The status and the variation of electrical resistance of impacted carbon fiber/epoxy-matrix composites were studied by ultrasonic F-scan and electrical resistance measurement The experimental results shows that impact...The status and the variation of electrical resistance of impacted carbon fiber/epoxy-matrix composites were studied by ultrasonic F-scan and electrical resistance measurement The experimental results shows that impact damage energy threshold value of carbon fabric/epoxy-matrix composites can determine by using ultrasonic F-scan. When the impact energy exceeds the threshold value, damage is generated in composites. Electrical resistance of impacted composites is changed owing to the contact of each carbon fiber unit in composites, which cause a change of the series-parallel in conductors. The veracity of detecting impact damage in composites can be improved in this case.展开更多
The existing research of the woven fabric self-lubricating liner mainly focus on the tribological performance improvements and the service life raised by changing different fiber type combinations, adding additive mod...The existing research of the woven fabric self-lubricating liner mainly focus on the tribological performance improvements and the service life raised by changing different fiber type combinations, adding additive modification, and performing fiber surface modification. As fabric composites, the weave structures play an important role in the mechanical and tribological performances of the liners. However, hardly any literature is available on the friction and wear behavior of such composites with different weave structures. In this paper, three weave structures (plain, twill 1/3 and satin 8/5) of hybrid Kevlar/PTFE fabric composites are selected and pin-on-flat linear reciprocating wear studies are done on a CETR tester under different pressures and different frequencies. The relationship between the tensile strength and the wear performance are studied. The morphologies of the worn surfaces under the typical test conditions are analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The analysis results show that at 10 MPa, satin 8/5 performs the best in friction-reduction and antiwear performance, and plain is the worst. At 30 MPa, however, the antiwear performance is reversed and satin 8/5 does not even complete the 2 h wear test at 16 Hz. There is no clear evidence proving that the tensile strength has an influence on the wear performance. So the different tribological performance of the three weave structures of fabric composites may be attributed to the different PTFE proportions in the fabric surface and the different wear mechanisms. The fabric composites are divided into three regions: the lubrication region, the reinforced region and the bonding region. The major mechanisms are fatigue wear and the shear effects of the friction force in the lubrication region. In the reinforced region fiber-matrix de-bonding and fiber breakage are involved. The proposed research proposes a regional wear model and further indicates the wear process and the wear mechanism of fabric composites.展开更多
AlO-SiOshort fiber/Al-Cu-Mg matrix composites containing different Mg contents were fabricated using squeeze casting method.Differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) was used to investigate the reaction condition of the ...AlO-SiOshort fiber/Al-Cu-Mg matrix composites containing different Mg contents were fabricated using squeeze casting method.Differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) was used to investigate the reaction condition of the composites with different Mg contents.The microstructure of the composites was observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The experimental results show that the Mg content added to the 2024Al matrix significantly affects interfacial condition between Al2O3-SiO2 short fiber and aluminum matrix.At the temperature above 538 ℃,Al2O3-SiO2 short fiber is prone to react with Mg and forms MgAl2O4 reaction product when Mg content added to aluminum matrix is above 1.0wt%.展开更多
The differential scanning calorimetric(DSC) and transmission electron microanalysis (TEM) techniques were used to study the kinetic process of precipitation in matrix of cast SiC_p/2024 composites.The results showed t...The differential scanning calorimetric(DSC) and transmission electron microanalysis (TEM) techniques were used to study the kinetic process of precipitation in matrix of cast SiC_p/2024 composites.The results showed that precipitation reactions of GP zone and intermediate phase S'(Al_2CuMg)in the composites were accelerated compared with SiC-free material,the peak temperatures of both reactions were decreased.The reaction enthalpies of both the GP zone and intermediate phase S' formation in the matrix were substantially decreased after the addition of SiC.TEM analysis found that the alloying element Mg segregated at the SiC/Al interfaces,and was depleted in the matrix near the interface.The precipitation-free zones(PFZ) and precipitation-sparse zones(PSZ) formed near the interfaces,as a results,the volume fraction of precipitates in matrix was reduced.展开更多
