Research on English Translation of Chinese Literary Terms from the Perspective of International Communication: Interpretation and Standardization

Literary terms are the crystallization of Chinese ideology and wisdom. Translation and communication function as an important link in the construction of the discourse system with Chinese characteristics. Standardized translation of literary terms is an important way to help the world understand China and promote international communication of Chinese culture, which is conducive to the inheritance and interpretation of fine traditional Chinese culture. From the perspective of the "going global" strategy of Chinese culture in the new era, and the existing asymmetry of English translation of Chinese literary terms in international cultural communication, we analyzed the divergence, variation and imposed interpretation of the translations of Chinese literary terms and put forward some suggestions for their standardization. We believe that the translation of Chinese literary terms should adhere to the principle of "localization" in cultural communication and focus on the transmission of Chinese cultural connotation to correct the imposed interpretations of Chinese literature in the West. Standardizing the translations of literary terms will facilitate the communication of "Chinese knowledge" to the world. The paper is expected to provide reference for research on construction and enhancement of discourse system for global communication with Chinese characteristics.

Standardization of Basic Terms Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Standardization of translation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) terms has been the focus of TCM translation for a long time; and it is the important force to enhance the steps of TCM internationalization. The standardization of translation of TCM terms is also the key to promote the theoretical research of TCM translation and the international exchange and scientific research.

Improved Measurement Performance of Inorganic Elements in Coal by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Coupled with Internal Standardization

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy was employed to determine the inorganic elements in coal. To improve the measurement＇s accuracy and precision, a new internal standardization scheme, which we named changed internal standardization, was compared with the traditional internal standardization and no internal standardization for the analysis of inorganic elements. The new internal standardization scheme used the atomic line of carbon at 247.86 nm and the molecular band of CN at 388.34 nm and C2 at 516.32 nm to normalize the lines of inorganic elements that were distributed in the same spectral channel. The performance of the utilization of the new internal standardization scheme was evaluated using a set of coal samples, including twenty calibration samples and five validation samples. The results show that the coefficients of determination R2 and the slope of calibration models coupled with changed internal standard- ization are better than that of the calibration models coupled with fixed internal standardization and no internal standardization. Moreover, the measurement accuracy and reproducibility of changed internal standardization for the analysis of five validation samples also yielded further improvement. The results that we obtained suggest that changed internal standardization could compensate for the matrix effects, as well as the influence of the difference in the spectral response of the light collection system.

On Standard Nomenclature of Basic Chinese Medical Terms(IV)

ETIOLOGICAL TERMSIn traditional Chinese medicine, etiology is commonly called "cause of disease". The various factors that may cause disease are called "pathogenic factors". In the past they were classified into three categories: "exogenous factors", "endogenous factors", and "non-exo-endogenous factors". In the modern textbooks this tri-causal hypothesis is not so widely used, while a new classification has been developed.

On Standard Nomenclature of Basic Chinese Medical Terms(Ⅲ B)

Blood in Western medicine and血〔xue〕inTCM refer to the same substance,but some writ-ers insisted the use of xue or hsueh for TCM be-cause the latter’s knowledge about blood is differ-

Numerical investigation on the caving mechanism with different standard deviations of top coal block size in LTCC

The size distribution of the broken top coal blocks is an important factor,affecting the recovery ratio and the efficiency of drawing top coal in longwall top coal caving(LTCC)mining panel.The standard deviation of top coal block size(dt)is one of the main parameters to reflect the size distribution of top coal.To find the effect of dt on the caving mechanism,this study simulates experiments with 9 different dt by using discrete element software PFC.The dt is divided into two stages:uniform distribution stage(UDS)whose dt is less than 0.1(Schemes 1–5),and nonuniform distribution stage(NDS)whose dt is more than 0.1(Schemes 6–9).This research mainly investigates the variation of recovery ratio,drawing body shape,boundary of top coal,and contact force between particles in the two stages,respectively.The results showed that with the increasing dt,the recovery ratio of the panel increases first and then decreases in UDS.It is the largest in Scheme 3,which mainly increases the drawing volume at the side of starting drawing end.However,the recovery ratio decreases first and then increases quickly in NDS,and it is the largest in Scheme 9,where the drawing volume at the side of finishing drawing end are relatively higher.In UDS,the major size of top coal is basically medium,while in NDS,the size varies from medium to small,and then to large,with a distinct difference in shape and volume of the drawing body.When the major size of top coal is medium and small,the cross-section width of the initial boundary of top coal at each height is relatively small.Conversely,when the top coal size is large,the initial boundary of top coal has a larger opening range,the rotating angle of lower boundary is relatively small in the normal drawing stage,which is conducive to the development of drawing body and reduces the residual top coal,and the maximum particle velocity and the particles movement angle are both larger.This study lays a foundation for the prediction of recovery ratio,and suggests that the uniform top coal is more manageable and has a larger recovery ratio.

