Preparation of casting alloy ZL101 with coarse aluminum-silicon alloy

The coarse Al-Si alloy produced by carbothermal reduction of aluminous ore contains 55% Al,25% Si and some impurities.The main impurities are slag and iron.The process of manufacturing casting Al-Si alloy ZL101 with the coarse Al-Si alloy was studied.The phase constitution and microstructure of the coarse Al-Si alloy,slag and ZL101 were examined by X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy.The results show that the content of silicon and iron in the casting alloy reduces with the increase of the dosage of purificant and manganese,but increases with the rise of filtering temperature.It is found that casting Al-Si alloy conforming to industrial standard can be produced after refining by using purificant,and removing iron by using manganese and added magnesium.

Influence of hydrogen content on the behavior of grain reflnement in hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy

Dissolved hydrogen is harmful to mechanical properties of refinedhypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloys. In the present work, by using a stepped-form mold and thehydrogen-detecting instrument HYSCAN II, the relationship between the initial hydrogen content inthe melt and the refinement effect on the casting of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy wasinvestigated. The experimental results show that the cooling rate, the hydrogen content and thegrain refinement effect are three interactive factors. When the hydrogen content is above 0.20mL/100 g and the cooling rate is lower than that in 50 mm-thick step, hydrogen dissolved in thealloy melt influences the grain refinement effect. With increasing the cooling rate, the criticalhydrogen content increases too. It is expected that much hydrogen in the melt make the netinterfacial energy larger than or equal to zero, resulting in the shielding of the particles AlPduring solidification and that the critical gas content is closely related to the critical radius ofembryo bubbles.

Hydrogen Content and Porosity Behavior of Hypereutectic Aluminum-silicon Alloy with Phosphorus

By making castings that pick up gas from moisture in red sand molds,the porosity generated at different cooling rates was discussed during solidification of hypereutectic Al-25%Si alloy without and with phosphorus additions. The effect of phosphorus addition on hydrogen content in the melt was also studied. It was observed that the phosphorus addition made hydrogen content in alloy melts present a “see-saw' tendency.In addition to primary silicon refinement,the phosphorus promoted gas porosity formed not only in slowly cooled sections, but also in rapidly cooled sections. There was a small difference in density of full dense sample between P-refined and unrefined castings, with a larger density associated with phosphorous addition. The change of the surface tension seemed more reasonable to explain the mechanism of porosity behavior.

铝合金塑性成形粗晶现象的研究进展

铝合金经过热塑性变形或者塑性变形+热处理后,可能发生晶粒异常长大而形成粗晶。粗晶会大幅降低构件的力学性能、耐腐蚀性能和抗疲劳性能,因此必须得到有效控制。对铝合金塑性成形粗晶的研究主要集中在2×××、6×××、7×××系热处理可强化型铝合金以及5×××系热处理不可强化型铝合金,研究内容已经覆盖塑性成形工艺、热处理制度、微观组织演变、数值仿真模拟等方面。为了明晰铝合金塑性成形构件粗晶现象的研究现状,为相关研究提供参考,对铝合金塑性成形粗晶现象的研究进展进行了梳理。首先,分析了材料成分、变形温度、变形速度、固溶温度、固溶时间和模具结构对晶粒异常长大的影响;其次,从晶粒取向分布、应变诱导储能和第二相钉扎作用的角度总结了晶粒异常长大的机理;再次,归纳了包括改变坯料初始状态、合理的锻造技术和中间形变热处理等有效抑制粗晶产生的方法;最后对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

GH4169合金叶片条纹形成机理及对疲劳寿命的影响

某批GH4169合金转子叶片在表面腐蚀检查时发现叶身表面存在条纹,对条纹的形成机理及其对叶片疲劳寿命的影响进行了分析。结果表明,叶片表面条纹为沿锻造流线分布的粗晶带及夹杂物聚集带,遗传自熔炼工艺;夹杂物共有两类,一类为Ti、Nb的碳氮化物,另一类为以Mg Al_(2)O_(4)为核心的复合夹杂物。当条纹内夹杂物颗粒尺寸均小于5μm,且粗晶带与基体晶粒度级差小于ASTM的2级时,这类条纹对叶片疲劳寿命影响甚微。δ相析出峰值低温时效后高温再结晶双级退火处理并热轧,可有效细化GH4169合金晶粒。