In the present work, composites of poly (methyl methacrylate)/titanium oxide nanoparticles (100/0, 97.5/2.5, 95/5, 92.5/7.5, 90/10 and 0/100 wt/wt%)were prepared to be used as bioequivalent materials according to thei...In the present work, composites of poly (methyl methacrylate)/titanium oxide nanoparticles (100/0, 97.5/2.5, 95/5, 92.5/7.5, 90/10 and 0/100 wt/wt%)were prepared to be used as bioequivalent materials according to their importance broad practical and medical applications. Thermal properties as well as X-ray diffraction analyses were employed to characterize the structure properties of such composite. The obtained results showed variations in the glass transition temperature (Tg), the melting temperature (Tm), shape and area of thermal peaks which were attributed to the different degrees of crystallinity and the existence of interactions between PMMA and TiO2 nanoparticle molecules. The XRD patterns showed sharpening of peaks at different concentrations of nano-TiO2 powder with PMMA. This indicated changes in the crystallinity/amorphosity ratio, and also suggested that the miscibility between the amorphous components of homo- polymers PMMA and nano-TiO2 powder is possible.The results showed that nano-TiO2 powder mix with PMMA can improve the thermal stability of the homo-polymer under investigation, lead- ing to interesting technological applications.展开更多
In this paper, a micro-mechanical model is implemented in software for the prediction of local mechanical properties of discontinuous short fiber reinforced composites. The model, based on the Mori and Tanaka method, ...In this paper, a micro-mechanical model is implemented in software for the prediction of local mechanical properties of discontinuous short fiber reinforced composites. The model, based on the Mori and Tanaka method, shear-lag, computational model, Nielsen-Chen model and Miwa’s model is used to predict the elastic behaviour of basalt short fiber reinforced with Al alloy composites. The Al/basalt Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) contain basalt short fiber from 2.5% to 10% in steps of 2.5 wt.% and are fabricated using squeeze infiltration technique. The effects of fiber length and orientation on elastic properties of Al/basalt MMCs are investigated. A comparison between the experimental data and the theoretical data based on physical models is made, and the significance of the findings is discussed. The results show that as short basalt fiber content was increased from 2.5% to 10% by wt.%, an improvement in Young’s modulus of 13.26% has been observed. Optical microscopy was used to examine the general microstructure and fiber distribution in the composite produced. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was performed on the fractured surface to understand the failure mechanisms.展开更多
Exfoliated graphite was prepared by chemical route and then further subjected to thermal oxidation and sonication for size reduction and increased interlayer spacing in natural flake graphite. Exfoliated graphite/ABS ...Exfoliated graphite was prepared by chemical route and then further subjected to thermal oxidation and sonication for size reduction and increased interlayer spacing in natural flake graphite. Exfoliated graphite/ABS composites were pre-pared with varying filler concentration by solution casting method. Exfoliated graphite and composites were character-ised by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry techniques. After thermal exfoliation significant peak of graphite at 2? = 26.4? disappeared completely, confirming successful exfoliation of graphite. SEM images revealed homogeneous dispersion of exfoliated graphite in the matrix and EDAX confirmed successful reduction of graphite oxide.展开更多
The galvanic corrosion behavior of metal-matrix composite plain carbon steel/boron carbide(B_4C) in 3.5%NaCl solution was studied.The composite was locally produced as a weld band on carbon steel by means of the gas t...The galvanic corrosion behavior of metal-matrix composite plain carbon steel/boron carbide(B_4C) in 3.5%NaCl solution was studied.The composite was locally produced as a weld band on carbon steel by means of the gas tungsten arc welding process and using nickel as the wetting agent.Samples from the weld band,heat-affected zone and parent metal region were extracted precisely and DC/AC electrochemical tests in combination with techniques such as scanning electron microcopy and energy dispersive spectrometry were conducted.The results of the electrochemical tests show that the corrosion resistance of the parent metal sample is higher than that of the welded composite and the HAZ samples.However,as the corrosion potential(E_(Corr)) of the parent metal is more positive than other two samples,this becomes the cathode in galvanic couples with two other samples.On the other hand,the weld composite sample is also cathodic due to its more positive E_(Corr) compared to HAZ sample.This means that the HAZ can be particularly at risk of preferential dissolution.The approach can be used in specific areas on plain carbon steel to locally increase hardness and resistance to abrasion and reduce manufacturing costs.展开更多
Joining of metals and aluminium hybrid metal matrix composites has significant applications in aviation,ship building and automotive industries. In the present work, investigation is carried out on Friction Welding of...Joining of metals and aluminium hybrid metal matrix composites has significant applications in aviation,ship building and automotive industries. In the present work, investigation is carried out on Friction Welding of AISI 1030 steel and hybrid AA6063-6 SiC_p-3 Gr_pcomposite, that are difficult to weld by fusion welding technique. Silicon carbide and graphite particle reinforced AA6063 matrix hybrid composite was developed successfully using stir casting method and the joining feasibility of AISI1030 steel with AA6063-6 SiC_p-3 Gr_p hybrid composite was tried out by friction stud welding technique. During friction stage of welding process, the particulates(SiC & Graphite) used for reinforcement, tend to increase the viscosity and lead to improper mixing of matrix and reinforcement. This eventually results in lower strength in dissimilar joints. To overcome this difficulty AA1100 interlayer is used while joining hybrid composite to AISI 1030 steel. Experimentation was carried out using Taguchi based design of experiments(DOE) technique. Multiple regression methods were applied to understand the relationship between process parameters of the friction stud welding process. Micro structural examination reveals three separate zones namely fully plasticized zone, partially deformed zone and unaffected base material zone. Ultra fine dynamically recrystallized grains of about 341 nm were observed at the fully plasticized zone. EDX analysis confirms the presence of intermetallic compound Fe_2 Al_5 at the joint interface. According to the experimental analysis using DOE, rotational speed and interlayer sheet thickness contribute about 39% and 36% respectively in determining the impact strength of the welded joints. It is found that joining with 0.5 mm interlayer sheet provides efficient joints. Developed regression model could be used to predict the axial shortening distance and impact strength of the welded joint with reasonable accuracy.展开更多
