Soil Environmental Quality Evaluation for Wasteland of Coalmine Tailing Polluted by Heavy Metals in Mingshan of Guangdong

ln order to appraise scientifical y the heavy metal contamination in waste-land of coalmine tailing in Mingshan of Guangdong, the 5 soil samples in wasteland of coalmine tailing were col ected in November 2010 to March 2011. The 7 heavy metals content in the contaminated soil was measured by atomic absorption spec-trophotometry. The results showed the pH of the wasteland soil ranged from 2.87 to 6.16, and the soil was relatively infertile. The soil was mainly pol uted by Cd and Mn. The Cd content in wasteland soil ranged from 0.759 mg/kg to 3.109 mg/kg with an average content of 2.052 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Mn content ranged from 387.057 to 488.660 mg/kg with an average content of 421.215 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Nemerow integrated pol ution indexes showed the sample 1, sample 4 and sample 5 were of heavy pol ution, and sample 2 and sample 3 were of moderate pol ution.

Mapping coalmine goaf using transient electromagnetic method and high density resistivity method in Ordos City, China

The research about subsurface characteristics by using transient electromagnetic method（TEM） and high density resistivity method（HDRM） were already conducted in Ordos. The objective of this research is to detect coalmine goaf areas based on rock resistivity. The data processing using wavelet transform, three point smoothing, RES2 DINV and Maxwell processing software to obtain 2D resistivity structure. The results showed that the layers with maximum resistivity values（30e33 U m on Line 1, 30e31 U m on Line 2, 32e40 U m on Line3） are founded at station 1e7, and 14e20 on Line 1,13e18 on Line 2, and 8e13 and 16e20 on Line 3 which is predicted as goaf layer, and the minimum resistivity values（20e26 U m of TEM, 45e75 U m of HDRM） at the other layers. This resistivity difference was caused by the geology and characteristics of the study area which is located close by the cleugh with rich coal, so the goaf area distinguishable with aquifer layer and coal seam. The results were also significant accidents and serious destruction of ecological environment.

Natural vegetation recovery on waste dump in opencast coalmine area

The changes of vegetation compositions, plant species diversity, species important value and succession of plant community were studied on waste dumps in Haizhou opencast coalmine which is located in the west of Liaoning Province, China (41°41(-42°56( N, 121°1(-122°56(E). Four kinds of terraces with different ages (5, 10, 20 and 40 years) were selected for investigation of plants. Total of 63 species of natural colonized plants were recorded on the waste dump and they belong to 23 families. The main families were Compositae (15 species), Fabaceae (11 species) and Leguminosae (8 species), which accounted for 54.0% of total species and play an important role in natural vegetation recovery in waste dump area. The dominant species on 5-, 10-, 20-, 40-year-old terraces were Tribulus terrestris + Echinochloa hispidula + Salsola collina, Echinochloa hispidula + Artemisia sieversiana + Artemisia scoparia, Echinochloa hispidula + Clinelymus dahuricus + Artemisia scoparia + Artemisia sieversiana + Melilotus officinalis, Clinelymus dahuricus+Phragmites communis + Echinochloa hispidula+ Setaria viridis, respectively. According to the important value of species calculated. It is determined that Tribulus terrestris can act as pioneer species on waste dump and Clinelymus dahuricus, Phragmites communis and Echinochloah hispidula are important dominant species in vegetation restoration in Haizhou opencast coalmine. The study results can provide scientific basis for selecting and disposing appropriately plant species and rehabilitating vegetation on waste dumps of coalmine.

Stability of roadways in coalmines alias rock mechanics in practice

This paper describes the procedures for design of supports and stabilization measures in the roadways.The procedures are based on the system developed in Ostrava-Karvina coal basin in Czech Republic.The calculation of load bearing capacity of roadway supports contains the period of roadway construction and mining in the vicinities,based on the size of the natural rock arch.The loading of supports during mining comes from a stress wave in the rock mass in the forefront of coalface and the caving area of mined-out panel.The input data for the calculation method are deduced according to in-situ measurements of convergence and displacement in the roadways.