以TC4钛合金粗粉为原料不同工艺制备涂层的耐腐蚀与耐磨性能

以粒径为53~106μm的TC4钛合金粗粉为原料,分别采用超音速火焰喷涂、大气等离子喷涂、激光熔覆及对超音速火焰喷涂涂层进行激光重熔等4种工艺在AA1060铝基体和Q235钢基体表面制备TC4钛合金涂层,对比研究了不同工艺下涂层的物相组成、微观结构、耐腐蚀性能与耐磨性能。结果表明:超音速火焰喷涂涂层和大气等离子喷涂涂层主要以α相为主,等离子喷涂涂层还含有一定量的TiO相,这2种涂层与基体的结合方式为机械结合,孔隙率较高;铝基体表面激光熔覆涂层和激光重熔超音速火焰喷涂涂层的主要物相为α相,而Q235钢基体表面则为β相,这2种涂层与基体的结合方式均为冶金结合,结构更加致密,晶粒更加细小,孔隙率极低。大气等离子喷涂涂层的平均硬度可达476 HV,约为超音速火焰喷涂涂层的2倍,激光熔覆涂层和激光重熔超音速火焰喷涂涂层的平均硬度分别超过550,600 HV;Q235钢基体表面涂层的硬度高于铝基体表面的涂层。大气等离子喷涂涂层的平均结合强度均约为30 MPa,比超音速火焰喷涂涂层高30%以上。在质量分数3.5%NaCl溶液中4种涂层按照自腐蚀电流密度从小到大的顺序依次为激光熔覆涂层、大气等离子喷涂涂层、激光重熔超音速火焰喷涂涂层、超音速火焰喷涂涂层。在铝基体表面,激光熔覆涂层的摩擦因数最小,大气等离子喷涂涂层的磨损率最小;在钢基体表面,激光重熔超音速火焰喷涂涂层的摩擦因数最小,激光重熔超音速火焰喷涂涂层和大气等离子喷涂涂层的磨损率相近,且小于其他2种涂层。大气等离子喷涂技术在采用粗粉制备TC4钛合金涂层方面具有最佳的性能与成本优势。

铝挤压型材粗晶组织对焊接质量影响

研究采用熔化极惰性气体保护焊(MIG)、搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)、非熔化极惰性气体保护自熔焊(TIG自熔),对三种不同粗晶层厚度的7108铝合金进行焊接,并对焊接接头进行焊缝截面低倍、高倍试验及焊接接头的力学性能测试。结果表明,随着粗晶层厚度的增加,焊接接头内部质量及力学性能均有降低,由于熔化焊热输入会造成晶粒严重长大,故而粗晶层厚度对于熔化焊焊缝质量影响比搅拌摩擦焊影响大。

Influence of Ce and Mn addition on α-Fe morphology in recycled Al-Si alloy ingots

The influence of Ce or Ce and Mn combined additions on the morphology of a-Fe phases in recycled AloSi alloys was experimentally investigated by microstructure observation and room temperature tensile testing. It is found that Ce modifies the morphology of a-Fe phase from the large Chinese script-like into the individual and fine nodular shape. A combined addition of Ce and Mn results in the promotion of primary a-Fe formation, and their size increases considerably with the increase in Ce content. The mechanism of the above morphological changes was discussed in accordance with the nucleation and growth of a-Fe phase during solidification.

