Coal petrology and facies of No.6 coal of the Haerwusu Mine, Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia

This paper discussed the petrological characteristics and coal facies of No.6 coal seam from the Haerwusu Mine, Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia by using of coal petrology and geochemistry. No.6 coal facies can be divided into 3 types, arid forest peat swamp （including two subfacies） and reed peat swamp, respectively. From bottom to top, the development of peat swamps present wavy changes, and three coal facies types appear alternately, with obvious thyme. According to the parameters, 11 secondary sequences were identified of the peat swamps of No.6 coal seam. The results indicate that the mire formed in brackish water-fresh water weak regression environment, changed in excess oxygen and poor oxygen, and reflected the characteristics of transition phase.

Coal petrology,sedimentology and depositional environment of the Parvadeh coais in the Upper Triassic,Tabas Block of Central-East Iran

Peat forming environment strongly influences the economic value of any coal seam and coal-bearing strata.Hence,pal-aeoenvironmental studies provide important information for coal resource exploration.In this context,detailed studies on selected coals from the Parvadeh Area,Iran,were conducted using sedimentology,coal petrology,X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analyzer(SEM-EDX),and proximate analysis.The sedi-mentary facies above and below the coal seams are mainly marine or marine-influenced facies,supporting that the coal-forming mires in the Parvadeh Area developed in a paralic environment,where the base level must be closely related to sea level.Sulfur contents are moderate to high and mark the influence of brackish/marine water,especially during transgres-sion after peat growth in a lower delta plain environment.The peat-forming mires extended on coastal/delta plain lobes.The lower delta plain/coastal plain coals are characterized by lateral continuity and substantial thickness,whereas few coals possibly representing the upper delta plain are thin and more discontinuous.The detrital nature and composition of the numerous partings and the overall high ash yield in the coal seams indicate an active tectonic area with high rates of creation of accommodation space over peat growth.Coal petrology and coal facies analysis exhibits a permanently high water table within a forest swamp and mostly rheotrophic conditions,sometimes with connection to the seawater.Accord-ing to paleoenvironmental reconstructions,it seems that coal layers may be thicker,with less sulfur(pyrite),but more clastic minerals and partings toward the western part of the area.Although these coal seams presently have low economic potential for the mining operation,partly due to great depth,this humic,high-volatile to medium-volatile bituminous coal may be suitable for exploration of coal bed methane resources.

Depositional Environment and Origin of Inertinite-rich Coal in the Ordos Basin

Inertinite-rich coal is widely distributed in the Ordos Basin,represented by the No.2 coal seam of the Middle Jurassic Yan'an Formation.This paper combined coal petrology and geochemistry to analyze the origin of inertinite,changes in the coal-forming environment and control characteristics of wildfire.Research has shown that there are two forms of inertinite sources in the study area.Alongside typical fusinization,wildfire events also play a substantial role in inertinite formation.There are significant fluctuations in the coal-forming environment of samples at different depths.Coal samples were formed in dry forest swamp with low water levels and strong oxidation,which have a high inertinite content,and the samples formed in wet forest swamp and limnic showed low inertinite content.Conversely,the inertinite content of different origins does not fully correspond to the depositional environment characterized by dryness and oxidation.Nonpyrogenic inertinites were significantly influenced by climatic conditions,while pyrofusinite was not entirely controlled by climatic conditions but rather directly impacted by wildfire events.The high oxygen level was the main factor causing widespread wildfire events.Overall,the combination of wildfire activity and oxidation generates a high content of inertinite in the Middle Jurassic coal of the Ordos Basin.

基于煤岩煤质煤相特征的沁水15号富锂煤古环境分析

以沁水东南部15号富锂煤为研究对象,采用显微光学、XRD等技术方法开展了宏观煤岩特征、显微煤岩特征、煤质特征和煤相研究。结果表明,沁水东南太原组15号煤属低水分、低灰分、低挥发分、高硫贫煤。宏观煤岩类型以半亮型、半暗型煤为主;显微煤岩组分以镜质组为主,惰质组次之,壳质组少见;无机显微组分以高岭石等黏土矿物为主,可见方解石、黄铁矿、石英、菱铁矿、石膏和锆石等矿物。15号煤形成于滨岸带沉积体系。古沉积环境主要为潮湿-浅覆水、强活水环境的开放沼泽相;植物组织保存程度较低,植物以水生或草本植物为主;成煤泥炭沼泽环境受地下水影响较小,海水影响较大,物源供给具有多元性。