Determination of the gas compositions for direct coal liquefaction by gas chromatography

Via multi-dimensional gas chromatography, configured with parallel dual-channel, double detectors, valves switching and back flushing, rapid analysis of the gas compositions consisting of C1-C5 hydrocarbons and permanent gases, such as CO2, H2S, H2, and CO, for direct coal liquefaction has been realized. With four packed chromatographic columns, which are Hayesep-Q pre-column, Hayesep-Q column, molecular sieve 5A column and one PLOT A1203 S capillary column, the gas compositions for direct coal liquefaction are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by the external standard method. The determination method has such advantages as excellent separation, simple operation, rapid analysis and accurate results.

推进煤矿岗位标准作业流程应用 促进煤矿安全生产形势根本好转

通过分析煤矿现场安全管理长期以来存在的主要问题,发现员工作业规范欠缺是长期困扰煤矿现场安全管理的重要因素之一,认为煤矿岗位标准作业流程是破解煤矿现场安全规范作业难题、保障煤矿安全生产的有效手段。阐述了煤矿岗位标准作业流程的由来,并对近几年煤炭行业在推广应用煤矿岗位标准作业流程过程中取得的主要成效进行了介绍。提出加快流程标准体系建设、加强流程示范引领与学习共享、强化流程科技创新与总结、持续拓展完善流程体系内容等进一步推进煤矿岗位标准作业流程应用的具体举措。

松软破碎煤体取制样与剪切试验系统研制及应用

研究松软破碎煤体力学性质对巷道支护和煤与瓦斯突出预测等工作具有重要意义,但当前缺乏有效的松软破碎煤体取样、制样及力学特性分析装置。为此,研发了一套松软破碎煤体取制样与剪切试验系统,主要由取样装置、制样装置和力学特性参数测试系统组成,各部分具有以下主要功能与特点:①取样装置中的单动三管取芯器包含脑袋总成、外管总成及内管总成3部分,内外管间设置稳定环,保证内外管同心,内管总成腔体内部设置衬管用于储存煤心,取芯钻进时内管不随外管旋转;当钻取的煤心充满衬管后,退出取芯器,拆卸取出衬管,将煤心连同衬管一并取出并进行封装。取样装置灵活、轻便、易拆装携带。②制样装置包含脱模仪、切割机、冰箱、热风枪4部分,脱膜仪用于脱去煤心外层衬管,切割机、冰箱和热风枪用于对煤心进行切割、冷冻和热缩;制作标准煤心试件分为打孔润湿、冷冻切割和热缩脱模3个步骤,采用端头局部冷冻切割、脱模与热缩均匀同步等技术,实现多种标准尺寸试件制备,制样方法完善、成功率高。③力学特性参数测试系统包含主体结构、伺服油源控制装置和软件系统3部分,能实现限制性及非限制性直剪试验功能,主要用于开展松软破碎煤体标准试件不同法向应力下直剪试验、不同围压下三轴压缩试验。整体设计结构简单、操作方便。研究利用单动三管取芯器获取松软破碎煤体,利用脱模仪等制样装置将其制备成标准试件,进而在力学特性参数测试系统上分别开展松软破碎煤体标准试件在0.04、0.05、0.06、0.07、0.08、0.09 MPa法向应力下的直剪试验和0.2、0.3、0.4 MPa围压下的三轴压缩试验,并求得两种试验条件下松软破碎煤体的黏聚力和内摩擦角等抗剪强度参数,其中直剪试验求得的黏聚力和内摩擦角为0.125 kPa和37.2°,三轴压缩试验求得的黏聚力和内摩擦角为0.121 kPa和36.4°。结果表明,该套系统具有较好的实用性和可靠性,为研究松软破碎煤体力学特性提供了较好的试验平台和方法。

标准铂电阻温度计在温度范围0~419.527℃内的长期稳定性

在温度范围0.01~419.527℃内,对标准铂电阻温度计进行长期稳定性调查,选取的样本为2017年至2020年送至上海市计量测试技术研究院进行检定的铂电阻温度计,一共319支。对样本的水三相点电阻值、锡凝固点电阻比和锌凝固点电阻比变化率进行分析,75%样本的水三相点变化幅度在2.66 mK/a以内,相同样本比例的锡凝固点和锌凝固点变化幅度分别在1.19 mK/a和1.69 mK/a以内。统计研究表明,仅在水三相点测量变化不足以确定锡凝固点电阻比W_(Sn)和锌凝固点电阻比W_(Zn)的变化,而由于W_(Sn)和W_(Zn)的变化之间具有强相关性,测量使用范围内的任意固定点的电阻比足以识别整个范围内温度计可能发生的变化。