Structural Modification of Sand Cast Eutectic Al-Si Alloys with Sulfur/Sodium and Its Effect on Mechanical Properties

In the present study, the structural modification of sand cast Al-12wt%Si alloy with sulfur/sodium and its effect on mechanical properties were investigated. Different addition levels of sulfur and sodium were used to modify and produce castings of the same shape and size from the alloy. The results indicated that the addition of sodium or sulfur to eutectic Al-Si alloy can modify the Al-Si eutectic morphology from needle-like eutectic silicon structure to fine-scale eutectic silicon structure with significant improvement in mechanical properties of the alloy. The optimum levels of modification by sodium flux (60% NaF and 40% NaCl) and sulfur were found to be 0.6% - 1.0% and 0.02% - 0.05% of the weight of the alloy respectively. The alloy modified with 0.6% Na flux had the best mechanical properties closely followed by the one modified with 0.02% sulfur. Over modification of the alloy with sodium produced over modification band which consisted of aluminum dendrites and coarse silicon particles in the microstructure of the alloy. Increase in concentration of sulfur decreased the degree of fineness of the eutectic silicon structure with significant decrease in mechanical properties of the alloy and this is suggested to be as a result of the presence of a brittle sulfur compound at the grain interfaces of the alloy.

Effect of Al-Si Alloy Addition on Properties of Fused Spinel Carbon Materials

Fused magnesium aluminate spinel carbon materials were prepared using fused magnesium aluminate spinel and flake graphite as the main raw materials and phenolic resin as the binder.The effects of the Al-Si alloy addition(0,2%,4%,6%,8%and 10%,by mass)on the properties of fused magnesium aluminate spinel carbon materials were studied.The results show that fiber materials are generated in the samples with Al-Si alloy addition,which can significantly improve the cold and hot modulus of rupture,the cold elastic modulus,and the thermal shock resistance of the samples.When the addition of Al-Si alloy is 6%-8%,the comprehensive performance of the sample is the optimum.

Evaluate the Effects of Various Surface Roughness on the Tribological Characteristics under Dry and Lubricated Conditions for Al-Si Alloy

The effect of surface roughness average of hypereutectic aluminum silicon alloys (with 16 wt% Si) on the friction and wear was investigated. Various surface roughness average (Ra) of different degrees was verified as well as three different loads 10, 20 and 30 N, speeds 200, 300 and 400 rpm and relative humidity 77%. Different surface preparation techniques are resulted in different Ra values from (6, 8 and 12) ± 0.05 μm. The contacts were dried sliding and lubricated regime at 2.5 centimeters per second. Surfaces were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray dispersive analyses. It was noted that the weighted and volumetric wear rate decreases as degree of roughness decreases, as well as coefficient of friction is considered as a function of the stability state. Wear rate is decreased and the transition stress from high to low wear is increased with increasing surface roughness average. There was a correlation between friction coefficient and hardness.

高强铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头疲劳起裂机理及应力比的影响研究

分别对7050-T7451铝合金母材及其搅拌摩擦焊接头进行高周疲劳试验,获得了应力比为0.1、0.3和0.5下母材与接头的S-N曲线,借助扫描电镜分析母材与接头断口区域的微观形貌,并进一步探究了粗大第2相对疲劳行为的影响.据此,Al_(23)CuFe_(4)、Al_(7)Cu_(2)Fe和Al_(2)Mg_(3)Zn_(3)是首选的接头裂纹起始点,而Mg_(2)Si是母体材料的主要断裂起始点,裂纹倾向于沿着密集的粗大第2相传播,对于较大的裂纹来说变得更加明显.根据实验观察,可以确定两种不同的裂纹形核机制分别为裂纹在粗大第2相的主体中形核和裂纹在第2相和基体的界面上出现.第1种形核机制主要出现在Mg_(2)Si中,第2种形核机制则以Al_(23)CuFe_(4)、Al_(7)Cu_(2)Fe和Al_(2)Mg_(3)Zn_(3)等白色第2相为主,又因为母材和焊缝的粗大第2相存在显著差异,所以,需要对不同相在焊缝和母材中的差异进行针对性分析,以此来确定接头与母材试样疲劳起裂机理的异同.结果表明,低应力比下,与基体连接紧密的白色第2相产生的应力集中低于母材的屈服强度,故与母材连接较弱的Mg_(2)Si相成为母材疲劳裂纹萌生的主要位置,而焊缝中由于热机械作用使得白色第2相粗化,其完整性相对母材中的白色第2相显著降低,进而成为裂纹萌生的主要位置.随应力比增加,白色第2相产生的应力集中增加,母材和焊缝中白色第2相成为裂纹萌生位置的数量逐渐增加.