Tensile properties of epoxy casts together with shape memory alloy(SMA), glass(GF) and carbon(CF) woven fabric reinforced epoxy matrix super hybrid composites were investigated, respectively. In order to enhance...Tensile properties of epoxy casts together with shape memory alloy(SMA), glass(GF) and carbon(CF) woven fabric reinforced epoxy matrix super hybrid composites were investigated, respectively. In order to enhance the mechanical strength of this advanced material, two categories of modifications including matrix blending and fiber surface coating by nano-silica were studied. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and fiber pull-out tests were adopted to complement the experimental results, respectively. Experimental results reveal that the toughness of epoxy matrix is enhanced significantly by adding 2 wt% nano-silica. The failure mechanism of SMA reinforced hybrid composites is different from that of GF/CF/epoxy composites. Compared with the matrix modification, the fibers modified by coating nano-silica on the surface have better tensile performances. Moreover, the fiber pull-out test results also indicate that composites with fiber surface modification have better interfacial performances. The modification method used in this paper can help to enhance the tensile performance of the mentioned composite materials in real engineering fields.展开更多
Environmentally friendly thermosetting composites were successfully prepared by conventional blending wheat gluten as matrix,glycerol as plasticizer and silica as filler followed by thermo-molding of the mixture at 12...Environmentally friendly thermosetting composites were successfully prepared by conventional blending wheat gluten as matrix,glycerol as plasticizer and silica as filler followed by thermo-molding of the mixture at 120℃.The strong interfacial interaction between silica particles and gluten proteins leaded to an increase in storage modulus and a decrease in loss factor as revealed by dynamic mechanical analysis.The moisture absorption and elongation at break decrease while Young s modulus and tensile strengt...展开更多
The aluminum matrix composites(AlB2+a-Al2O3)/Al were fabricated by in situ reaction synthesis from an Al-B2 O3 system. The reaction pathways, apparent activation energies and tensile properties were analyzed by using ...The aluminum matrix composites(AlB2+a-Al2O3)/Al were fabricated by in situ reaction synthesis from an Al-B2 O3 system. The reaction pathways, apparent activation energies and tensile properties were analyzed by using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and equipped energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). The results showed that there are two-step reactions in the Al-B2 O3 system. The first-step is 15 Al+7 B2 O3→7 aAl2O3+AlB12+2 B and the second-step is 2 B+AlB12+6 Al→7 AlB2. Their corresponding apparent activation energies are 352 and 444 kJ/mol, respectively. The tensile strength and elongation rate of the composites are 190.5 MPa and 6.6%, respectively.Compared with ordinary aluminum base material, the performance is superior. There are many dimple and cracked a-Al2O3 reinforcements in tensile fracture surface layer.展开更多
The three-body abrasive wear behaviour of carbon fabric reinforced epoxy (C-E) composites has been evaluated by the addition of graphite (G) particles as a secondary reinforcement. Three-body abrasive wear test were c...The three-body abrasive wear behaviour of carbon fabric reinforced epoxy (C-E) composites has been evaluated by the addition of graphite (G) particles as a secondary reinforcement. Three-body abrasive wear test were conducted using dry sand rubber wheel abrasion tester as per ASTM G-65 with three process parameters load, abrading distance and filler content. To assess the abrasive wear behaviour of particulate filled C-E composites satisfying multiple performance measure, grey-based Taguchi approach has been adopted. The experiments were designed according to Taguchi’s orthogonal array (L?27). The grey relational analysis was applied to convert a multi response process optimization to a single response. Using analysis of variance, significant contributions of process parameters have been determined. The results indicate that the addition of graphite particles into C-E composite increased the wear resistance considerably. It was observed that highest wear resistance of C-E composite was achieved with incorporation of 10 wt. % of graphite filler. Results indicate that the filler content and grit size of abrasive paper were found to be the most significant factor which has influence on the abrasive wear of C-E composite. The worn surface features were examined through scanning electron microscope to probe the wear mechanism.展开更多
