Feasibility Analysis on the Integrated Application of Solar Energy, Biogas, Coal-fired Boiler and Radiant Floor Heating for Rural Residence

The feasibility of adopting a balanced energy mix mode (domestic solar energy, biogas, coal-fired boiler and radiant floor heating) was proposed. Taking a typical rural residence in Zhengzhou City for example, the study through theoretical analysis and calculation showed that such a balanced energy mix is an economic way and efficient in saving energy and reducing air pollution, and elaborated the theoretical feasibility of popularizing such a heat supply mode in rural areas.

Gastrointestinal manifestations of critical ill heatstroke patients and their associations with outcomes:A multicentre,retrospective,observational study

BACKGROUND Extreme heat exposure is a growing health problem,and the effects of heat on the gastrointestinal(GI)tract is unknown.This study aimed to assess the incidence of GI symptoms associated with heatstroke and its impact on outcomes.AIM To assess the incidence of GI symptoms associated with heatstroke and its impact on outcomes.METHODS Patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)due to heatstroke were included from 83 centres.Patient history,laboratory results,and clinically relevant outcomes were recorded at ICU admission and daily until up to day 15,ICU discharge,or death.GI symptoms,including nausea/vomiting,diarrhoea,flatulence,and bloody stools,were recorded.The characteristics of patients with heatstroke concomitant with GI symptoms were described.Multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine significant predictors of GI symptoms.RESULTS A total of 713 patients were included in the final analysis,of whom 132(18.5%)patients had at least one GI symptom during their ICU stay,while 26(3.6%)suffered from more than one symptom.Patients with GI symptoms had a significantly higher ICU stay compared with those without.The mortality of patients who had two or more GI symptoms simultaneously was significantly higher than that in those with one GI symptom.Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that older patients with a lower GCS score on admission were more likely to experience GI symptoms.CONCLUSION The GI manifestations of heatstroke are common and appear to impact clinically relevant hospitalization outcomes.

A novel carbon trap sampling system for coal-fired flue gas mercury measurement

A novel carbon trap sampling system for gas-phase mercury measurement in flue gas is developed, including the high efficient sorbents made of modified biomass cokes and high precision sorbent traps for measuring particle-bound and total vapor-phase mercury in flue gas. A dedusting device is installed to collect fine fly ash for reducing the measurement errors. The thorough comparison test of mercury concentration in flue gas is conducted between the novel sampling system and the Ontario hydro method （OHM） in a 6 kW circulating fluidized bed combustor. Mercury mass balance rates of the OHM range from 95.47% to 104.72%. The mercury breakthrough rates for the second section of the sorbent trap are all below 2%. The relative deviations in the two test cases are in the range of 15. 96% to 17. 56% under different conditions. The verified data suggest that this novel carbon trap sampling system can meet the standards of quality assurance and quality control required by EPA Method 30B and can be applied to the coal-fired flue gas mercury sampling system.

3D simulation on the unit duct in the shell side of the ROD baffle heat exchanger

The ROD baffle heat exchanger can slightly enhance the shell side heat transfer coefficient with the significant reduction of pressure, loss due to the shell side fluid flowing longitudinally through tube bundle, which leads to the reduction of the manufacture and running cost and in some cases to the dimensions reduction of the heat exchangers. Because of the complexities of fluid dynamics equations and the structure of heat exchangers, few theoretical researches have been accomplished to specify the shell side characteristics of the ROD baffle heat exchanger. A unit duct model in the shell side of the longitudinal flow type heat exchanger has been developed based on suitable simplification. A numerical analysis on shell side of the ROD baffle heat exchanger has been carried out at constant wall temperature to obtain the characteristics of heat transfer and pressure drop. The numerical results show that the ROD baffles placed vertically and horizontally in the unit duct continue to shear and comminute the streamline flow when the fluid crosses over the ROD-baffles, and change the fluid flow directions, and then the continuity and stability of the fluid axe destroyed. The effect of disturbing flow can promote fluid turbulent intensity and effectively enhance heat transfer. The numerical analyses can provide the theoretical bases for optimizing the structure of ROD baffle heat exchanger and improving its performance.

