining

Based on the number of fatalities per year, a persistent area of concern in mine safety continues to be equipment related. Data from the period 1995 through 2007 were studied in order to identify major hazards for underground mining equipment-related fatal incidents and to perform an analysis of those that occurred over the last 13 years. Reports on equipment-related fatal incidents were obtained from the Mine Safety and Health Administration （MSHA）. The results show that underground mining equipment including continuous miner, shuttle car, roof bolter, load-haul-dump （LHD）, Iongwall and hoisting contributed to a total of 69 mining-related fatalities. The study reveals that the major hazard for continuous mining equipment-related fatal incidents is ＂Failure of victim to respect equipment working area＂, while the highest number of fatalities for shuttle car is attributed to the hazard ＂Failure of mechanical components.＂ The study further reveals that the highest number of fatalities for roof bolter, LHD, and Iongwall are attributed to the hazards ＂Working under unsupported roof＂, ＂Failure of management to provide safe working conditions＂, and ＂Failure of mechanical components＂, respectively. It is determined that one fatality for the hoisting system is attributed to the hazard ＂Failure of mechanical components＂ and one to the hazard ＂Failure to follow safe maintenance procedure＂. Finally, approaches to prevention were also discussed in this paper.

Using self-determination theory to identify organizational interventions to support coal mineworkers’ dust-reducing practices

Advancing the application of safety and health(S&H)technologies is likely to remain a value in the mining industry.However,any information that technologies generate must be translated from the organization to the workforce in a targeted way to result in sustainable change.Using a case study approach with continuous personal dust monitors(CPDMs),this paper argues for an organizational focus on technology integration.Although CPDMs provide mineworkers with near real-time feedback about their respirable coal dust exposure,they do not ensure that workers or the organization will continuously use the information to learn about and reduce exposure sources.This study used self-determination theory(SDT)to help three mines manage and communicate about information learned from the CPDM technology.Specifically,35 mineworkers participated in two mixed-method data collection efforts to discuss why they do or do not use CPDMs to engage in dust-reducing practices.Subsequently,the data was analyzed to better understand how organizations can improve the integration of technology through their management systems.Results indicate that using the CPDM to reduce sources of dust exposure is consistent with mineworkers’self-values to protect their health and not necessarily because of compliance to a manager or mine.

数字孪生驱动的掘锚设备跟踪定位与碰撞检测方法研究

掘锚自动化作业是煤矿巷道智能掘进的关键,针对当前掘锚设备交替作业过程中相对位姿测量和碰撞检测难题,提出一种数字孪生驱动的煤矿井下掘锚设备跟踪定位与碰撞检测方法。首先,为克服井下掘进工作面低照度、高粉尘、复杂背景干扰的影响,以多点红外LED标靶作为信息源,通过工业相机采集红外LED特征点图像,利用Hough轮廓检测与质心法提取光斑中心并通过二进制编码识别标靶ID,采用改进稀疏光流算法对光斑进行跟踪,同时建立基于PNP的掘锚设备位姿解算模型,采用对偶四元数获得设备间相对位姿。其次,利用数字孪生技术,基于Unity3D平台建立对应实际尺寸的掘锚设备及工作面数字孪生模型,利用Socket通信方式实现虚拟空间与物理实体之间的实时数据传输与交互,在虚拟空间中实现掘锚设备实时位姿的三维可视化,结合任意多边形OBB(orientedboundingbox)碰撞检测算法,实现掘锚设备虚拟碰撞检测。最后,搭建实验平台进行掘锚设备位姿测量试验,同时对虚实运动轨迹和碰撞检测效果进行验证。实验结果表明:掘锚设备跟踪定位实验的位置误差不超过20mm,角度误差不超过0.30°;虚实位置坐标对比中X轴方向最大误差不超过1.14mm;Y轴方向最大误差不超过1.10mm,能够保证系统虚实一致性和同步性,满足掘进工作面作业过程中掘锚设备实时跟踪定位及碰撞检测的要求。

一种煤矿顶板灾害防治知识图谱构建方法

目前煤矿顶板灾害防治措施决策及事故原因分析等过程主要依赖人工经验,智能化水平较低。顶板灾害防治知识图谱可整合顶板灾害防治知识和经验,辅助顶板灾害事故原因分析和顶板灾害防治措施决策。提出了一种煤矿顶板灾害防治知识图谱构建方法。采用本体方法完成煤矿顶板灾害防治知识建模,将顶板灾害防治领域的概念分为矿井地质类、开采技术类、防治措施类和事故表征类,将概念之间的关系定义为使用、引发、易发、治理、预防和适用,为煤矿顶板灾害防治知识抽取(实体抽取和关系抽取)奠定基础;结合煤矿顶板灾害防治领域文本存在大量嵌套实体和关系之间存在实体重叠的特点,确定了基于跨度的实体抽取方法和基于依存句法树引导实体表示的关系抽取方法;构建了顶板灾害防治领域语料库,采用Neo4j图数据库存储数据,为顶板灾害防治知识图谱的应用提供数据来源支撑;展示了煤矿顶板灾害防治知识图谱局部构建结果,说明该知识图谱可辅助顶板灾害事故原因分析和防治措施决策,从而提高顶板管理的智能化水平;指出基于该知识图谱,结合自然语言处理和知识推理等技术,可实现顶板管理知识问答。