GH4720Li合金粗晶组织热变形细化预测研究

目的研究不同变形参数下GH4720Li合金动态再结晶行为,建立GH4720Li合金粗晶组织动态再结晶细化的预测模型,为铸态初轧GH4720Li合金锻造工艺参数制定、粗晶组织消除、细晶组织获得提供理论支撑。方法在温度为1030~1150℃、应变速率为0.01~10 s^(-1)条件下,对铸态初轧GH4720Li合金粗晶组织进行了热压缩实验,分析了不同变形参数下合金的动态再结晶行为。研究了合金动态再结晶演化机制,构建了GH4720Li合金粗晶组织动态再结晶预测模型和晶粒尺寸模型,并结合实验对模型的准确性进行了验证。结果在合金热压缩过程中,流变应力表现出明显的加工硬化、动态回复和动态再结晶软化平衡特征,粗晶组织动态再结晶细化程度可以通过流变应力变化间接反映。根据应力-应变数据计算得到合金的热变形激活能为1230.48 kJ/mol,确定了Z参数与峰值应变和临界应变之间的关系,发现峰值应变和临界应变与Z参数均呈线性关系。通过观察合金微观组织发现,在变形过程中发生了非连续动态再结晶和连续动态再结晶,2种变形机制共同影响着粗晶组织的演化,所建立的动态再结晶细化模型和动态再结晶晶粒尺寸模型与实验值最大相对误差仅为8.5%和8.9%。结论所建模型的预测结果与实验结果基本一致,模型预测值具有较高的准确性,可以利用所建模型对合金动态再结晶细化进行定量预测。

粗晶铝合金超塑性变形机理的研究现状

介绍了国内外粗晶铝合金超塑性的基本研究情况。对粗晶铝合金超塑性变形机理的研究进行归类总结,主要包括:扩散蠕变机理、伴随扩散蠕变的晶界滑移机理、位错蠕变/滑移机理、液相协调机理、动态再结晶机理、晶粒群滑移机理和空洞连接协调机制。并针对低成本发展铝合金超塑性研究的迫切性,展望了粗晶材料的应用前景。指出了除大晶粒外,高应变速率和低温条件下的超塑性也是目前铝合金变形研究的方向。

3003铝合金扁铸锭表面花斑缺陷分析及改进措施

某批次3003铝合金扁铸锭铣面后表面花斑缺陷导致后续产品出现色差、亮条、性能不均等成品缺陷。因此对其宏观、微观形貌进行分析。结果表明,3003铝合金扁铸锭铣面后表面花斑缺陷本质为表面粗晶层,粗晶晶粒尺寸可达300μm以上,粗晶层深度可达30 mm以上。3003铝合金扁铸锭表层花斑缺陷的产生与铸造过程中铸造温度控制不当,下注管及分流袋没入铝液深度不合适,钛丝选择及质量控制不合理有关。采取提升铸造温度,增加下注管及分流袋没入铝液深度,选用Al-5Ti-1B丝的解决措施后,有效解决了3003铝合金扁铸锭表面花斑缺陷问题。

6082铝合金模锻件工艺改进后组织性能

为了生产出符合要求的锻件,改进了6082铝合金模锻件锻造工艺,换用了粗晶环深度H≤2 mm挤压铝棒毛坯。生产的锻件晶粒度G≥10级、无过烧,粗晶环深度H≤3 mm,分型面处粗晶环深度H≤7 mm,无成层、折叠、裂纹等缺陷,金属流线按照产品外形及受力方向均匀分布(无穿流、无涡流、无对冲)。锻件及其装配件的整体机械性能均满足相关标准规定的技术要求。

6×××系铝合金车体型材粗晶的研究进展

6×××系铝合金作为可热处理强化的中高强度铝合金,具有优良的可焊性和耐蚀性,在轨道交通领域已得到广泛应用。然而,粗晶环的存在严重影响了其作为结构材料的优良性能。介绍了铝型材粗晶产生原因,总结了减小轨道车体用6×××系铝合金型材的晶粒度和粗晶环厚度的措施,包括合金化学成分调整,均匀化退火、挤压工艺和热处理工艺的优化,模具结构调整等。