SiC particulates reinforced alumina matrix composites were fabricated using Directed Metal Oxidation (DIMOX) process. Continuous oxidation of an Al-Si-Mg-Zn alloy with different interlayers (dopents) as growth promote...SiC particulates reinforced alumina matrix composites were fabricated using Directed Metal Oxidation (DIMOX) process. Continuous oxidation of an Al-Si-Mg-Zn alloy with different interlayers (dopents) as growth promoters, will encompasses the early heating of the alloy ingot, melting and continued heating to temperature in the narrow range of 950°C to 980°C in an atmosphere of oxygen. Varying interlayers (dopents) are incorporated to examine the growth conditions of the composite materials and to identification of suitable growth promoter. The process is extremely difficult because molten aluminum does not oxidize after prolonged duration at high temperatures due to the formation of a passivating oxide layer. It is known that the Lanxide Corporation had used a combination of dopents to cause the growth of alumina from molten metal. This growth was directed, i.e. the growth is allowed only in the required direction and restricted in the other directions. The react nature of the dopants was a trade secret. Though it is roughly known that Mg and Si in the Al melt can aid growth, additional dopents used, the temperatures at which the process was carried out, the experimental configurations that aided directed growth were not precisely known. In this paper we have evaluated the conditions in which composites can be grown in large enough sizes for evaluation application and have arrived at a procedure that enables the fabrication of large composite samples by determining the suitable growth promoter (dopant). Scanning electron microscopic, EDS analysis of the composite was found to contain a continuous network of Al2O3, which was predominantly free of grain-boundary phases, a continuous network of Al alloy. Fabrication of large enough samples was done only by the inventor company and the property measurements by the company were confirmed to those needed to enable immediate applications. Since there are a large number of variable affecting robust growth of the composite, fabrication large sized samples for measurements is a difficult task. In the present work, to identify a suitable window of parameters that enables robust growth of the composite has been attempted.展开更多
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) of different grades is the second most commonly used polymer for fabrication of electric cables and wires after polyethylene. Cables of domestic and industrial use of various capacities are fa...Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) of different grades is the second most commonly used polymer for fabrication of electric cables and wires after polyethylene. Cables of domestic and industrial use of various capacities are fabricated using different compounds of PVC. Mica is useful particulate filler extensively used to enhance the performance of many polymeric materials. It surface resistance and arc resistance improving its mechanical properties. In the present research work mica filled PVC composites of different concentrations were prepared using untreated and surface treated water ground mica of different particle size. Mica filled PVC composites were compounded for various compositions and test samples were prepared using compression moulding process. These samples were tested for electrical insulation and mechanical properties. The results shows enhancement in dielectric properties with improvement in Young’s modulus, stiffness, reduction in elongation at break and slight increase in shore D hardness of composites. Scanning electron microscopy was used to test the morphology of the samples which has shown proper distributions and adhesion of the filler mica in PVC matrix. There was some effect of surface treatment of mica on its mechanical and dielectric properties of the composite.展开更多
The present study focuses on the development of polymeric friction composites with short carbon fiber, micron and nano-sized fillers, additives with varying weight% in phenol formaldehyde (PF) matrix using hot compres...The present study focuses on the development of polymeric friction composites with short carbon fiber, micron and nano-sized fillers, additives with varying weight% in phenol formaldehyde (PF) matrix using hot compression moulding process. The composites prepared with fillers viz. Molybdenum disulfide or Molykote (MK) and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in carbon fiber reinforced PF matrix is designated as Set-I composites. Inclusion of graphite and nano-clay in carbon fiber reinforced PF matrix is designated as Set-II composites. The prepared composites are tested in Dry sand rubber wheel abrasion wear test rig, following ASTM standards for evaluating the abrasive wear behaviour. From the routine experiments, it was observed that the presence of combined micro and nanofillers i.e. 11.5 wt% MK + 0.5 wt% MWCNTs of Set-I, has shown superior abrasion resistance among the study group. The test results of the Set-I and Set-II composites are analyzed using Taguchi experimental design followed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) to understand the contributions of wear control factors affecting the abrasive wear characteristics. Further, worn surface of selected samples is analyzed using scanning electron micrographs.展开更多
Titanium matrix composites reinforced with a-Al2O3 and TiB2 particles were fabricated by in situ synthesis from a Ti-Al-B2O3 system. The reaction processes and microstructure were analyzed by using differential scanni...Titanium matrix composites reinforced with a-Al2O3 and TiB2 particles were fabricated by in situ synthesis from a Ti-Al-B2O3 system. The reaction processes and microstructure were analyzed by using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The results showed that the reactions in the Ti-Al-B2O3 system can occur spontaneously and consist of three steps: 1) 15 Al + 7B2O3 → 7α-Al2O3 + AlB12 + 2B; 2) 14 B + 2Al → AlB12 + AlB2 and 3) 7Ti + AlB(12) + AlB2 → 7TiB2 + 2Al. The final reinforcements were composed of α-Al2O3 and TiB2 particles, which were uniformly distributed in the titanium matrix.展开更多