煤矿雨季“三防”管理体系评价指标的构建

为解决煤矿雨季期间灾害频发问题,采用专家咨询和问卷调查方法,构建了涵盖防汛、防排水和防雷电三个准则层,以及排洪沟、滑坡及泥石流和雨季降水量等十三个指标层的煤矿雨季“三防”管理体系的评价指标体系,利用熵权法和灰色综合评估法进行指标权重的计算。结果表明,雨季降水量、雷电预警系统和建筑物防雷设施的权重较高,分别为0.1120、0.1095、0.1010。给出应加强排水、防雷等“三防”设施的建设和维护、地质灾害的监测和预警等针对性防治措施。该研究可提升煤矿的安全性和生产效率,降低事故发生的可能性,保障工人的生命安全。

典型煤化工装置设备风险评级与管理系统

为实现对煤化工装置设备风险的科学管理,建立以装置安全运行为目标,集基础数据、运行数据、状态监测数据、设备风险分级和孪生模型展示于一体的煤化工装置设备风险评级与管理系统。系统基于RBI中风险评估技术实现煤化工装置设备风险评级与管理策略,通过数字孪生技术实现多源信息的交互,并实现面向不同层级管理人员的设备管理、关键安全状态监测、风险评级等功能。系统应用支撑了设备数据和风险的管理、安全状态感知和评估等工作,有利于推进设备科学管理,提升设备管理工作的有效性和针对性,支撑了化工装置安全生产运行。

基于大数据平台的神东采掘设备智能化管理研究

针对神东煤炭集团公司采掘设备目前管理的现状以及设备管理中存在的问题,从采掘设备的购置、使用管理、废旧处置3个方面入手,深入分析其存在问题的根本原因,并给出了提高采掘设备管理效率的具体措施,这对神东煤炭集团公司提升采掘设备的管理效率、降低其管理成本,节约设备的投资成本都有重要的指导意义,对其他矿山企业对机电设备的高效管理有借鉴作用。

煤矿工业物联网设备识别模型

煤矿工业物联网(IIoT)设备计算与存储资源受限,易遭受非法网络入侵,造成敏感数据泄露或恶意篡改,威胁煤矿生产安全。精准识别煤矿IIoT设备可实现有效管理并维护设备正常运转,提高设备安全防护能力,然而现有设备识别算法存在特征构造复杂、内存与计算需求较高导致难以部署在资源受限的煤矿IIoT设备中等问题。针对上述问题,提出了一种煤矿IIoT设备识别模型。首先,对支持TCP/IP协议传输的流量数据进行流量切分、无关字段去除、去重、定长字段截取操作后转换为IDX格式存储;其次,使用卷积块注意力模块(CBAM)优化深度可分离卷积(DSC),从而搭建轻量级DSC−CBAM模型来过滤Non−IIoT设备;然后,利用带有阶段惩罚的Wasserstein生成对抗网络(WGAN−GP)扩充流量较少的煤矿IIoT设备数据,达到平衡偏移流量数据的目的;最后,在DSC−CBAM基础上引入多尺度特征融合(MFF)技术捕获浅层全局特征信息,并增加Mish激活函数提高模型训练稳定性,建立优化混合模态识别(MDCM)模型,实现煤矿IIoT设备精准识别。实验结果表明,该模型收敛速度快,准确率、召回率、精确率与F1−score指标均高达99.98%,且参数量小,能精准、高效识别煤矿IIoT设备。

区块链赋能下的煤机装备供应链协同管理

随着我国煤炭开采工业技术的发展,煤机装备制造产业的诸多问题也暴露出来。针对传统模式下的煤机装备制造供应链各参与方所存在的信息孤岛、信息不对称与业务流转效率低等问题,提出了一种基于区块链技术的主从多链结构的煤机装备供应链信息管理平台,将供应链中的供应商、制造与再制造商、煤炭开采企业以及监管机构与金融机构相连接起来。设计了适用于煤机装备供应链的平台技术架构,搭建了模拟煤机装备供应链场景下的主从多链网络结构并测试了吞吐量与存储性能,探讨了区块链技术在煤机装备制造领域的实用优势,为煤机制造业与新一代信息技术的融合提供了新方向。

提升神东煤矿机电设备管理效益的探究

文章从煤矿机电设备的配套、运行、大修、车辆辅助运行、指挥调度、新技术标准应用六个方面调研了国能神东煤炭集团公司煤矿机电设备目前使用和管理的现状,深入分析其原因并给出了提升机电设备管理效益的具体措施,这对国能神东煤炭集团公司提升机电设备管理效益具有十分重要的指导意义,对其他煤炭企业机电设备的精细、精益,安全管理亦有重要的借鉴作用。