Heat Exchanger Network Retrofit of Diesel Hydrotreating Unit Using Pinch Analysis

Diesel hydrotreating unit(DHT)is an integral part of the refinery,and its energy-saving optimization is of great significance to the enterprise.In this paper,process simulation software and energy management software are used to simulate the flowsheet and analyze the energy consumption,respectively.Stream data obtained from an existing DHT are applied in the pinch analysis for retrofitting the heat exchanger network(HEN)to achieve maximum energy utilization by using pinch analysis.Since DHT is constrained by pressure,the pressure factor is considered in the process of retrofitting.The results show that the amount of cross-pinch heat transfer is reduced,the inlet temperature of the furnace is increased by 55℃,and the amount of hot and cold utilities can be reduced by 70.25%and 50.16%,respectively.The economic evaluation indicates that the operating cost is saved by 4.39×10^(6)$/a,and the payback period is about 2 months.

Heat Exchanger Network Retrofit for Optimization of Crude Distillation Unit Using Pinch Analysis

Crude distillation unit(CDU)is regarded as the main energy consumer in the entire refinery process.In this paper,the process simulation software and the energy management software are used to simulate the flowsheet and analyze the energy consumption,respectively.Stream data obtained from an existing CDU are applicable in the pinch analysis.To reduce the amount of cross-pinch heat transfer,three approaches of resequencing,repiping,and adding heat exchangers are adopted.Compared with the existing CDU,the results demonstrate that the inlet temperature of the furnace can be increased by 25.4℃,the amount of hot and cold utilities can be reduced by 15.1%and 19.6%,respectively.The economic evaluation indicates that the operating cost is saved by 8×106$/a,and the payback period is about 9 months.

Parallel Operation Characteristics Analysis of Sewage Source Heat Pump Units in Winter

Sewage source heat pump unit operates under partial load most of the time, and study on the law of coefficient of performance (COP) of the unit varying with load ratio can provide basis for the heat pump units running in high efficiency. A mathematical model determining COP, evaporation temperature and condensation temperature of a single unit was proposed. Under the condition of uniform load distribution, the model was established according to different ways of bearing partial load with the same type multi...

Thermodynamic Simulation of CCP in Air-Cooled Heat Pump Unit with HFCs and CO₂Trans-Critical

The exergy analysis and finite time thermodynamic methods had been employed to analyze the compound condensation process (CCP). It was based on the air-cooling heat pump unit. The cooling capacity of the chiller unit is about 1 kW, and the work refrigerant is R22/R407C/R410A/CO2. The MATLAB/SIMULINK software was employed to build the simulation model. The thermodynamic simulation model is significant for the optimization of parameters of the unit, such as condensation and evaporation temperature and mass flow of the sanitary hot water and size of hot water storage tank. The COP of the CCP of R410A system is about 3% - 5% higher than the CCP of the R22 system, while CCP of the R407C system is a little lower than the CCP of R22 system. And the CCP of CO2 trans-critical system has advantage in the hot supply mode. The simulation method provided a theoretical reference for developing the production of CCP with substitute refrigerant R407C/R410A/CO2.

Research on Operation of Electrothermal Integrated Energy System Including Heat Pump and Thermal Storage Units Based on Capacity Planning

In view of the Three North areas existing wind power absorption and environment pollution problems,the previous scholars have improved the wind abandon problem by adding electrothermal coupling equipment or optimizing power grid operation.In this paper,an electrothermal integrated energy system including heat pump and thermal storage units was proposed.The scheduling model was based on the load data and the output characteristics of power units,each power unit capacity was programmed without constraints,and the proposed scheduling model was compared with the traditional combined heat and power scheduling model.Results showed that the investment and pollutant discharge of the system was reduced respectively.Wind power was fully absorbed.Compared with the traditional thermal power unit,the proportion of the output was significantly decreased by the proposed model.The proposed system could provide a new prospect for wind power absorption and environment protection.