This paper reports that single-layer and graded Au-TiO2 granular composite films with Au atom content 15%- 66% were prepared by using reactive co-sputtering technique. The third-order optical nonlinearity of single-la...This paper reports that single-layer and graded Au-TiO2 granular composite films with Au atom content 15%- 66% were prepared by using reactive co-sputtering technique. The third-order optical nonlinearity of single-layer and graded composite films was investigated by using s- and p-polarized Z-scans in femtosecond time scale. The nonlinear absorption coefficient βeff of single-layer Au-TiO2 films is measured to be -2.3×10^3-0.76×10^3 cm/GW with Au atom content 15%-66%. The βeff value of the 10-layer Au-TiO2 graded film is enhanced to be -2.1×10^4cm/GW calculated from p-polarized Z-scans, which is about ten times the maximum βeff of single-layer films. Broadened response in the wavelength region 730-860 nm of the enhanced optical nonlinearity of graded Au-TiO2 composite films was also investigated.展开更多
基金Funded by the Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Testing (Nanchang Hangkong University), Ministry of Education, China(No.ZD200829001)
文摘The status and the variation of electrical resistance of impacted carbon fiber/epoxy-matrix composites were studied by ultrasonic F-scan and electrical resistance measurement The experimental results shows that impact damage energy threshold value of carbon fabric/epoxy-matrix composites can determine by using ultrasonic F-scan. When the impact energy exceeds the threshold value, damage is generated in composites. Electrical resistance of impacted composites is changed owing to the contact of each carbon fiber unit in composites, which cause a change of the series-parallel in conductors. The veracity of detecting impact damage in composites can be improved in this case.
基金supported by National Defense Foundation of China
文摘The existing research of the woven fabric self-lubricating liner mainly focus on the tribological performance improvements and the service life raised by changing different fiber type combinations, adding additive modification, and performing fiber surface modification. As fabric composites, the weave structures play an important role in the mechanical and tribological performances of the liners. However, hardly any literature is available on the friction and wear behavior of such composites with different weave structures. In this paper, three weave structures (plain, twill 1/3 and satin 8/5) of hybrid Kevlar/PTFE fabric composites are selected and pin-on-flat linear reciprocating wear studies are done on a CETR tester under different pressures and different frequencies. The relationship between the tensile strength and the wear performance are studied. The morphologies of the worn surfaces under the typical test conditions are analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The analysis results show that at 10 MPa, satin 8/5 performs the best in friction-reduction and antiwear performance, and plain is the worst. At 30 MPa, however, the antiwear performance is reversed and satin 8/5 does not even complete the 2 h wear test at 16 Hz. There is no clear evidence proving that the tensile strength has an influence on the wear performance. So the different tribological performance of the three weave structures of fabric composites may be attributed to the different PTFE proportions in the fabric surface and the different wear mechanisms. The fabric composites are divided into three regions: the lubrication region, the reinforced region and the bonding region. The major mechanisms are fatigue wear and the shear effects of the friction force in the lubrication region. In the reinforced region fiber-matrix de-bonding and fiber breakage are involved. The proposed research proposes a regional wear model and further indicates the wear process and the wear mechanism of fabric composites.
基金This work is financially supported by Harbin Youth Fund( NoDCQQ24405206)
文摘AlO-SiOshort fiber/Al-Cu-Mg matrix composites containing different Mg contents were fabricated using squeeze casting method.Differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) was used to investigate the reaction condition of the composites with different Mg contents.The microstructure of the composites was observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The experimental results show that the Mg content added to the 2024Al matrix significantly affects interfacial condition between Al2O3-SiO2 short fiber and aluminum matrix.At the temperature above 538 ℃,Al2O3-SiO2 short fiber is prone to react with Mg and forms MgAl2O4 reaction product when Mg content added to aluminum matrix is above 1.0wt%.
文摘The differential scanning calorimetric(DSC) and transmission electron microanalysis (TEM) techniques were used to study the kinetic process of precipitation in matrix of cast SiC_p/2024 composites.The results showed that precipitation reactions of GP zone and intermediate phase S'(Al_2CuMg)in the composites were accelerated compared with SiC-free material,the peak temperatures of both reactions were decreased.The reaction enthalpies of both the GP zone and intermediate phase S' formation in the matrix were substantially decreased after the addition of SiC.TEM analysis found that the alloying element Mg segregated at the SiC/Al interfaces,and was depleted in the matrix near the interface.The precipitation-free zones(PFZ) and precipitation-sparse zones(PSZ) formed near the interfaces,as a results,the volume fraction of precipitates in matrix was reduced.