提升神东采掘运设备价值最大化的措施

通过调研和分析神东公司采掘运大型机电设备目前的使用和管理现状,从神东集团13个矿井的生产、机电设备结构配置、机电设备成本、机电设备管理等方面入手,深入分析影响采掘运大型机电设备价值最大化的原因,并给出后期发挥采掘运大型机电设备最大使用价值的努力方向,对降低机电设备成本的投入以及安全、高效生产具有现实意义,对其他煤炭企业采掘运设备的高效、精细、精益、价值最大化管理亦有重要的借鉴作用。

基于TOE框架的煤矿事故致因组态研究

为了深入探究煤矿事故致因因素及组态路径,预防煤矿事故发生;以40起煤矿事故为研究对象,运用扎根理论识别煤矿事故致因因素,基于TOE(技术、组织、环境)框架构建煤矿事故致因模型,应用模糊集定性比较分析法(fsQCA)找出煤矿事故致因的组态路径和核心条件;在组态类型和核心条件基础上,提出预防煤矿事故发生的建议。结果表明:只有组织因素中的安全管理和环境因素中的不安全环境是煤矿事故致因的必要条件;煤矿事故致因组态路径有8条;根据各组态路径中的核心条件归纳出的5种致因组态类型为安全监察主导型、安全管理主导型、组织管理综合型、组织环境联合型和安全认知缺失型。

神东煤矿机电设备大型部件安全库存分析

为探讨煤矿机电设备大型部件安全库存的必要性以及对煤企安全生产的影响,通过调研国能神东机电设备大型部件库存的现状,给出了保障国能神东煤矿机电设备大型部件安全库存的具体措施。分析认为,开展机电设备大型部件库存统计对实现国能神东在管理上的提质降本增效有重要的作用,且在实践中应建立一套符合神东模式的机电设备大型部件安全库存储备标准,有助于为设备管理提供科学精准的参考。

黑岱沟露天煤矿安全培训管理平台的设计构建

为了解决工学矛盾,减少传统安全培训方式对人力和物力造成的浪费,进一步提高安全培训的组织效率,提升安全培训效果;分析了我国相关法律法规对露天煤矿安全培训的要求,基于互联化+安全培训的模式构建了安全培训管理平台;安全培训管理平台实现了对培训计划、项目开展与档案管理情况的全过程管理,提升了教育培训和人才评价工作质量,更好地服务了高素质专业化人才队伍建设。

考虑心理因素的煤矿企业安全监管演化博弈研究

随着矿工群体的年轻化,传统的粗暴的安全管理方法制约了当代煤矿基层安全管理的发展。本文将结合矿工心理因素,构建了安全监管者、班组长和矿工三方演化博弈模型,探讨监管方式对班组安全的影响。研究结果表明:通过灵敏度分析,明确了影响班组长和矿工选择的因素,监管者选择缓和监管的概率越大,矿工越倾向于积极参与安全生产。演化稳定策略分析表明监管者和班组长要合理规划安全监管方式,避免因矿工心理因素产生的消极影响。本研究为煤矿安全管理人员提供了参考,有助于煤矿企业的安全管理水平的提升。

煤矿机电设备的远程监控与故障预警系统设计

近年来,随着嵌入式技术、互联网技术、大数据分析和人工智能技术的飞速进步,远程监控与故障预警系统已在各行各业取得了广泛应用。这些创新技术为煤矿机电设备的安全运行赋予了崭新的可能。本文将深入探讨如何依托这些前沿科技,构建一套契合煤矿机电设备的远程监控与故障预警体系。

黄河流域煤矿矿井水综合利用问题分析及管控建议

黄河流域煤炭资源丰富,但水资源匮乏,如何在确保生态环境安全的前提下,最大程度实现煤矿矿井水的综合利用,成为该地区迫切需要解决的热点问题.黄河流域煤矿矿井水的涌水量分布不均,呈南多北少的特征,且水质具有高矿化度、碱性或弱碱性以及高氟化物的特点.结合当前煤矿矿井水主要的综合利用途径,在总结国内外煤矿矿井水排放管控要求的基础上,识别当前制约我国煤矿矿井水综合利用的原因包括外排受较多制约,缺少供水需求,缺少对水质标准、技术规范和政策监管的改善,处理过程中缺乏技术规范化指导以及缺乏鼓励矿井水综合利用的措施等.针对以上问题,从实事求是地制订煤矿矿井水外排的管理要求、科学制订基于不同利用途径的煤矿矿井水综合利用水质标准、加强煤矿矿井水处理技术的推荐和引导以及建立多部门协作机制等方面,提出提高黄河流域煤矿矿井水综合利用率的建议,以期为合理利用水资源、确保生态环境安全、促进黄河流域高质量发展提供支撑.