全厂及汽轮机岛性能试验标准比对和实践研究

性能验收试验是燃煤发电机组建设工程验收的关键一环,其准确有效的前期规划和实践管理对于燃煤电站建设工程的合同制定和项目移交起着至关重要的作用。结合海外燃煤发电工程项目和国内燃煤发电工程项目性能验收试验实践现状,对比分析了国标和相应ASME标准关于全厂及汽轮机性能验收试验的差异,结合二者在工程实践中的应用情况,提出了前期技术协议规划和现场实践中的注意要点。研究成果可为海外燃煤发电工程项目的前期规划和项目管理提供指导,同时可为性能试验的标准化研究提供参考。

新时期煤矿岗位标准作业流程应用探讨

随着我国煤炭工业智能化水平的逐步提升,生产力水平也随之发生变化。针对煤矿岗位标准作业流程如何支撑煤炭行业新质生产力的发展进行了深入探讨,认为煤矿岗位标准作业流程应用将面临智能矿山建设、职业安全健康、机器人替代、新兴岗位出现、多岗位协同作业等方面的挑战,提出了数字化应用、智能化装备落地、系统化培训等发展路径;总结了煤矿岗位标准作业流程在保障安全生产和推动智能化、高效化、绿色化发展中发挥的作用,最后提出未来优化和创新建议。

契约法的当代风貌——内田贵《契约的时代》述评

麦克尼尔以“关系契约论”宣告了“古典契约论”的死亡,但其未能将关系契约论付诸实定法或具体司法实践。日本学者内田贵教授结合长期合同的具体运作,对关系契约论在日本裁判中的适用进行了体系化研究,呈现了司法判决、民众选择以及社会观念对日本民事立法的再造图景。我国《民法典》合同编中包含的诸多“标准”型规则明显体现了关系契约论的理念,但对其如何适用,我国学界与法院仍在探索之中。内田贵教授的研究方法与视角为我国将来的合同法研究提供了富有启发性的参照。

个人信息对价化交易的定性和法律适用

个人信息主体以同意个人信息处理换取特定服务,可称为个人信息对价化交易。当事人可自由选择将这一交易类型构造为双务合同,将同意构造为对待给付,法律上并无任何理由限缩其意思自治的空间并挫败这种交易安排,民法上的人格权益优先和人身债务不得强制执行、个人信息保护法上的任意撤回权和捆绑禁止规则均不构成制度障碍。个人信息对价化交易在法律性质上可归入个人信息许可使用合同。应当引入《民法典》格式条款内容控制制度,突破核心给付义务不受审查的原则,依据是否违反个人信息保护法基本原则与是否不当限制信息主体合同核心权利、加重合同核心义务两项标准,审查作为同意之原因行为的合同条款,以防止个人信息保护法知情同意规则被架空以及合同履行之必需场景被不当扩充。应当以双务合同中的交换关系为核心,同时兼顾个人信息保护法价值取向,配置特殊的履行障碍规则以平衡两造当事人之利益关系:个人信息主体违反同意之义务的,合同相对人并无履行请求权、同时履行抗辩权、损害赔偿请求权和违约金请求权,享有基于对待给付牵连性的合同解除权;信息处理者违反服务提供义务的,信息主体并无减价权,解除权发生条件可放宽至非根本违约情形。

煤炭资源合理开发利用“三率”标准应用研究

随着我国煤炭行业迈入高质量发展新阶段,对煤炭资源合理开发利用提出了更高的标准和要求。通过系统研究煤炭资源“三率”标准历史沿革和指标要求,分析了我国煤炭资源“三率”标准应用现状和存在的主要问题,结合我国煤炭行业产业政策和发展趋势,从强化日常监督管理、建立信息管理平台、全面推动政策落地、加快推动技术创新、深入研究“三率”指标等方面,研究提出了煤炭资源合理开发利用“三率”标准应用的相关建议。

智能化煤矿数据治理能力评估与提升策略研究

数据治理能力是实现煤矿智能化建设整体目标的重要基础,对于加快煤矿智能化建设、促进煤炭工业数字化转型、构建现代化能源体系、建设数字中国具有重要意义。本文针对智能化煤矿数据治理能力提升的理论和方法进行探讨。首先剖析了煤矿智能化建设对数据治理的战略诉求,界定智能化煤矿数据治理能力的概念、内涵;然后构建智能化煤矿数据治理能力体系,为数据治理能力的科学评估提供依据;进而基于能力成熟度理论,构建智能化煤矿数据治理能力成熟度模型,指明智能化煤矿数据治理能力提升路径;最后基于PDCA循环理论,提出智能化煤矿数据治理能力提升策略,以期补充完善数据治理能力提升的理论基础,为数据治理最佳实践提供参考。