矿井三维信息管理模式与CoalMiner^(3D)系统开发

矿井三维信息管理对煤田的有效科学规划和安全高效生产有着重要的意义,也是实现矿山管理和生产现代化的关键技术之一。依托“大柳塔煤矿三维信息管理决策系统”项目,面向煤田的有效科学规划和安全高效生产,针对煤矿的生产、安全与管理的特点,以矿山专业软件M icro-m ine为系统开发平台,利用V isual C++和数据库技术,以各种地质、测量、采矿工程数据为基础,以三维可视化技术以及地质建模技术为手段,初步开发了具有真三维特点的煤矿生产管理信息系统CoalM iner3D。系统有助于指导矿区的科学规划、资源管理、安全生产、辅助决策等,也为国内的其他矿井提供信息化建设的样板。

Numerical simulation and analysis of underground pressure in the 101 fully-mechanized top coal caving face of the Tingnan Coalmine

The forms of roof break,roof fall,and effects of the region scope in a fully mechanizedtop-coal caving (FMTC) face of the 101 fully-mechanized top coal caving face ofthe Tingnan Coalmine were analyzed by UDEC and FLAC^(3D) software.The analysis resultconfirms the phenomenon of roof falling,roof-off-strata,roof breaking,first weighting,periodicweighting and stress concentration,redistributions of surrounding rock and so on.Itprovides the gist to analyze the law of roof movement,characteristic of confining pressure,and to determine the formative structure forms of the immediate roof and main roof duringthe caving process.These results and the underground pressure observation results are inagreement.

New Discovery of Post-Magmatic Pyrite in Natural Coke at Yangliu Coalmine,Northern China

Objective Material exchange between magma and coal has recently received much attention, with published studies dedicated mainly to intrusion-related geochemical anomalies(An et al., 2017). It is found that magmatism not only alters the chemical compositions of coal seams, but also brings new minerals to natural coke. Although some studies have related magmatic water to secondary minerals in the natural coke, the mineral formation

Optimization of Slope Angle and Its Seismic Stability: A Case Study for the Proposed Open Pit Coalmine in Phulbari,NW Bangladesh

The present study reflects upon the results of substantial program of two-dimensional Finite Element Method （FEM） numerical analyses of the open pit that links to slope angle optimization associated with the safety factor of the pit slope of a coal mine in Bangladesh. In the present analyses, two types of models have been presented. The first model estimates safety factor without seismic effect on the overall pit slope of the model; the second model incorporates safety factor with seismic stability of the model. The calculated optimum slope angle of the first model is 31% with a rational safety factor of 1.51, prior to the seismic effect. However, the value is reduced to 0.93, 0.82, and 0.72, after we applies the seismic effect in the second model with M6, M6.5, and M7, respectively. Finally, our modeling results emphasize that for the case of the proposed Phulbari coalmine, there is extremely high prospect for causing massive slope failure along the optimum pit slope angle with 31% if the mine area felt seismic shaking, like the Sikkim （in northern India） earthquake with M6.9 on September 18, 2011.

Analysis on geological structures influencing gas occurrence at Qidong coalmine

The occurrence state of methane is mostly controlled by coalfield geologicalstructures.The coal-bearing strata at Qidong coalmine experienced many tectonic cyclessince their formation.The gas content made by the complicated structural geologic systemat the coalfield is very different, which is obviously higher on the north side of the Weimiaofracture belt than that on the south side and near itself.This thesis discussed the gas occurrenceregularity based on the geometric characteristics of the geological structure andits regional tectonic evolution.This study can provide a foundation for coalfield exploitationand deal with coal and gas outburst.

Stochastic prediction and control to methane in coalmine

The ventilation system plays an essential role in underground workings, and improvements in dilution effect to stochastic methane build-up at cul-de-sac of a coalmine require the installation of mixed ventilation system. For 4-12-1 I N02.8A centrifugal ventilation fan, the characteristic operating function of its mixed ventilation system is calculated from ventilation quantity and total pressure in the actual working status. At cul-de-sac of the reference coalmine, the evolution of methane concentration is a compound Poisson process and equivalent to a Brownian motion for Gaussian distributed increments. Solution of stochastic differential equation driven by mixed ventilation system, with dilution equation for its closure, provides parameters of mine ventilation system for keeping methane concentration within the permissible limit at cul-de-sac of the reference coalmine. These results intend to shed some light on application of blowing-sucking mixed ventilation systems in underground workings, and establish stochastic trends to consider methane control in coalmines.