文摘In the present work, composites of poly (methyl methacrylate)/titanium oxide nanoparticles (100/0, 97.5/2.5, 95/5, 92.5/7.5, 90/10 and 0/100 wt/wt%)were prepared to be used as bioequivalent materials according to their importance broad practical and medical applications. Thermal properties as well as X-ray diffraction analyses were employed to characterize the structure properties of such composite. The obtained results showed variations in the glass transition temperature (Tg), the melting temperature (Tm), shape and area of thermal peaks which were attributed to the different degrees of crystallinity and the existence of interactions between PMMA and TiO2 nanoparticle molecules. The XRD patterns showed sharpening of peaks at different concentrations of nano-TiO2 powder with PMMA. This indicated changes in the crystallinity/amorphosity ratio, and also suggested that the miscibility between the amorphous components of homo- polymers PMMA and nano-TiO2 powder is possible.The results showed that nano-TiO2 powder mix with PMMA can improve the thermal stability of the homo-polymer under investigation, lead- ing to interesting technological applications.
文摘In this paper, a micro-mechanical model is implemented in software for the prediction of local mechanical properties of discontinuous short fiber reinforced composites. The model, based on the Mori and Tanaka method, shear-lag, computational model, Nielsen-Chen model and Miwa’s model is used to predict the elastic behaviour of basalt short fiber reinforced with Al alloy composites. The Al/basalt Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) contain basalt short fiber from 2.5% to 10% in steps of 2.5 wt.% and are fabricated using squeeze infiltration technique. The effects of fiber length and orientation on elastic properties of Al/basalt MMCs are investigated. A comparison between the experimental data and the theoretical data based on physical models is made, and the significance of the findings is discussed. The results show that as short basalt fiber content was increased from 2.5% to 10% by wt.%, an improvement in Young’s modulus of 13.26% has been observed. Optical microscopy was used to examine the general microstructure and fiber distribution in the composite produced. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was performed on the fractured surface to understand the failure mechanisms.
文摘Exfoliated graphite was prepared by chemical route and then further subjected to thermal oxidation and sonication for size reduction and increased interlayer spacing in natural flake graphite. Exfoliated graphite/ABS composites were pre-pared with varying filler concentration by solution casting method. Exfoliated graphite and composites were character-ised by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry techniques. After thermal exfoliation significant peak of graphite at 2? = 26.4? disappeared completely, confirming successful exfoliation of graphite. SEM images revealed homogeneous dispersion of exfoliated graphite in the matrix and EDAX confirmed successful reduction of graphite oxide.
文摘The galvanic corrosion behavior of metal-matrix composite plain carbon steel/boron carbide(B_4C) in 3.5%NaCl solution was studied.The composite was locally produced as a weld band on carbon steel by means of the gas tungsten arc welding process and using nickel as the wetting agent.Samples from the weld band,heat-affected zone and parent metal region were extracted precisely and DC/AC electrochemical tests in combination with techniques such as scanning electron microcopy and energy dispersive spectrometry were conducted.The results of the electrochemical tests show that the corrosion resistance of the parent metal sample is higher than that of the welded composite and the HAZ samples.However,as the corrosion potential(E_(Corr)) of the parent metal is more positive than other two samples,this becomes the cathode in galvanic couples with two other samples.On the other hand,the weld composite sample is also cathodic due to its more positive E_(Corr) compared to HAZ sample.This means that the HAZ can be particularly at risk of preferential dissolution.The approach can be used in specific areas on plain carbon steel to locally increase hardness and resistance to abrasion and reduce manufacturing costs.
