To elucidate the effects of Fe_(2)O_(3) on nitrogen transformation during sludge pyrolysis,thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry(TG-MS)was used to investigate the influences of Fe_(2)O_(3) on the pyrolysis c...To elucidate the effects of Fe_(2)O_(3) on nitrogen transformation during sludge pyrolysis,thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry(TG-MS)was used to investigate the influences of Fe_(2)O_(3) on the pyrolysis characteristics and the release of important gaseous NO_(x) precursors such as HCN and NH_(3) during pyrolysis of three typical amino acids in urban sludge.The results show that after Fe_(2)O_(3) addition,the total weight loss rate of the three amino acids and the initial decomposition temperature of proline are reduced.The release amounts of NH_(3),HCN,CH_(3)CN,and HNCO from these three representative amino acids—glumatic,arginine,and proline,decrease in the order of arginine,glutamic,proline.The generation of Fe-N complexes,reduces the generation of NH_(3),HCN,CH_(3)CN,and HNCO while the catalysis effects of Fe_(2)O_(3) on the formation of H and H2 play a promoting role in the generation of NH_(3),HCN,CH_(3)CN,and HNCO.The results would provide an experimental and theoretical basis for subsequent research on the NOx precursor formation mechanisms during pyrolysis or combustion of Fe-containing sludge or sludge with additives containing Fe.展开更多
In order to reduce the environmental impact of conventional sludge treatment methods and to utilize the energy in sludge more effectively,a coupled system based on sewage sludge gasifier(SSG),solid oxide fuel cells(SO...In order to reduce the environmental impact of conventional sludge treatment methods and to utilize the energy in sludge more effectively,a coupled system based on sewage sludge gasifier(SSG),solid oxide fuel cells(SOFC),supercritical CO_(2)cycle(S-CO_(2)),and organic Rankine cycle(ORC)is proposed.The clean syngas obtained from sludge gasification is mixed with CH4 and then first utilized by the fuel cell.The exhaust gas from the fuel cell is fully combusted in the afterburning chamber and then enters the bottom cycle system consisting of S-CO_(2)&ORC to generate electricity.To understand the performance of the system,thermodynamic and economic analyses were conducted to examine the project's performance.The thermodynamics as well as the economics of the coupled system were analyzed to arrive at the following conclusions,the power production of the system is 37.34 MW;the exergy efficiency is 55.62%,and the net electrical efficiency is 61.48%.The main exergy destruction is the gasifier and SOFC,accounting for 62.45%of the total exergy destruction.It takes only6.13 years to repay the construction investment in the novel system,and the project obtains a NPV of 17723820USD during 20 years lifetime.The above findings indicate that the new coupled system has a better performance in terms of energy utilization and economy.展开更多
为了提高盐泥粉体与有机体系的相容性,采用4种偶联剂对盐泥进行干法表面改性,考察了不同改性剂种类、用量及改性时间对改性盐泥在液体石蜡中分散性的影响,并利用傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)研究了改性机理。结果表明每种改性剂都有一个较佳用...为了提高盐泥粉体与有机体系的相容性,采用4种偶联剂对盐泥进行干法表面改性,考察了不同改性剂种类、用量及改性时间对改性盐泥在液体石蜡中分散性的影响,并利用傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)研究了改性机理。结果表明每种改性剂都有一个较佳用量,钛酸酯NDZ-105、NDZ-311和NDZ-401型的较佳液固比分别为1∶20、1∶10和1∶10,硅烷偶联剂KH-570型的较佳液固比为1∶20;而在这4种偶联剂中,NDZ-105型改性效果最好,在其较佳液固比(1∶20)下,使得改性盐泥在液体石蜡中的浊度达到1 100 NTU以上,其与有机物的亲和性得到很好的改善,其合适改性时间为球磨20 m in。通过对改性与未改性盐泥的红外光谱、热重与差示扫描量热分析表明改性剂与盐泥表面发生了化学吸附。通过工业填充,得到了改性盐泥填充的聚氨酯产品,其性能达到填充CaCO3粉体的聚氨酯性能。展开更多
文摘To elucidate the effects of Fe_(2)O_(3) on nitrogen transformation during sludge pyrolysis,thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry(TG-MS)was used to investigate the influences of Fe_(2)O_(3) on the pyrolysis characteristics and the release of important gaseous NO_(x) precursors such as HCN and NH_(3) during pyrolysis of three typical amino acids in urban sludge.The results show that after Fe_(2)O_(3) addition,the total weight loss rate of the three amino acids and the initial decomposition temperature of proline are reduced.The release amounts of NH_(3),HCN,CH_(3)CN,and HNCO from these three representative amino acids—glumatic,arginine,and proline,decrease in the order of arginine,glutamic,proline.The generation of Fe-N complexes,reduces the generation of NH_(3),HCN,CH_(3)CN,and HNCO while the catalysis effects of Fe_(2)O_(3) on the formation of H and H2 play a promoting role in the generation of NH_(3),HCN,CH_(3)CN,and HNCO.The results would provide an experimental and theoretical basis for subsequent research on the NOx precursor formation mechanisms during pyrolysis or combustion of Fe-containing sludge or sludge with additives containing Fe.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Fund of China(No.52276006)Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51821004)。
文摘In order to reduce the environmental impact of conventional sludge treatment methods and to utilize the energy in sludge more effectively,a coupled system based on sewage sludge gasifier(SSG),solid oxide fuel cells(SOFC),supercritical CO_(2)cycle(S-CO_(2)),and organic Rankine cycle(ORC)is proposed.The clean syngas obtained from sludge gasification is mixed with CH4 and then first utilized by the fuel cell.The exhaust gas from the fuel cell is fully combusted in the afterburning chamber and then enters the bottom cycle system consisting of S-CO_(2)&ORC to generate electricity.To understand the performance of the system,thermodynamic and economic analyses were conducted to examine the project's performance.The thermodynamics as well as the economics of the coupled system were analyzed to arrive at the following conclusions,the power production of the system is 37.34 MW;the exergy efficiency is 55.62%,and the net electrical efficiency is 61.48%.The main exergy destruction is the gasifier and SOFC,accounting for 62.45%of the total exergy destruction.It takes only6.13 years to repay the construction investment in the novel system,and the project obtains a NPV of 17723820USD during 20 years lifetime.The above findings indicate that the new coupled system has a better performance in terms of energy utilization and economy.
文摘为了提高盐泥粉体与有机体系的相容性,采用4种偶联剂对盐泥进行干法表面改性,考察了不同改性剂种类、用量及改性时间对改性盐泥在液体石蜡中分散性的影响,并利用傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)研究了改性机理。结果表明每种改性剂都有一个较佳用量,钛酸酯NDZ-105、NDZ-311和NDZ-401型的较佳液固比分别为1∶20、1∶10和1∶10,硅烷偶联剂KH-570型的较佳液固比为1∶20;而在这4种偶联剂中,NDZ-105型改性效果最好,在其较佳液固比(1∶20)下,使得改性盐泥在液体石蜡中的浊度达到1 100 NTU以上,其与有机物的亲和性得到很好的改善,其合适改性时间为球磨20 m in。通过对改性与未改性盐泥的红外光谱、热重与差示扫描量热分析表明改性剂与盐泥表面发生了化学吸附。通过工业填充,得到了改性盐泥填充的聚氨酯产品,其性能达到填充CaCO3粉体的聚氨酯性能。