淮北煤田钱营孜矿井控煤构造特征及其动力学背景分析

钱营孜矿井位于淮北煤田宿县矿区的西部,毗邻徐宿弧形推覆构造南段的外缘带。为认识该矿井构造变形与演化规律、动力学机制以及指导未来资源探采方向提供重要地质依据。利用最新的矿井地质勘探与生产资料,对钱营孜矿井开展构造格架和控煤构造样式分析,划分矿井构造期次,讨论构造发育的区域大地构造背景。结果表明,矿井内石炭纪-二叠纪含煤地层总体呈一轴向NNE、向SSW仰起的宽缓向斜;矿井内断裂构造非常发育,逆断层数量大于正断层,2类断层的走向均以NE至NNE向为主,其次为NS向;矿井构造格架显著受控于数条NS向至NE向的大型断层,自西向东受南坪断层、F_(22)、F_(17)、DF_(200)及双堆断层等主干断层的分割,呈现东、西分带特征;矿井控煤构造样式可以划分为挤压、伸展和走滑3个类型,以及逆冲牵引褶皱、对冲式构造、冲起构造、叠瓦状构造、地堑、地垒、阶梯状断层、正花状构造、羽状雁列式构造9个亚类型;构造组合分析表明,F_(17)断层除逆冲活动之外,还存在显著的平移活动。矿井构造可划分为5期,从早到晚分别为:轴向NNE的冯家向斜、近NS向逆断层、NNE向逆-左行平移断层及NE向逆断层、近NS向正断层、NE向正断层。矿井内第1,2期缩短构造分别是印支期华北克拉通与华南板块汇聚过程中的前陆变形及随后陆-陆碰撞造山变形的影响结果;第3期压扭性构造与西太平洋区伊泽奈崎板块早白垩世初向东亚大陆边缘快速斜向俯冲有关;第4,5期伸展构造则是早白垩世以来中国东部强烈伸展背景下发育而成。

煤矿工种知识图谱智能问答研究

知识图谱是用于表征实体间结构关系的新一代知识库,其通过语义网络描述现实世界事物之间的逻辑关系,而基于知识图谱的智能问答技术也在不断发展,智能问答系统与知识图谱相结合,是对结构化知识的进一步剖析及利用。该文通过收集煤矿工种专业信息,构建煤矿工种知识图谱,并在此基础上对智能问答技术和系统进行了研究。在知识图谱构建方面,对工种专业进行定义,通过Bert-BiLSTM-CRF实体识别模型对煤矿工种关键信息进行抽取,再利用图数据库存储三元组工种知识数据得到工种图谱。在智能问答环节,通过设计问题模板,利用Bert模型实现端到端的问句意图识别和槽位提取,并采用Sentente-Bert对问句的提及词和知识图谱的候选实体进行链接,继而将问句转化形成图数据库查询语句,从图谱中返回答案。实验结果表明,构建的煤矿工种知识图谱及智能问答系统,在多个评价指标表现良好,可以满足煤矿工种知识问答需求,为煤矿智能化建设做出了有益探索。

基于水化学及氢氧同位素的采空区积水水源识别:以巴彦高勒煤矿为例

针对煤矿采空区积水水源识别问题,以巴彦高勒煤矿为例,首先对研究区充水因素进行了分析,通过多种方法确定了导水裂隙带发育高度,初步判断侏罗系延安组与直罗组含水层为采空区直接充水含水层。其次,根据研究区含水层及采空区水样数据资料,分别对水样水化学特征和氢氧同位素特征进行详细分析,结果表明:研究区采空区积水无论是其高矿化度、弱碱性、硫酸钠型水的水化学特征,还是氢氧同位素组成特征都与侏罗系含水层水接近,与第四系及白垩系志丹群存在较大差异。最后,综合以上分析,确定了采空区积水水源主要为侏罗系延安组与直罗组含水层。研究成果可为类似煤矿采空区水害防治决策提供依据。

煤矿井下图像的双分支耦合Transformer网络增强方法

受煤矿井下光源少、光照不均匀等因素影响,井下采集到的图像存在照度低、呈现大量暗区、细节信息模糊或缺失、过暗产生噪声等问题。现有图像增强方法在进行低照度图像增强时容易出现色彩失真、细节信息丢失等缺点,另外深度学习低照度图像增强方法在一定程度上解决了低照度图像亮度增强的问题,但其模型泛化能力较差,在实际煤矿井下场景应用效果不佳。针对上述问题,利用Transformer本身泛化能力强的优势,提出一种基于Transformer模型的低照度图像增强算法。融合Swin v2模块与卷积模块,构建煤矿井下低照度图像的乘法图和加法图,并与原图像进行叠加拟合,以解决细节信息模糊或缺失、过暗产生噪声的问题。同时采用多尺度模块的注意力机制对叠加拟合后的图像进行色彩处理,以解决图像亮度提升有限、存在大量暗区以及色彩失真的问题。经实验表明,相较于LIME、Zero-DCE、RetiNexNet、MBLLEN、KIND算法,本文算法在客观质量指标峰值信噪比(PSNR)和结构相似性(SSIM)上的表现,分别提高了34.76%、55.73%,47.32%、52.76%,22.52%、25.7%,19.615%、12.285%,5.81%、2.625%。同时定性分析结果表明该方法能够对煤矿井下低照度图像进行显著增强,图像亮度达到可视范围,相比其他方法,色彩更加真实,图像细节信息更为清晰。说明本文提出的算法在图像噪声程度、色彩失真程度、对比度、结构相似度以及亮度等方面均具有良好的性能,整体相对较优。