配置吸收式热泵的热电联产机组厂级智能运行优化

为提高配置吸收式热泵的热电联产机组的全厂运行经济性,基于案例电厂的运行历史数据,使用滑动窗口法进行数据预处理并提取稳态工况,建立配置吸收式热泵的热电联产机组煤耗预测数学模型。以全厂热电联产机组总煤耗最小为适应度函数,利用粒子群优化算法求解得出配置吸收式热泵的热电机组最佳背压和各台热电机组最佳抽汽量。基于以上研究设计了供热系统智能优化软件,实现供热系统在线监测与优化调节,对各供热单元分别提出优化指导,使机组运行经济性最佳,进而降低整体煤耗。计算结果表明:实行供热系统智能优化策略可为案例电厂供热系统平均每小时节省标准煤约1.81 t,节能效果显著。

三套管式加肋相变蓄热单元的强化传热特性

相变蓄热技术在利用工业余热、太阳能等解决热能与用户之间的供需不平衡问题方面起着重要的作用,然而受相变材料自身物性的限制,蓄热熔化时仍存在蓄热速度低、熔化不均匀等问题。本文以三套管式相变蓄热单元为基本结构,利用FLUENT软件模拟研究了在考虑自然对流情况下添加纵向肋片的不同参数(肋片数量、长度、厚度、偏心距及肋片排布方式)对三套管式相变蓄热单元蓄热性能的影响。结果表明,三套管式蓄热单元内外双壁面共同加热,与普通套管式蓄热单元相比,换热面积增大,相变材料全部熔化需要的时间缩短;加装纵向直肋片的三套管蓄热单元的熔化速度进一步加快,相同数量肋片下,肋片的长度和厚度是影响蓄热单元蓄热量与平均蓄热速率的主要因素,肋片长度占相变材料区域径向长度的50%时,蓄热单元的熔化速度加快幅度明显且蓄热量与平均蓄热速率较高。通过优化设计,发现内管向下偏移距离e对相变材料的熔化过程作用显著,偏心距离较短时相变材料完全熔化所需时间最少,相比光滑管蓄热单元,相变材料的熔化速率提升了48.5%,偏移距离过长则会延长蓄热时间;通过加密蓄热单元底部外层肋片的排布,蓄热单元的熔化进程有不同程度的加快,总体蓄热速率较原肋片结构有所提高。

集成蓄热装置的火电机组调峰特性分析

【目的】随着新能源的大规模发展,新能源出力不确定性和波动性问题展现出来,而为了弥补新能源出力缺点,火电机组承担起了调峰作用。为了提升火电机组的调峰能力,对其调峰特性进行了研究。【方法】首先,以某350 MW供热机组作为分析对象,应用仿真软件搭建热力系统模型,并验证该模型的精确性。其次,以蓄热系统为辅助系统,研究机组在满足供热需求情况下的机组调峰能力,并分析蓄热等储能单元对机组调峰能力的影响。最后,采用启发式粒子群算法对蓄热水罐运行策略进行优化,得到随热负荷变化的储热罐最优运行模式。【结果】通过蓄热水罐与火电机组耦合的方法有效提升了机组的调峰和供热能力,并提出可以根据实际热负荷数据确定最大化收益的运行模式。【结论】该方法对机组的运行策略具有指导意义。

水冷冷水机组热回收的节能分析

本文首先介绍了夏热冬暖地区生活热水系统常用的三种热水供给方案,并对其所用的热源机组进行能效分析及能耗分析,把空调制冷与生活热水作为一个整体,具体计算了三种方案热源机组的单位制热量耗电指标,这一指标的计算结果表明了回收水冷冷水机组的冷凝余热用于生活热水系统节能效果明显,且在此基础上推导出不同环境温度下运行经济性最佳的水冷冷水机组热回收温度,进而通过工程实例广东佛山某酒店项目的生活热水系统热源机组年能耗计算佐证之。本文量化分析了水冷冷水机组热回收的节能效果以及热回收温度对节能效果的影响,以期为水冷冷水机组热回收的应用及运行提供有益的参考和指导。