彬长矿区胡家河井田4号煤层沉积环境及聚煤规律研究

为研究彬长矿区胡家河井田4号煤层的沉积环境,总结聚煤规律,归纳聚煤模式,综合运用煤田地质学、岩石学、沉积学、构造地质学等多学科交叉研究方法,野外观察和室内分析相结合,对胡家河井田4号煤层的沉积环境及聚煤规律进行分析。结果表明:井田内含煤地层主要为内陆河流相沉积,其中河漫沼泽、牛轭湖以及泛滥平原上的泥炭沼泽是4号煤层的主要沉积环境;富煤带分布于中部及南部,并向东部和西部延伸,富煤中心分布于中部和西南部,与地层沉积中心有较好的对应关系;在靠近西部的古河道时,煤层出现分岔、变薄、尖灭的现象,古河道流经区域富县组和延安组地层全部缺失,形成无煤区。研究成果对于该矿煤炭资源的可持续发展以及提高煤炭资源开发和利用效率具有重要的理论与实践意义。

顶峰山矿区39号煤层的煤岩学与煤相特征

利用煤岩学和沉积地球化学相结合的方法,从煤岩学、沉积学、古植物和沼泽水介质动力条件等方面对福建龙永煤田顶峰山矿区二叠系童子岩组主采39号煤层进行了研究,结果表明:39号煤层的煤相包括4种类型,即闭流沼泽相、障壁岛-泻湖沼泽相、强覆水森林沼泽相和浅覆水森林沼泽相,其中强覆水森林沼泽相是该煤层煤相类型的主体,在沼泽演化过程中占有主导地位;沼泽覆水深度的变化会引起煤相组合和旋回结构的相应变化。煤层从下而上由浅覆水森林沼泽相、强覆水森林沼泽相和弱覆水森林沼泽相等组合而成,韵律明显。沼泽水动力条件同样经历了由弱—强—弱的演化过程,沼泽水流具有由滞流—活动—滞流的周期性变化特点,泥炭沼泽水介质总体上处于弱—强还原环境;该煤层在其形成过程中不断受到海陆两方面的影响,泥炭沼泽发育过程呈现出波动式变化,导致泥炭沼泽类型呈跳跃式演化,从而形成了一套海陆交互相的成煤沼泽环境,表现为障壁岛-泻湖沉积体系的沉积特征。

重庆中梁山矿区主要煤层的煤岩学和煤相特征

结合国际煤岩学会(ICCP)对显微组分的新分类系统,通过绘制显微组分三元图和煤相图,对重庆中梁山矿区主要煤层显微组分和煤相特征进行了研究。结果表明:该矿区宏观煤岩类型以半亮煤为主,且构造煤较发育;显微组分中以镜质组为主,其中以基质镜质体和碎屑镜质体最为常见。煤相研究表明,本区主要煤层形成于下三角洲平原或下三角洲平原到陆相沉积的过渡环境,属于近陆相的低位沼泽环境,成煤环境受海水作用明显。

乌达矿区高硫煤层的聚积环境与煤中硫的分布

对乌达矿区高硫煤层的沉积相、煤相和煤中硫在平面上的分布进行了研究。结果表明 ,1 0煤层泥炭聚积时的古水系对煤中硫的分布有明显的影响 ,9煤层泥炭聚积时的古环境决定了煤中硫的分布 ,浅水陆棚或分流间湾环境中形成的煤层具有较高 GI、V/ I值和硫含量 ,在障壁砂坝中形成的煤层具有高的硫含量、低的 GI、V/ I值 ,在泻湖中具有高 GI、V/ I值和相对较少的硫含量。

四川盆地中西部上三叠统煤系地层烃源岩的有机岩石学特征

采用反射光与透射光相结合的方法，通过研究区１４５个烃源岩样品的２１３块原岩和干酪根光片的显微观察及测定，建立了煤系烃源岩的显微组分分类方案。根据凝胶化指数（ＧＩ）和组织保存指数（ＴＰＩ），对上三叠统陆源有机质的原始形成环境进行了分析，并研究了上三叠统烃源岩的有机岩石学区域变化特征。研究表明，上三叠统陆源有机质的凝胶化指数高，而组织保存指数低，主要沉积在湖沼型滞水泥炭沼泽和草沼－低位泥炭沼泽环境中，形成了较多的富氢有机组分。