Effect of coarse TiN inclusions and microstructure on impact toughness fluctuation in Ti micro-alloyed steel

Toughness is an important property for steels used in engineering applications. However, recent toughness testing has shown the existence of a significant fluctuation in toughness in a single rolled plate of titanium micro-alloyed steel. The underlying causes of this fluctuation were investigated by fractography, analysis of microstructure and measurement of inclusions. Coarse and distributed TiN inclusions were responsible for the toughness variation, as they tended to act as the potential cleavage initiators to form micro-cracks. From a calculation of the local fracture stress, the critical size of coarse TiN inclusions for dominating micro-crack propagation was 4.93 μm, and similarly that of ferrite grains was 36.6μm. Under current casting and thermo-mechanically controlled processing schedules, the toughness fluctuation of rolled steel plates can be primarily attributed to the fraction of coarse TiN inclusions larger than 5μm. A corresponding relationship between impact energy and the proportion of coarse TiN inclusions was established. Finally, a normalizing treatment was applied to refine the ferrite grains of rolled steel plates. Despite the presence of coarse TiN inclusions, this refinement in ferrite grains minimized the toughness fluctuation and improved the uniformity of the impact properties of the steel plates.

热变形对喷射成形7055铝合金挤压板微观组织的影响

通过单道次热压缩实验和Deform有限元模拟相结合的方法,研究了喷射成形7055铝合金挤压板在300~450℃、0.01~25 s^(−1)范围内的热变形行为。结合热压缩实验获得的热加工图、Deform模拟热压缩过程获得的真实应变和损伤分布以及计算出的几何必需位错(GND)和形变储能,综合分析了合金在热变形过程中的微观组织演变。结果表明:安全加工区位于低应变速率区,其中高温低应变速率区域(400~450℃,0.01~1.0 s^(−1))为其最适宜热加工条件,在该区域热加工后,功率耗散系数(η值)最大,损伤值最低。失稳区集中在高应变速率区域(即1.0~25 s^(−1)区间内),该区域具有最大的损伤值并易于开裂。此外,针对因挤压板在失稳区热加工后表层和中心样品在后续470℃/2 h固溶处理过程中出现的粗晶和晶粒异常长大问题,设计了在热变形前进行慢速升温长时热处理的工艺方案,并讨论了相关的再结晶行为。该热处理制度可以有效降低挤压板中的残余位错密度和形变储能,且在慢速升温过程中析出的大量Al3Zr粒子具有钉扎晶界、降低界面迁移率和阻碍位错运动的作用,从而抑制了热变形后板材在固溶处理过程中的静态再结晶。

Tensile properties and deformation behavior of an extra-low interstitial fine-grained powder metallurgy near alpha titanium alloy by recycling coarse pre-alloyed powder

An extra-low interstitial near alpha alloy Ti-3Al-2Zr-2Mo(wt%) was fabricated by hydrogenation and thermomechanical consolidation(TMC) of the coarse and spherical pre-alloyed powder with particle sizes of 60 to 270 μm. The coarse powder is a byproduct of pre-alloyed powder produced for selective laser and electron beam additive manufacturing. The TMC process involves powder compaction, fast sintering,in-situ dehydrogenation and an immediate hot extrusion to form a fully dense and fine-grained martensitic microstructure. Further dehydrogenation in vaccum at 700 °C converted the martensitic microstructure into an interwoven α/β microstructure which exhibited an improved yield strength, apparent necking and premature cracking at grain boundary α(α_(GB)) ribbons. A further annealing of 880 ℃/1 h/AC led to the formation of a fine-grained α/β_(t)composite structure, which achieved an enhance ultimate tensile strength of 835 MPa and excellent tensile ductility of 16.0%. Analysis of the deformation behavior of the alloy in different states revealed that the α/β_(t)composite structures brought about an enhanced strain hardening capability by heterogeneous deformation effect of hard β_(t)and soft α-laths, which inhibited the formation of microcracks and consequently improved the coordinated deformation.