燃煤发电灵活性标准体系建设

提升燃煤火力发电灵活性是促进新能源消纳,实现能源绿色低碳转型和安全保障的重要抓手,构建完善的燃煤发电灵活性标准体系是推动燃煤火力发电灵活性发展的关键环节。围绕燃煤火力灵活发电内涵,分析了当下火力燃煤发电灵活性改造建设面临的4个主要挑战:灵活性指标难突破、灵活性下安全问题突出、灵活性下经济性指标大幅下降、灵活性下清洁性难保障。应对4个挑战,初步构建了综合考虑目标、专业门类和功能序列的燃煤发电灵活性标准体系框架,覆盖通用、设计、制造、安装、试验、计量、运行、评价等流程。结合燃煤发电灵活性发展现状以及相关标准情况,提出将灵活性标准术语及评价、机组灵活性安全运行和寿命评价、燃煤机组灵活性运行下效率评价、二氧化碳检测及污染物排放控制、燃煤火力发电机组在线监控等作为重点标准建设领域,其中效率评价方法重点考虑非稳态及深度调峰非常态工况,特别重视煤质、煤流等燃料侧在线监测技术及耦合燃料-燃烧-工质流动等灵活控制标准的建立。标准体系框架的构建及相关建议的提出,为我国燃煤火力发电灵活性标准修订提供参考。

基于临床护理分类系统的PICC相关性血栓预防护理知识库的构建

目的在PICC相关性血栓预测模型构建完成的基础上,应用循证方法学构建PICC相关性血栓预防护理知识库,为实现PICC相关性血栓预见性风险管理提供决策基础。方法以2020年发表的成人恶性肿瘤患者PICC血栓预防的最佳证据总结为基础,补充检索BMJ、JBI、RNAO、INS以及中国知网等国内外数据库和专业协会网站中关于PICC相关性血栓预防护理的所有证据,检索时限为2019年11月1日—2023年4月1日,对新纳入的文献进行质量评价和证据提取,并与现有最佳证据总结进行汇总、整理,形成知识库初稿,通过专家会议修改初稿,确定知识库终稿。按照临床护理分类系统编码规则,对知识库初稿内容进行编码。结果以PICC相关性血栓预测模型为评估工具,预防护理知识库终稿包括1项护理诊断、18项具体护理措施和4种护理结局。结论PICC相关性血栓预防护理知识库具有专业性、科学性与实用性,为临床护士提供科学决策。

锚固条件下煤系地层裂隙岩体蠕变力学特性研究

为探究煤系地层裂隙岩体锚固状态下的蠕变特性,开展不同裂隙倾角(15°、30°、45°、60°、90°)下裂隙加锚试件、裂隙无锚试件、完整试件的单轴蠕变试验。试验结果表明:相同应力加载等级时,裂隙无锚试件的瞬时应变量大于完整试件的瞬时应变量,而裂隙加锚试件与完整试件的瞬时应变量之差随着裂隙倾角的增加逐渐减小;随着应力加载等级的增加,各岩石试件的稳态蠕变量也逐级增大;含裂隙试件的稳态蠕变速率随着裂隙倾角增大呈先下降再上升的趋势,但裂隙加锚试件的稳态蠕变速率小于相同应力等级下裂隙无锚试件的稳态蠕变速率;在裂隙倾角较低时,裂隙无锚试件和裂隙加锚试件的裂纹贯通发展规律差异较大;基于CVISC蠕变模型进行参数反演,得出Maxwell和Kelvin相关系数随应力加载等级的变化趋势;采用应力-应变等时曲线法和非稳定流变判别法研究裂隙试件的长期强度变化规律。该研究结果为煤矿巷道长期稳定性分析及锚杆支护方案提供了试验依据。

煤炭超临界水制氢反应器内多相流场智能滚动预测研究

煤炭超临界水制氢技术在高温高压条件下利用超临界水充分气化煤炭,实现了高效低排放的转化和制氢过程。为解决因反应器内复杂多相流行为导致的仿真耗时问题,以及常见代理模型时序预测时间短、精度下降快等问题,提出基于本征正交分解(proper orthogonal decomposition,POD)和Koopman理论的深度学习模型POD-Koopman,用于捕捉和学习反应器内复杂流场的长时时空演变特征,实现数据驱动的长时滚动预测。测试结果表明其能在较小计算开销下准确滚动预测反应器内多相流场时变行为,助力下游制氢反应器工业化设计及优化任务。