海拉尔盆地煤系烃源岩有机相分布特征

海拉尔盆地钻探程度相对较高的凹陷为呼和湖、呼伦湖、乌尔逊、贝尔凹陷。根据这 4个凹陷现有的地化、地质资料 ,从平面和纵向上划分煤系烃源岩有机相。首先确定煤系烃源岩的分布范围 ,在此基础上利用煤系烃源岩的有机地球化学分析结果并结合沉积环境和地质特征制定有机相的划分标准 ,并依此标准将煤系烃源岩有机相划分为A相、B相、C相、D相 ,分别代表着该区煤系烃源岩生烃潜能的大小与优劣 ,为盆地煤系烃源岩的资源评价提供了可靠的参数。从整体看 ,海拉尔盆地的南屯组有机相性质优于其它层位 ,主要成烃有机相为B相、C相 ,有机质类型为Ⅲ—Ⅱ型 ,成烃贡献为中—好。最后通过有机相综合分析 。

泥炭与煤形成环境对比研究现状

煤地质学一直偏重于对煤和含煤地层的地层学和沉积学的研究。近３０年来逐渐重视从现代聚煤作用产物——泥炭和泥炭沼泽的角度揭示、印证成煤环境问题。但苦于寻找古代煤层的合适的类比物。８０年代末以来，人们逐渐把注意力集中在东南亚热带木本穹丘状高位泥炭和泥炭地，获得了大量数据资料和观察结果，开创了泥炭与煤形成环境对比研究的新局面。在成炭生态系统、泥炭岩石学、岩相和地球化学特征、相互关系及空间变化、聚炭控制因素、聚炭模式和异地堆积方面的新资料。

用显微组分的双重属性研究沉积有机相

沉积有机相是近年来国内、外广泛运用于油、气勘探的一种有效的研究方法。沉积有机相的区分主要依据源岩有机质的地球化学性质和光性特征。实际上,源岩显微组分的特征、类型、数量和产状是源岩有机质的岩石学和地球化学特征的双重反映,并和沉积环境密切相关。因此,利用源岩显微组分的属性可以简便快速地确定沉积有机相,并可更好地反映盆地内油气资源的分布状况。根据该方法对准噶尔盆地和吐鲁番-哈密盆地侏罗纪煤系的沉积有机相进行研究,圈定了有利的煤成油相带。

山西朔州金海洋矿区含煤岩系沉积环境研究

为掌握金海洋矿区煤层多、厚度变化大的煤层展布规律,通过对矿区276个钻孔测井、岩心资料分析并进行粒度统计和元素测试,结果表明:该矿区主要发育障壁海岸、浅水三角洲和河流湖泊3种沉积体系,障壁岛、泻湖、潮坪、沼泽、三角洲、河流、湖泊7种沉积相类型,相带南北分异、东西展布;成煤期间多次海侵,受此影响,9号、11号煤发育连续,煤层测井高峰窄频峰值较多,夹矸数一般大于4,其他煤层发育不稳定,尖灭缺失;11号煤西厚东薄、北厚南薄,均厚3.69 m,9号煤西薄东厚,东部分叉,均厚6.78 m;太原组煤中V、Mn、U、P、Fe、S等元素含量均比山西组高,与沉积相展布相适应。

阜新盆地艾友矿区沙海组沉积环境及聚煤规律

为了揭示阜新盆地艾友矿区沙海组的沉积环境特征及煤层聚积规律。采用沉积学、煤田地质学的基本理论和方法。对大量钻孔资料进行了分析。从中识别出冲积扇相、扇三角洲相和湖泊相,其中扇三角洲相最为发育,并指出在盆地加速沉降导致湖面扩张的背景下,沉积环境经历了冲积扇-扇三角洲-浅水湖泊的演化过程。最后,总结出扇三角洲平原及扇三角洲边缘处是主要的聚煤场所。为该矿区今后的进一步煤矿开采提供了依据。

山西延川南煤层气田2号煤层煤相研究——煤层气开发选区意义

基于延川南煤层气田2号煤层煤相分析的基础上,探讨了煤层气富集规律与煤层煤相的关系。研究结果表明:2号煤层主要发育于下三角洲平原,其泥炭沼泽具有覆水相对较深、水体活跃、还原性较强的特征。煤层中镜/惰比、灰分产率和硫含量的平面变化比较好的表明泥炭沼泽的微相分布。煤层煤相与煤层气含量分布具有好的一致性,高镜/惰比和低灰分产率煤层具有高的煤层气含量,低镜/惰比和高灰分产率煤层具有低的煤层气含量,高的煤层气产能区主要分布于煤层厚度大、高镜/惰比和低灰分产率区。

兖州煤田含煤岩系成因相分析

论述了兖州煤田太原组主要成因相的特征和沉积组合类型，分析了富煤带的形成、分布及其与下伏成因相的关系，也分析了海平面变化对成因相的影响和沉积体系的演化方向，并利用标志层划分了分析单元（相当于层序地层中的Ｐａｒａｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅ）。