风-火-储耦合系统储能容量配置优化对比

为提升风电富集区域风电消纳水平及燃煤机组的灵活性,提出了基于热电共蓄式压缩空气储能的风-火-储耦合系统及系统调度策略,建立了系统的容量配置优化框架,并对7种布局方案进行了多目标优化。优化结果表明:电锅炉将弃风电量转化为热量时,燃煤机组的运行点向电力负荷下限更低的区域移动,风电上网空间增大,燃煤机组出力水平降低;加入热电共蓄式压缩空气储能子系统,使得燃煤机组电功率水平降低;换热器废热的回收进一步降低了燃煤机组产热水平;通过调整燃煤机组热出力,抽汽蓄热子系统能够实现抽汽热的时空平移,促使燃煤机组运行点向电力负荷下限更低的区域移动,可间接促进风电的消纳。综合来看,3种子系统相组合的最佳耦合方案可实现燃煤机组的热电解耦,从而提升了其深度调峰能力,在更大程度消纳风电能力的同时提升了系统的效率和环保性。

某大科学装置项目工艺冷却水系统设计

介绍了某在建大科学装置项目的工艺冷却水系统设计,包括服务对象、系统形式、系统组成、水温控制策略、流量控制策略等方面的内容。简述了热回收型水源热泵在工艺冷却水系统中的应用方案,并对工艺冷却水系统设计后续可开展的工作和研究提出了3个方向。

套管式地埋管换热器节能特性的研究与应用

大庆油田进入开发后期存在着一定数量的废弃井,采用套管式地埋管换热器可以获取到废弃井的中深层的地热能。首先对废弃井转换为地热井的可行性进行分析,通过确定中深层地埋管换热方式,建立外入内出型传热计算模型并对废弃井结构改造。再具体分析大庆油田的地层土壤温度分布和确定边界条件,得出符合现实的理论计算公式。进一步分析套管式地埋管换热器取热评价指标与传热影响因素研究,得到流体流量和进口温度对传热影响因素,及循环流体进口温度对运行特性的影响对取热效率的影响规律。最后,通过对两种工况的废弃井现场试验,得到套管式地埋管换热器平均换热量为478.5 kWh。为利用大庆油田1700口废弃井的节能改造找到了一条切实可行的出路。

加氢装置开工预硫化期间加热炉烟气SO_(2)浓度超标原因分析及对策

在加氢装置开工预硫化期间,加热炉烟气SO_(2)浓度多次异常上升甚至超标,企业被迫停止回收火炬气。通过对开工预硫化期间循环氢、低压分离器气和火炬气中硫化物的类型和含量进行分析,推测是因为所使用的硫化剂二甲基二硫醚分步分解产生的甲硫醇和甲硫醚随着火炬气进入燃料气系统,甲硫醇、甲硫醚燃烧生成的SO_(2)导致加热炉烟气中的SO_(2)浓度超标。针对这一问题,可以通过优化火炬气脱硫溶剂、使用器外真硫化催化剂、使用新型硫化剂等方式解决。

S Zorb装置反应器接收器脱气线和再生器取热盘管改造

某公司对S Zorb装置首个运行周期内出现的反应器接收器脱气线泄漏、再生器取热盘管泄漏等运行问题开展了技术攻关,提出了工艺优化调整、工程技术改造建议。2019年大检修时对反应器脱气线进行扩径,由DN100扩径为DN150,控制气提量小于670 m^(3)/h,对再生系统取热蒸汽和再生风流控阀等进行了工程技术改造。第二运行周期未出现脱气线减薄泄漏和再生器取热盘管泄漏问题。2023年6月大检修时对上次大检修改造部位进行检查以验证工程改造的有效性,经全面检查,确认脱气线内部未发现冲刷痕迹,再生器取热盘管打压合格,外观正常,证明改造措施有效,可以满足“四年一修”目标要求。