基金financial support of this work by SERB of Department of Science&Technology,New Delhi.(Vide Letter No.:SERB/F/1452/2013-2014 dated 10.06.2013)
文摘Joining of metals and aluminium hybrid metal matrix composites has significant applications in aviation,ship building and automotive industries. In the present work, investigation is carried out on Friction Welding of AISI 1030 steel and hybrid AA6063-6 SiC_p-3 Gr_pcomposite, that are difficult to weld by fusion welding technique. Silicon carbide and graphite particle reinforced AA6063 matrix hybrid composite was developed successfully using stir casting method and the joining feasibility of AISI1030 steel with AA6063-6 SiC_p-3 Gr_p hybrid composite was tried out by friction stud welding technique. During friction stage of welding process, the particulates(SiC & Graphite) used for reinforcement, tend to increase the viscosity and lead to improper mixing of matrix and reinforcement. This eventually results in lower strength in dissimilar joints. To overcome this difficulty AA1100 interlayer is used while joining hybrid composite to AISI 1030 steel. Experimentation was carried out using Taguchi based design of experiments(DOE) technique. Multiple regression methods were applied to understand the relationship between process parameters of the friction stud welding process. Micro structural examination reveals three separate zones namely fully plasticized zone, partially deformed zone and unaffected base material zone. Ultra fine dynamically recrystallized grains of about 341 nm were observed at the fully plasticized zone. EDX analysis confirms the presence of intermetallic compound Fe_2 Al_5 at the joint interface. According to the experimental analysis using DOE, rotational speed and interlayer sheet thickness contribute about 39% and 36% respectively in determining the impact strength of the welded joints. It is found that joining with 0.5 mm interlayer sheet provides efficient joints. Developed regression model could be used to predict the axial shortening distance and impact strength of the welded joint with reasonable accuracy.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11302054 and 11472086)the Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Projects of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2014DFH50060)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(No.A2015012)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK2010260256)
文摘Tensile properties of epoxy casts together with shape memory alloy(SMA), glass(GF) and carbon(CF) woven fabric reinforced epoxy matrix super hybrid composites were investigated, respectively. In order to enhance the mechanical strength of this advanced material, two categories of modifications including matrix blending and fiber surface coating by nano-silica were studied. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and fiber pull-out tests were adopted to complement the experimental results, respectively. Experimental results reveal that the toughness of epoxy matrix is enhanced significantly by adding 2 wt% nano-silica. The failure mechanism of SMA reinforced hybrid composites is different from that of GF/CF/epoxy composites. Compared with the matrix modification, the fibers modified by coating nano-silica on the surface have better tensile performances. Moreover, the fiber pull-out test results also indicate that composites with fiber surface modification have better interfacial performances. The modification method used in this paper can help to enhance the tensile performance of the mentioned composite materials in real engineering fields.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50473039).
文摘Environmentally friendly thermosetting composites were successfully prepared by conventional blending wheat gluten as matrix,glycerol as plasticizer and silica as filler followed by thermo-molding of the mixture at 120℃.The strong interfacial interaction between silica particles and gluten proteins leaded to an increase in storage modulus and a decrease in loss factor as revealed by dynamic mechanical analysis.The moisture absorption and elongation at break decrease while Young s modulus and tensile strengt...
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51571118 and 51371098)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20141308)
文摘The aluminum matrix composites(AlB2+a-Al2O3)/Al were fabricated by in situ reaction synthesis from an Al-B2 O3 system. The reaction pathways, apparent activation energies and tensile properties were analyzed by using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and equipped energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). The results showed that there are two-step reactions in the Al-B2 O3 system. The first-step is 15 Al+7 B2 O3→7 aAl2O3+AlB12+2 B and the second-step is 2 B+AlB12+6 Al→7 AlB2. Their corresponding apparent activation energies are 352 and 444 kJ/mol, respectively. The tensile strength and elongation rate of the composites are 190.5 MPa and 6.6%, respectively.Compared with ordinary aluminum base material, the performance is superior. There are many dimple and cracked a-Al2O3 reinforcements in tensile fracture surface layer.
文摘The three-body abrasive wear behaviour of carbon fabric reinforced epoxy (C-E) composites has been evaluated by the addition of graphite (G) particles as a secondary reinforcement. Three-body abrasive wear test were conducted using dry sand rubber wheel abrasion tester as per ASTM G-65 with three process parameters load, abrading distance and filler content. To assess the abrasive wear behaviour of particulate filled C-E composites satisfying multiple performance measure, grey-based Taguchi approach has been adopted. The experiments were designed according to Taguchi’s orthogonal array (L?27). The grey relational analysis was applied to convert a multi response process optimization to a single response. Using analysis of variance, significant contributions of process parameters have been determined. The results indicate that the addition of graphite particles into C-E composite increased the wear resistance considerably. It was observed that highest wear resistance of C-E composite was achieved with incorporation of 10 wt. % of graphite filler. Results indicate that the filler content and grit size of abrasive paper were found to be the most significant factor which has influence on the abrasive wear of C-E composite. The worn surface features were examined through scanning electron microscope to probe the wear mechanism.