典型煤矿区小煤窑老空水探查治理关键技术及其应用

以峰峰矿区辛安矿为例,经探查在+32 m、-100 m水平矿井涌水量中,周边小煤窑老空水约占总涌水量的70%。现已探明采空区内有3处重要涌水点均在大青灰岩含水层,最大涌水量可达6 m^(3)/min。由于涌水点位于封闭采空区,井下不具备定向钻探施工的条件。因此,拟采用地面多分支水平井定向钻探技术对大青灰岩含水层进行探查,通过综合运用超浅垂深定向施工、立体通道精细探查、定向水平孔投料、过水通道动水快速封堵等关键技术,不仅可以高效的识别出采空区涌水点,而且经现场抽水验证,地面多分支水平井注浆技术能够对井下突水点精准有效封堵。

超千米深埋沿空巷道围岩破坏特征及控制技术研究

为解决超千米深埋沿空巷道围岩失稳难题,以平煤股份十一矿具体工程为背景,通过表面位移监测、钻孔窥视、围岩钻孔取芯及拉压剪常规力学试验,分析了典型超千米深埋沿空巷道的围岩损伤破坏规律,提出了以高性能中空钢绞线锚索为基础的厚层预应力全长锚固理论与技术,并通过现场试验对维控效果进行了验证。结果表明:该类巷道围岩属于高应力—节理化复合型软岩,长期维控具有较大挑战。采用厚层预应力全长锚固技术后,巷道顶板及两帮的变形量相比原支护方案降低58.64%、61.65%,巷道掘巷稳定期明显减短,围岩完整性、稳定性及巷道稳定性显著加强,能够满足巷道长期维控的要求。

离子色谱法测定煤矿水中氟离子含量

目的建立了离子色谱法测定煤矿水中的氟离子含量的方法。方法水样经0.22μm水系滤膜过滤后进样,进样体积为25μL,采用HS-5A-P3阴离子交换柱、淋洗液流速1.0 mL/min、淋洗液浓度C(KOH)20 mmol/L、柱温35℃等条件下电导检测器在4 min内完成氟离子的测定。结果氟离子浓度在0.00-20.0 mg/L范围内,与峰面积线性关系良好,线性回归方程为:y=30.26x-0.104;该标准曲线的相关系数为0.9997,方法检出限为0.002 mg/L,加标回收率为88.0%-115.5%。采用该方法测定标准样品中氟离子含量的均值在其浓度保证值范围内。结论对比离子选择电极法,该方法具有样品用量少、能同时测定其他几种组分等优点,适合大批量煤矿水中氟离子含量的测定。

考虑排水管路温度应力变化的支承梁可变荷载分析方法

矿井开采模式逐渐向深部延伸的转变加深了高温热害对生产的影响。常用设计规范显示排水管路温度应力与支承梁的力之间存在倍增关系,这直接关系到矿井的安全运行。因此,针对煤矿井筒内排水管路温度应力对支承梁的作用力问题,基于温度应力与变形量原理,创新性提出了立井井筒中排水管路支撑梁计算模型,并采用矩形运算方法计算得出两端和中间管路支撑梁所受力。综合了温度应力的影响,通过理论计算与分析得到支撑梁的计算温度应力值均小于规范中的温度变化标准值,显著地降低了托架支撑力的原有设计值,从理论上证明了在实践中托架的支撑力小于规范设计值却能安全使用的合理性。

尔林兔煤矿智能化掘进系统规划设计

智能掘进系统掘进是煤矿智能化建设的重要环节。以汇能集团尔林兔煤矿智能化综掘工作面建设为例,对掘进系统的超前探测、支护系统、钻锚系统、运输系统和远程集控系统等进行了智能化规划设计,可为尔林兔矿建设安全、高效、快速的掘进工作面提供技术指导。

红柳林煤矿中西部区域煤层顶板突水危险性评价

榆神矿区原煤产量持续增加,对推进国家西部能源基地建设,保障国家能源安全具有重要意义。随着煤层开采深度不断加大,地质环境条件越来越复杂,煤层顶板水害威胁日益凸显。依据红柳林煤矿中西部地区水文地质勘查成果资料,对煤矿水文地质条件和充水因素进行研究分析,拟评价煤层开采顶板突水危险性。研究表明,红柳林煤矿中西部区域煤层开采突水威胁主要来源于上覆含水层水与老空区积水,局部覆岩较薄地区随着导水裂隙带贯穿地表还受到地表水的影响。但总体而言,其突水程度受导水裂隙带发育高度影响,较为可控。提出的防治水工作建议可为矿井中西区煤层后续安全开采和顶板探放水工作提供科学依据。