大同煤田白洞矿区5号煤层煤相特征

采用光学显微镜、X射线荧光光谱(XFS)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)等方法测定了大同煤田塔山井田太原组5号煤的宏观煤岩类型、显微煤岩类型和地球化学参数,探讨了煤的煤岩学、煤地球化学及煤相特征,系统地分析了煤层的原始成煤泥炭沼泽环境及演化规律。研究结果表明,5号煤层有4种煤相类型,即湖沼相、泥炭沼泽相、潮湿森林沼泽相和较干燥森林沼泽相,相应表现为湖泊、障壁岛后潟湖、上三角洲平原和洪泛盆地含煤沉积体系特征。煤层自下而上存在5次比较明显的沉积旋回韵律,与之相随的水介质环境也发生了相应的海陆、咸水、淡水交替变化,从而形成了一套以陆相为主、海陆交互的成煤泥炭沼泽环境,沉积环境逐渐从海相、海陆过渡相向陆相演化。

大同矿区5#煤层煤岩煤质特征及其清洁利用方式

大同矿区位于山西省大同市的西南,主要含煤地层为侏罗系大同组和石炭二叠系山西组、太原组,是我国典型的双纪煤田。在收集大同矿区以往勘查资料的基础上,系统分析了大同矿区5#煤层的煤岩煤质特征,煤质主要为中灰、高挥发分、中硫、高热稳定性煤,整体以弱黏结煤为主,煤层的黏结性变化规律受深成变质作用影响,变质程度由低至高,煤的黏结性也随之逐渐增强。5#煤层煤岩特征以半亮-半暗煤为主,镜质组含量较高,以较干燥森林沼泽相和湖沼相为主。绘制了煤质指标的等值线图,研究其分布特征及变化规律,并参照焦化、气化、液化用煤指标体系对5#煤清洁利用方式进行划分,结果显示,5#煤洗选后大部分可作为焦化用煤,部分煤可作为直接液化用煤。

Discovery of cutinitic liptobiolith in northwestern China and a comparative study with Luquan Devonian coal

Devonian cutinitic liptobiolith is a special cuticle-rich coal formed during the early stage of land plant evolution. In China, this special coal has previously only been reported in the Yangtze area, with the Luquan Devonian cutinitic liptobiolith of Yunnan Province being the most well-known. Recently, this type of coal was first discovered in the Bulonggoer Sag, to the northwest of the Junggar Basin, NW Xinjiang. Its geological age is regarded as the Givetian period of the late Middle Devonian,which is equivalent to the age of the Luquan Devonian coal. The cutinitic liptobiolith from NW Xinjiang has a distinct sheet-like texture resembling a stack of paper or leaf sheets in appearance, and so it is commonly called "paper coal" or "leaf coal". Ribbonlike cutinite(thick-walled type) is the most abundant maceral in the coal(>60% and up to 80%, on a mineral-free basis), followed by ribbon-like collotelinite. The NW Xinjiang and Luquan cutinitic liptobioliths share similar maceral compositions;while their coal-forming plants and depositional conditions are distinct. The NW Xinjiang cutinitic liptobiolith was deposited in a regional fluvial or flood plain condition, with lycopsids as the dominant coal-forming plants. In contrast, the Luquan cutinitic liptobiolith formed in a coastal-lagoon environment, with primitive ferns as the predominant coal-forming plants, followed by lycopsids. The saturated fractions of the NW Xinjiang and Luquan liptobioliths are mainly composed of tetracyclic diterpanes. However, the tetracyclic diterpane compositions in the NW Xinjiang cutinitic liptobiolith are distinct from those in the Luquan Devonian coal:The former is dominated by atisanes and the latter is mainly composed of phyllocladanes. Different coal-forming plants may have contributed to the distinct tetracyclic diterpane compositions.

重庆永川地区二叠系龙潭组聚煤环境研究

通过大量钻井岩心观察、野外地质剖面测量、矿区煤田地质调查及室内样品测试分析,结合大量区域及前人研究成果,对重庆永川地区二叠系龙潭组聚煤环境进行研究。龙潭时期主要沉积环境为局限海湾中的潮坪亚相(龙潭早期)和泻湖亚相(龙潭晚期)。在潮坪亚相中,潮上泥炭沼泽和潮间泥炭坪是主要的聚煤环境。煤层形成的厚度往往决定于泥炭的沉积速率和海平面变化速率,后者在一定时期内保持平衡时,厚度往往较大,同时层位稳定,连片性好。潮间泥炭坪中的煤层随海平面的变化,具明显的迁移性,煤层发育相对较差。