文摘SiC particulates reinforced alumina matrix composites were fabricated using Directed Metal Oxidation (DIMOX) process. Continuous oxidation of an Al-Si-Mg-Zn alloy with different interlayers (dopents) as growth promoters, will encompasses the early heating of the alloy ingot, melting and continued heating to temperature in the narrow range of 950°C to 980°C in an atmosphere of oxygen. Varying interlayers (dopents) are incorporated to examine the growth conditions of the composite materials and to identification of suitable growth promoter. The process is extremely difficult because molten aluminum does not oxidize after prolonged duration at high temperatures due to the formation of a passivating oxide layer. It is known that the Lanxide Corporation had used a combination of dopents to cause the growth of alumina from molten metal. This growth was directed, i.e. the growth is allowed only in the required direction and restricted in the other directions. The react nature of the dopants was a trade secret. Though it is roughly known that Mg and Si in the Al melt can aid growth, additional dopents used, the temperatures at which the process was carried out, the experimental configurations that aided directed growth were not precisely known. In this paper we have evaluated the conditions in which composites can be grown in large enough sizes for evaluation application and have arrived at a procedure that enables the fabrication of large composite samples by determining the suitable growth promoter (dopant). Scanning electron microscopic, EDS analysis of the composite was found to contain a continuous network of Al2O3, which was predominantly free of grain-boundary phases, a continuous network of Al alloy. Fabrication of large enough samples was done only by the inventor company and the property measurements by the company were confirmed to those needed to enable immediate applications. Since there are a large number of variable affecting robust growth of the composite, fabrication large sized samples for measurements is a difficult task. In the present work, to identify a suitable window of parameters that enables robust growth of the composite has been attempted.
文摘Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) of different grades is the second most commonly used polymer for fabrication of electric cables and wires after polyethylene. Cables of domestic and industrial use of various capacities are fabricated using different compounds of PVC. Mica is useful particulate filler extensively used to enhance the performance of many polymeric materials. It surface resistance and arc resistance improving its mechanical properties. In the present research work mica filled PVC composites of different concentrations were prepared using untreated and surface treated water ground mica of different particle size. Mica filled PVC composites were compounded for various compositions and test samples were prepared using compression moulding process. These samples were tested for electrical insulation and mechanical properties. The results shows enhancement in dielectric properties with improvement in Young’s modulus, stiffness, reduction in elongation at break and slight increase in shore D hardness of composites. Scanning electron microscopy was used to test the morphology of the samples which has shown proper distributions and adhesion of the filler mica in PVC matrix. There was some effect of surface treatment of mica on its mechanical and dielectric properties of the composite.
文摘The present study focuses on the development of polymeric friction composites with short carbon fiber, micron and nano-sized fillers, additives with varying weight% in phenol formaldehyde (PF) matrix using hot compression moulding process. The composites prepared with fillers viz. Molybdenum disulfide or Molykote (MK) and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in carbon fiber reinforced PF matrix is designated as Set-I composites. Inclusion of graphite and nano-clay in carbon fiber reinforced PF matrix is designated as Set-II composites. The prepared composites are tested in Dry sand rubber wheel abrasion wear test rig, following ASTM standards for evaluating the abrasive wear behaviour. From the routine experiments, it was observed that the presence of combined micro and nanofillers i.e. 11.5 wt% MK + 0.5 wt% MWCNTs of Set-I, has shown superior abrasion resistance among the study group. The test results of the Set-I and Set-II composites are analyzed using Taguchi experimental design followed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) to understand the contributions of wear control factors affecting the abrasive wear characteristics. Further, worn surface of selected samples is analyzed using scanning electron micrographs.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51571118 and 51371098)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20141308)
文摘Titanium matrix composites reinforced with a-Al2O3 and TiB2 particles were fabricated by in situ synthesis from a Ti-Al-B2O3 system. The reaction processes and microstructure were analyzed by using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The results showed that the reactions in the Ti-Al-B2O3 system can occur spontaneously and consist of three steps: 1) 15 Al + 7B2O3 → 7α-Al2O3 + AlB12 + 2B; 2) 14 B + 2Al → AlB12 + AlB2 and 3) 7Ti + AlB(12) + AlB2 → 7TiB2 + 2Al. The final reinforcements were composed of α-Al2O3 and TiB2 particles, which were uniformly distributed in the titanium matrix.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10474075)
文摘This paper reports that single-layer and graded Au-TiO2 granular composite films with Au atom content 15%- 66% were prepared by using reactive co-sputtering technique. The third-order optical nonlinearity of single-layer and graded composite films was investigated by using s- and p-polarized Z-scans in femtosecond time scale. The nonlinear absorption coefficient βeff of single-layer Au-TiO2 films is measured to be -2.3×10^3-0.76×10^3 cm/GW with Au atom content 15%-66%. The βeff value of the 10-layer Au-TiO2 graded film is enhanced to be -2.1×10^4cm/GW calculated from p-polarized Z-scans, which is about ten times the maximum βeff of single-layer films. Broadened response in the wavelength region 730-860 nm of the enhanced optical nonlinearity of graded Au-TiO2 composite films was also investigated.